Efecto del endopar\ue1sito Prosorhynchoides sp. (Trematoda: Bucephalidae) en la capacidad de nado sostenido del baunco Girella laevifrons (Osteichthyes: Kyphosidae)

This study analyzed whether the trematode Prosorhynchoides sp., at metacercaria stage, affects the sustained swimming capacity of the intertidal juvenile sea chub Girella laevifrons. Fifteen non-parasitized and 15 experimentally infested fish were used in this study. Wild fish were infested under laboratory conditions by cercaria from an infected mussel Perumytilus purpuratus. The parasite mainly infested the tail muscles of the fish. The maximum time of sustained swimming of each fish was measured through a swimming camera. Parasitized fish showed less time of sustained swimming and traveled less distance estimated than non-parasitized fish. This result was independent of fish body size, condition factor and trematode abundance. Therefore, Prosorhynchoides sp. affects the swimming capacity of juvenile G. laevifrons that might influence the migration and distribution of the fish

Bosques oligárquicos de Oecopetalum mexicanum enriquecidos con especies nativas de la Sierra de Misantla, México

Abstract The practice of enrichment of managed forests implies the insertion of species with cultural, economic and ecological value. It generally takes place in sites with some degree of anthropic impact, and also applies in sites known as oligarchic forests. They are historically modified and man-managed systems to favor a single species. Examples are the cachichinales woodlands typical of the Sierra de Misantla region, Veracruz, dominated by Oecopetalum mexicanum, a tree of edible seeds. In this study, two planting techniques were tested: translocation and nursery transplantation of three tree species highly valued in the region: Ocotea puberula, Beilschmiedia anay and Pseudolmedia glabrata. We used a paired model (Anova) to evaluate its physiological state, growth and survival. All three species showed marked stress in the early stages of their establishment; a survival rate greater than 50% was recorded after one year, regardless the technique used for either specie. Growth-wise, O. puberula was the most successful; although we found overall high survivals rates in all three species, which lead us to conclude it is feasible to introduce them into cachichinales.Resumen El enriquecimiento de los bosques manejados es una práctica que implica la inserción de especies de valor cultural, económico y ecológico. Son sistemas que han sido históricamente modificados y manejados por el hombre para favorecer una sola especie. Ejemplo de ello son los cachichinales, bosquecillos típicos de la región Sierra de Misantla, en el centro de Veracruz, dominados por Oecopetalum mexicanum, un árbol de semillas comestibles. En este estudio se probaron dos técnicas de plantación para su enriquecimiento: translocación y trasplante de vivero. Se utilizaron tres especies arbóreas altamente valoradas en la región: Ocotea puberula, Beilschmiedia anay y Pseudolmedia glabrata. Para evaluar el estado fisiológico, crecimiento y supervivencia de las plantas se utilizó un análisis de varianza. Las tres especies tuvieron un marcado estrés (estado de la planta) en las primeras etapas de establecimiento. Después de 12 meses se registró una supervivencia mayor a 50%, indistintamente entre las técnicas utilizadas para cada especie. El crecimiento de O. puberula fue mayor (promedio y probabilidad) en el ensayo de translocación, en comparación con las otras especies. Ambas técnicas de siembra tuvieron una alta supervivencia, por lo que es factible utilizarlas indistintamente en proyectos de introducción de especies nativas en bosques enriquecidos

DataSheet1_Nanomaterials in the future biotextile industry: A new cosmovision to obtain smart biotextiles.PDF

For centuries, man has dominated the development of fibers and textiles to make clothing that protects them against environmental adversities, and gradually dissimilar cultural and ethnic identity traits have been created. Our garments are composed of natural elements such as animal leather, vegetable fibers, and synthetic textiles that result in ultra-resistant and durable materials. However, the textile industry has a non-sustainable character mainly because population growth will limit the use of natural resources, such as land and water, exclusively for food. At the same time, petrochemical-derived materials will gradually be replaced by more biodegradable alternatives due to their toxic accumulation in the local environment and their contribution to global climate change. The vast inventiveness of human-being is opening the possibility of replacing our clothes by mimicking, reproducing, and scaling up nature’s biosynthetic machinery through cutting-edge biotechnological approaches. Nevertheless, the new cosmovision of biotextiles must meet two requirements: 1) the appearance and performance of the clothes should be preserved to join the current textile market demand, and at the same time, 2) new functionalities should be incorporated into our clothes to embrace the impressive technological advances occurring day to day. In this regard, nanotechnological developments will be able to provide the desired properties so that the textile industry can provide bio-based materials enhanced with nanotechnology-based intelligent functionalities. This perspective article discloses nano-biotechnological approaches to address the challenge of dressing up future societies and new material consciousness.</p

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health