3 research outputs found

    Intervenção farmacĂȘutica em doentes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crĂłnica. Caracterização do grau de controlo de uma amostra de doentes em farmĂĄcia comunitĂĄria

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    A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva CrĂłnica (DPOC) apresenta um impacto crescente a nĂ­vel mundial. Apesar dos tratamentos farmacolĂłgicos, o sucesso terapĂȘutico muitas vezes nĂŁo Ă© alcançado. A nĂŁo adesĂŁo Ă  terapĂȘutica Ă© reconhecida como fator de insucesso terapĂȘutico, refletindo-se no controlo da doença. Adicionalmente, os erros associados aos dispositivos inalatĂłrios sĂŁo subestimados, podendo afetar, tambĂ©m, a efetividade do tratamento. O farmacĂȘutico encontra-se numa posição privilegiada para dar o seu contributo na ĂĄrea da DPOC, mediante diversas açÔes. Neste contexto, o principal objetivo do estudo consistiu na avaliação do grau de controlo de uma amostra de doentes com DPOC frequentadores da farmĂĄcia, por forma a perspetivar a necessidade de integração em Acompanhamento FarmacoterapĂȘutico no futuro. Pretendeu-se, tambĂ©m, desenvolver açÔes de sensibilização sobre tĂ©cnicas inalatĂłrias e disponibilizar folhetos para sensibilizar a população sobre a DPOC. A avaliação do grau de controlo decorreu na FarmĂĄcia Almeida (Faro), entre Outubro e Novembro de 2017. Foram incluĂ­dos 11 doentes. Como ferramenta de avaliação foi utilizado o questionĂĄrio CAT. Os resultados mostraram um significativo comprometimento do controlo da doença, apresentando 9 dos participantes um CAT com score superior a 10. Adicionalmente, 4 relataram exacerbaçÔes no Ășltimo ano. As açÔes de sensibilização decorreram em 3 residĂȘncias para seniores, entre Janeiro e Fevereiro de 2018. Envolveram demonstraçÔes da tĂ©cnica inalatĂłria e do uso dos dispositivos. Face aos questionĂĄrios de satisfação, foram consideradas pertinentes e muito Ășteis. A disponibilização de folhetos ocorreu na farmĂĄcia. Os folhetos pretenderam alertar para o tabagismo como fator de risco para a doença e promover a cessação tabĂĄgica. Face aos resultados concluiu-se que, apesar de todos os participantes estarem medicados, a maioria nĂŁo tinha a sua DPOC controlada, pelo que poderiam beneficiar com a integração em Acompanhamento FarmacoterapĂȘutico. Concluiu-se tambĂ©m pelo papel importante que o farmacĂȘutico pode desempenhar na otimização da tĂ©cnica inalatĂłria

    Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

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    As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

    Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

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    Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
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