GOVERNANÇA DA POLÍTICA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO TERRITORIAL NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL: DINÂMICAS NO CONTEXTO SOCIOAMBIENTAL DOS TERRITÓRIOS RURAIS LITORAL E CAMPOS DE CIMA DA SERRA

Em 2017, vivenciou-se uma drástica mudança no cenário político brasileiro. Foi nesse período que o Programa de Desenvolvimento Sustentável de Territórios Rurais (PRONAT), implementado desde 2004, foi encerrado, findando um ciclo da política pública de desenvolvimento territorial brasileiro. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se analisar a governança da política territorial no Rio Grande do Sul, destacando sua dinâmica, analisada a partir do cenário socioambiental dos territórios Litoral e Campos de Cima da Serra. O estado é o segundo com o maior número de territórios, abrangendo cerca de 85% de sua área. Dentre as estruturas de governança, destacam-se o Comitê Articulador Estadual e a Rede Estadual de NEDETs. Do total de 18 territórios rurais, 11 foram reconhecidos em 2013. Essa condição fez com que o estado acumulasse uma experiência de gestão na política territorial bastante diversificada, com ênfase na organização cooperativa do sistema de abastecimento de mercados institucionais e na inclusão da sociobiodiversidade.Palavras-chave: Políticas públicas. Desenvolvimento territorial. Sociobiodiversidade. GOVERNANCE OF THE TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN RIO GRANDE DO SUL: DYNAMICS IN THE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT OF RURAL COASTAL TERRITORIES AND CIMA DA SERRA FIELDSIn 2017, there was a drastic change in the Brazilian political scene, during which time the Program for the Sustainable Development of Rural Territories (PRONAT), implemented since 2004, ended with the end of a cycle of public policy for Brazilian territorial development. In this context, the objective was to analyze the territorial politics governance in Rio Grande do Sul, highlighting its dynamics analyzed from the socio-environmental context of the Litoral and Campos de Cima da Serra territories. The state is the second with the largest number of territories, covering about 85% of its area. Among the governance structures, the State Articulating Committee and the NEDETs State Network stand out. Of the eighteen rural territories, eleven were recognized in 2013. This condition led the state to accumulate a very diversified territorial management experience, with emphasis on the cooperative organization of the institutional market supply system and the inclusion of socio-biodiversity. Keywords: Public policies. Territorial development. Sociobiodiversity.

O PNAE e a transição agroecológica nos Territórios Rurais do Litoral e dos Campos de Cima da Serra

1

O PNAE e a transição agroecológica nos Territórios Rurais do Litoral e dos Campos de Cima da Serra

1

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora