4 research outputs found
Volatile Constituents of Leaves of Trifolium alexandrinum
This study presents the volatile constituents from leaves of Trifolium alexandrinum from Pakistan. The dried leaves were subjected to hydrodistillation for extraction and extracted volatile oil was subsequently characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. A total of 22 compounds were identified where the most dominant constituents were: phytol (46.00%), palmitic acid (9.26%), phytol acetate (6.44%), and linolenic acid (3.47%). Most of these are well-known constituents to exhibit antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities
Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study
Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research
THE INFLUENCE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN IMPROVING WOMEN'S SOCIAL STATUS: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM LAHORE, PAKISTAN
Education have great deal of importance in every aspect of life, thus, this study deals with its one foremost aspect by investigating the impact of higher education on women’s social status. The social status of working women was examined by women’s perception about their decision-making participation at the household level in Lahore. The social impact of higher education was evaluated based on positivist philosophy and implantation of survey approach. Primary data have been collected using self-administered questionnaire. A sample of 120 women respondents studying and teaching at National College of Business Administration & Economics was collected using the simple random technique. A Chi-square test of homogeneity was applied to see whether the difference in the proportion of opinion responses. The study found that highly educated women were more socially empowered than the less educated women and actively participate in familial related decision makings