The effect of ADD-H preservative (ammonium propionate) on the quality and feedingvalue of baled hay

The effect of ADD-H at 3 or 4 rates of application on the quality and feeding value of baled hay at 3 dey matter levels (65.0—69.9, 70.0—74.9 and 75.0—79.9 %) was studied on Hankkija’s farm in Kangasala and at DM 78—82 % on the Koivisto farm in Hausjärvi. The field experiments were performed in 1979 and the testing of the hay completed by the following spring. The field experiments were affected by uneven drying of the hay, uneven rewetting due to rainfall after cutting, loss of ADD-H during application, uneven distribution of ADD-H in the bales, and other factors. At DM 65.0—69.9 % ADD-H gave only a slight improvement in hay quality; at the highest application rate the sugar content was the highest and the crude fibre content the lowest. At the other DM levels ADD-H restricted the generation of heat during storage; the sugar content was higher, and the mould count lower, in the treated hay than in the untreated hay. The beneficial effect of ADD-H on the feeding value of baled hay was small; further study on this aspect is required

Aspects of the metabolism of 14C-labelled compounds by cows on a protein-free feed with urea and ammonium salts as the sole source of nitrogen

In the feeding experiments performed at the Biochemical Research Institute with test cows (the so-called 0-cows) the biosynthesis of milk component from different energy sources and from urea used as the nitrogen source was studied. The basic idea was to elucidate the effect of various feed components and substances formed in rumen fermentation on the biosynthesis of milk components. In the studies preparations labelled with 15N and 14C were used. The feed of the test cows did not contain protein at all, the carbohydrates were hexose-based and fat in the form of oil was used very scantily. All the proteins required were synthesised by test cows in symbiosis with their rumen microbes from ammonium nitrogen which they obtained from urea and ammonium salts. Protozoa disappeared gradually from the rumen and the number of bacteria increased, becoming many tens of times the number in normally-fed cows. Of the substances labelled with 14C, stearic acid and acetic acid had the highest incorporation into the different milk components. Stearic acid is transferred to milk fat almost solely as such, but apparently is used for the formation of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids as well. Acetic acid also is incorporated mainly into fat, though it is transferred in considerable amounts also to the other milk components. Propionic acid is by nature gluconeogenetic and butyric acid lipogenic. The carbon of sucrose and lactic acid is incorporated fairly evenly into the various milk components. The studies suggest that there are only very small amounts of aromatic compounds in 0-cow tissues. According to the relative retention times the components of milk are synthesised from the different energy sources at various rates. The syntheses of citric acid and lactose are the most rapid, those of protein and fat the slowest. The feeding has a marked effect on the composition of the milk fat. On the basis of these experiments, the far-developed urea feeding does not seem to have any pronounced effect on the participation of the substances studied in the biosynthesis of milk

On the formaldehyde content of the silages prepared with formaldehyde-containing preservative

The free formaldehyde contents of 180 samples of silages preserved with »Viherliuos» were measured during the indoor-feeding period 1975-76. The mean formaldehyde content of the silages was 120 (range 20-500) and 59 (range 10-1250) mg/kg fresh weight respectively in autumn 1975 and spring 1976

Factors affecting in sacco degradation of dry matter and crude protein in grass silage

The degradability of dry matter and crude protein was studied in 96 grass silages, which were collected from practical farms in different parts of Finland. The degradabilities were determined by the nylonbag technique in sheep on a grass silage and hay (50 : 50 on DM basis) -based diet. Among chemical components the N-free extracts increased, and the crude fibre decreased the dry matter degradation in the rumen. The correlation between the end-products from silage fermentation and the dry matter degradability was generally negative. The level of the crude protein degradability was significantly increased when the crude protein content in the silage DM was increased. The amount of NO3 in the silage DM had a similar effect. The rate of crude protein degradation was regulated mainly by the proteolysis in the silage, e.g. the amounts of NH, and especially watersoluble N in the total N of silage. Crude fibre tended to protect crude protein against ruminal digestion

The effect of inoculants and cellulase on the fermentation and microbiological composition of grass silage: I Biochemical changes in the silages

The effect of the inoculation and the adding of the cellulase enzyme on the fermentation of sugar-rich, direct cut grass were studied. The control silages were made by using AIV II solution and no additives. The silages were prepared from the first cut on a farm scale in the summer of 1985. Generally all four silages were organoleptically good. The results showed only minor differences in the fermentation between untreated and inoculated or enzyme silages. The quality of fermentation, however, was improved in inoculated and enzyme silages. The quality further improved by using the AIV II solution. This was supported by the changes in the pH, ammonia, buffering capacity, redox potential, temperature and finally by a better digestibility of organic matter

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

ADD-H:n (ammoniumpropionaatin) vaikutus paalatun heinän laatuun ja ruokinta-arvoihin

The effect of ADD-H at 3 or 4 rates of application on the quality and feeding value of baled hay at 3 dey matter levels (65.0—69.9, 70.0—74.9 and 75.0—79.9 %) was studied on Hankkija’s farm in Kangasala and at DM 78—82 % on the Koivisto farm in Hausjärvi. The field experiments were performed in 1979 and the testing of the hay completed by the following spring. The field experiments were affected by uneven drying of the hay, uneven rewetting due to rainfall after cutting, loss of ADD-H during application, uneven distribution of ADD-H in the bales, and other factors. At DM 65.0—69.9 % ADD-H gave only a slight improvement in hay quality; at the highest application rate the sugar content was the highest and the crude fibre content the lowest. At the other DM levels ADD-H restricted the generation of heat during storage; the sugar content was higher, and the mould count lower, in the treated hay than in the untreated hay. The beneficial effect of ADD-H on the feeding value of baled hay was small; further study on this aspect is required.ADD-H:n vaikutusta paalattujen heinien laatuun ja ruokinta-arvoihin tutkittiin Hankkijan Nikkilän koetilalla kolmessa kuiva-aineluokassa: 65—69,9 %, 70—74,9 % ja 75—79,9 %, Koiviston maatilalla yhdessä kuiva-aineluokassa: 78—82 %. Jokaisessa kuiva-aineluokassa käytettiin 3—4 eri säilöntäaineannostusta. Kenttätyöt tehtiin kesällä 1979 ja heinien seurantaa jatkettiin kevääseen 1980. Kenttäkokeiden tuloksiin liittyy aina monia tekijöitä: heinien epätasainen kuivuminen, erot uudelleen kastumisen määrässä pellolla, annostuksen yhteydessä tapahtuvat säilöntäaineen menetykset ja epätasainen leviäminen heiniin jne. ADD-H:n vaikutus heinien laatuun oli vähäinen kuiva-aineluokassa 65—69,9 %. Suurimmilla ADD-H:n annostustasoilla heinien sokeripitoisuus oli korkein ja raakakuitupitoisuus vastaavasti pienin. Muissa kuiva-aineluokissa ADD-H :n lisäys heiniin hidasti lämmön muodostusta. Sokeripitoisuudet olivat käsitellyissä heinissä korkeampia kuin käsittelemättömissä. Homeiden kokonaismäärät olivat käsitellyissä heinissä alhaisemmat kuin käsittelemättömissä. ADD-H:n vaikutus paalattujen heinien ruokinta-arvoihin jäi kuitenkin vähäiseksi ja tarvitsisi lisätutkimuksia

The effect of ADD-H preservative (ammonium propionate) on the quality and feedingvalue of baled hay

vokkirjasto Aj-KADD-H:n (ammoniumpropionaatin) vaikutus paalatun heinän laatuun ja ruokinta-arvoihi

Formaldehydin siirtyminen maitoon annettaessa formaldehydillä käsiteltyä niittoruohoa lehmille

6 cows were fed for 2 weeks with fresh cut grass treated with formaldehyde-containing preservative. The formaldehyde content of the treated grass, as fed, averaged 490 mg/kg fresh weight and the consumption was 32—44 kg fresh material/ cow/day. The formaldehyde content of the milk rose rapidly from a pre-feed level of 0 to 0.6—2.2 mg/kg, and fell to 0 immediately after the feeding period. The faeces and urine contained 150-260 and 16—26 mg formaldehyde/kg fresh weight respectively during the feeding period, background values being about 10 and 1 mg/kg.Lehmille syötettiin tarharuokinnassa kahden viikon ajan formaldehydiä sisältävällä säilöntäaineella käsiteltyä niittoruohoa. Syötetyn niittoruohon formaldehydipitoisuus oli keskimäärin 490 mg/kg tuoretta rehua. Tuoreen rehun kulutus oli lehmää kohden päivässä 32—44 kg. Formaldehydipitoisuus maidossa nousi nopeasti esikoeajan 0-tasolta pitoisuuteen 0.6—2.2 mg/kg ja putosi 0-tasolle välittömästi ruokintajakson päätyttyä. Ruokintajakson aikana sonta ja virtsa sisälsivät formaldehydiä 150- 260 ja 16—26 mg/kg tuorepainoa, lähtöarvot olivat 10 ja 1 mg/kg

Aspects of the metabolism of 14C-labelled compounds by cows on a protein-free with urea and ammonium salts as the sole source of nitrogen

vokkirjasto Aj-KNäkökohtia 14C:llä leimattujen yhdisteiden metaboliasta proteiinittomilla, puhdistetuilla rehuilla ruokituilla koelehmill