Oral tissues regeneration using intraoral mesenchymal stem cells

Oral pathologies or some treatments can cause facial and functional alterations, being fundament to retrieve those functions restoring the original anatomy of the lost tissues. On this purpose, various techniques have been studied, one of these was the t

Potential therapeutic uses of intraoral mesenchymal stem cells in other tissues of the body : a review

Over the last few years, there has been a great advance in regenerative medicine, with various studies that have observed the ability to repair or regenerate dysfunctional tissues with the patient?s own cells, such as with mesenchymal cells. In this area

Complications in the treatment with alveolar extraosseous distractors: literature review

Background: To review the literature that analyses the types and frequency of complications associated with the use of extraosseous alveolar distraction from 2007 to 2013. Material and Methods: Review of the literature in PubMed, using these keywords; alveolar ridge, alveolar distraction osteogenesis, complication, literature review. Inclusion criteria were: articles published between 2007 and 2013 that included the distraction protocol, the complications encountered and the time when they occurred. Results: According to the above criteria, 12 articles were included in this review, where 334 extraosseous distractors were placed and 395 complications were encountered, of which 19 (4.81%) were intraoperative, 261 (66.07%) postoperative and 115 (29.11 %) were postdistraction. The most common complication was the incorrect distraction vector found in 105 cases (26.58%), in 23 cases (5.82%) there were severe complications, of which 14 (3.54%) were mandibular fracture and 9 (2.27%) were fractures of the distractor elements. Conclusions: According to this review, although alveolar distraction is a safe and predictable technique, it can cause complications; however, they are usually minor and easily resolved without affecting the treatment outcome

Estudio cuantitativo y comparativo entre las distintas zonas dadoras corticoesponjosas intraorales

A nivel odontológico los injertos autólogos mayormente utilizados para defectos óseos pequeños y medianos son los injertos autólogos intraorales, siendo los de rama-cuerpo y sínfisis mandibular los más empleados. A pesar de sus notables ventajas, ambos exhiben una gran cantidad de complicaciones postoperatorias. Debido a esto es que diversos autores han publicados nuevas zonas dadoras intraorales como alternativas a las utilizadas comúnmente, que potencialmente puedan producir una menor cantidad de complicaciones.Objetivo: Evaluar y comparar el grosor de cortical, grosor de medular, área de superficie y volumen de las diferentes zonas dadoras intraorales alternativas.Material y método: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, en donde fueron seleccionados al azar escáneres (Cone Beam) del Servicio de Radiología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. En los cone beam se analizaron los grosores tanto de cortical como de medular, área de superficie y volumen de cada una de las zonas dadoras intraorales. Como zonas dadoras fueron analizados la sínfisis mandibular, procesos coronoides, fosita mirtiforme, zona palatina, proceso cigomático-alveolar, cuerpo cigomático, zona palatina anterior y tuberosidad..

Alternative intraoral donor sites to the chin and mandibular body-ramus

Provide a review of alternative intraoral donor sites to the chin and body-ramus of the mandible that bring fewer complications and that may be used to regenerate small and medium defects. A review was conducted using the search engine PUBMED and looking manually into scientific journals. From the 35 articles included, 6 corresponded to the coronoids, 3 corresponded to the zygomatic body, 5 corresponded to the anterior maxillary sinus wall, 3 corresponded to the zygomatic alveolar process, 2 corresponded to the incisive fossa, 2 corresponded to the anterior nasal spine, 2 corresponded to the palatal region, 5 corresponded to the tuberosity, and 7 corresponded to the palatal and mandibular tori. Although there are few complications described when using alternative intraoral donor sites, the main problem with these types of grafts is their scarce bone volume, with only the zygomatic body, anterior sinus wall, and palate sites being able to be used in medium defects. More clinical trials are necessary in order to evaluate the behavior of the alternative donor sites over time

Effect of the lack of primary stability in the survival of dental implants

The survival of dental implants has been linked to primary stability. The aim of this study is to analyse the factors that influence the survival of dental implants placed without primary stability. A cohort study of implants placed without primary stability was carried out between September 2011 and July 2016. All cases with registered information on the patient and surgical intervention were used. Cases that did not have a 12-month follow-up after implant placement were excluded. Out of 2,400 analysed implants, 92 were placed without primary stability. The absence of primary stability was classified as B in 49 cases, C in 38 cases and D in 5 cases. No statistically significant influence of the patient?s age, primary stability, brand, or implant size in terms of implant survival was established. A tendency towards greater early implant loss was observed in implants whose absence of primary stability was classified as C. Poor primary stability is not statistically significant in the loss of dental implants of the characteristics studied. Any of the factors studied are related with early implant loss as a main factor

Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Obesity Phenotypes Among Mexican Americans

Background Data on the influence of obesity on atherosclerosis in Hispanics are inconsistent, possibly related to varying cardiometabolic risk among obese individuals. We aimed to determine the association of obesity and cardiometabolic risk with subclinical atherosclerosis in Mexican‐Americans. Methods and Results Participants (n=503) were drawn from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort. Metabolic health was defined as \u3c2 of the following: blood pressure ≥130/85; triglyceride ≥150 mg/dL; high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol \u3c40 mg/dL (men) or \u3c50 mg/dL (women); fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance value \u3e5.13; or high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein \u3e3 mg/L. Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) was measured. A high proportion of participants (77.8%) were metabolically unhealthy; they were more likely to be male, older, with fewer years of education, and less likely to meet daily recommendations regarding fruit and vegetable servings. One‐third (31.8%) had abnormal carotid ultrasound findings. After adjusting for covariates, mean cIMT varied across the obesity phenotypes (P=0.0001); there was no difference among the metabolically unhealthy regardless of whether they were obese or not. In multivariable analysis, after adjusting for covariates, cardiometabolic risk (P=0.0159), but not obesity (P=0.1446), was significantly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. Conclusions In Mexican‐Americans, cardiometabolic risk has a greater effect on early atherosclerosis development than body mass index. Non‐obese but metabolically unhealthy participants had similar development of subclinical atherosclerosis as their obese counterparts. Interventions to maintain metabolic health among obese and non‐obese patients may be a more important goal than weight loss alone

An Expanded Chronic Care Management approach to Multiple Chronic Conditions in Hispanics Using Community Health Workers as Community Extenders in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas

INTRODUCTION: The synergistic negative effects of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hypertension increases all-cause mortality and the medical complexity of management, which disproportionately impact Hispanics who face barriers to healthcare access. The Salud y Vida intervention was delivered to Hispanic adults living along the Texas-Mexico Border with comorbid poorly controlled T2DM and hypertension. The Salud y Vida multicomponent intervention incorporated community health workers (CHWs) into an expanded chronic care management model to deliver home-based follow-up visits and provided community-based diabetes self-management education. METHODS: We conducted multivariable longitudinal analysis to examine the longitudinal intervention effect on reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure among 3806 participants enrolled between 2013 and 2019. Participants were compared according to their program participation as either higher (≥ 10 combined educational classes and CHW visits) or lower engagement (\u3c10 \u3eencounters). Data was collected between 2013 and 2020. RESULTS: Baseline mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 138 and 81 mmHg respectively. There were overall improvements in systolic (-6.49; 95% CI = [-7.13, -5.85]; p \u3c 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (-3.97; 95% CI = [-4.37, -3.56]; p \u3c 0.001). The higher engagement group had greater systolic blood pressure reduction at 3 months (adjusted mean difference = -1.8 mmHg; 95% CI = [-3.2, -0.3]; p = 0.016) and at 15 month follow-up (adjusted mean difference = -2.3 mmHg; 95% CI = [-4.2, -0.39]; p = 0.0225) compared to the lower engagement group. CONCLUSION: This intervention, tested and delivered in a real-world setting, provides an example of how CHW integration into an expanded chronic care model can improve blood pressure outcomes for individuals with co-morbidities

A Putative Homologue of CDC20/CDH1 in the Malaria Parasite Is Essential for Male Gamete Development

Cell-cycle progression is governed by a series of essential regulatory proteins. Two major regulators are cell-division cycle protein 20 (CDC20) and its homologue, CDC20 homologue 1 (CDH1), which activate the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) in mitosis, and facilitate degradation of mitotic APC/C substrates. The malaria parasite, Plasmodium, is a haploid organism which, during its life-cycle undergoes two stages of mitosis; one associated with asexual multiplication and the other with male gametogenesis. Cell-cycle regulation and DNA replication in Plasmodium was recently shown to be dependent on the activity of a number of protein kinases. However, the function of cell division cycle proteins that are also involved in this process, such as CDC20 and CDH1 is totally unknown. Here we examine the role of a putative CDC20/CDH1 in the rodent malaria Plasmodium berghei (Pb) using reverse genetics. Phylogenetic analysis identified a single putative Plasmodium CDC20/CDH1 homologue (termed CDC20 for simplicity) suggesting that Plasmodium APC/C has only one regulator. In our genetic approach to delete the endogenous cdc20 gene of P. berghei, we demonstrate that PbCDC20 plays a vital role in male gametogenesis, but is not essential for mitosis in the asexual blood stage. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis in parasite lines with deletions of two kinase genes involved in male sexual development (map2 and cdpk4), showed a significant increase in cdc20 transcription in activated gametocytes. DNA replication and ultra structural analyses of cdc20 and map2 mutants showed similar blockage of nuclear division at the nuclear spindle/kinetochore stage. CDC20 was phosphorylated in asexual and sexual stages, but the level of modification was higher in activated gametocytes and ookinetes. Changes in global protein phosphorylation patterns in the Δcdc20 mutant parasites were largely different from those observed in the Δmap2 mutant. This suggests that CDC20 and MAP2 are both likely to play independent but vital roles in male gametogenesis

Facilitating Collective Psychosocial Resilience in the Public in Emergencies: Twelve Recommendations Based on the Social Identity Approach

Accumulated evidence demonstrates the centrality of social psychology to the behavior of members of the public as immediate responders in emergencies. Such public behavior is a function of social psychological processes—in particular identities and norms. In addition, what the authorities and relevant professional groups assume about the social psychology of people in emergencies shapes policy and practice in preparedness, response, and recovery. These assumptions therefore have consequences for the public's ability to act as immediate responders. In this Policy and Practice Review, we will do three things. First, we will overview research on the behavior of survivors of emergencies and disasters, drawing out key factors known to explain the extent to which survivors cooperate in these events and contribute to safe collective outcomes. We will demonstrate the utility of the social identity approach as an overarching framework for explaining the major mechanisms of collective supportive behavior among survivors in emergencies. Second, we will critically review recent and current UK government agency guidance on emergency response, focusing particularly on what is stated about the role of survivors in emergencies and disasters. This review will suggest that the “community resilience” agenda has only been partly realized in practice, but that the social identity approach is progressing this. Third, we will derive from the research literature and from dialogue with groups involved in emergencies a set of 12 recommendations for both emergency managers and members of the public affected by emergencies and disasters. These focus on the crucial need to build shared identity and to communicate, and the connection between these two aims. Including our recommendations within emergency guidance and training will facilitate collective psychosocial resilience, which refers to the way a shared identity allows groups of survivors to express and expect solidarity and cohesion, and thereby to coordinate and draw upon collective sources of support. In sum, this evidence-base and the recommendations we derive from it will help professionals involved in emergency management to support public resilient behaviors and will help the public to develop and maintain their own capacity for such resilience