A Genetic Algorithm Based elucidation for improving Intrusion Detection through condensed feature set by KDD 99 data set

An Intrusion detection system's main aim is to identify the normal and intrusive activities. The objective of this paper is to incorporate Genetic algorithm with reduced feature set into the system to detect and classify intrusions from normal. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were done using KDD cup 99 data set. The Genetic algorithm is used to derive a set of rules from the reduced training data set, and the fitness function is employed to judge the quality of rules. Keywords: Genetic Algorithm, Detection Rate, Intrusion Detection System, Reduced Feature Set, KDD 99 data set

A New PAPR reduction Technique based on Precoding and Gamma Companding Technique for OFDM system

Multi-carrier modulation is less sensitive to time dispersion of the channel. In particular, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has gained more attention in the last decade owing to rising power of digital signal processing. In spite of the several difficulties that entails during implementation of OFDM system, one of the major drawbacks in OFDM is high peak to average power ratio. Hence it is mandate to research on the characteristics of the PAPR in association with its distribution and reduction in OFDM systems. Myriad of techniques were introduced to reduce Bit error rate and PAPR. Amidst these techniques, precoding gives best solution for reducing PAPR. But in this technique, more null subcarriers are incorporated which leads to out-of-band power emission and in turn reduces the transmission rate. In order to minimize OOB power emission, we combine precoding in frequency domain and gamma companding technique in time domain. The gamma compander promotes OOB power emission. Simulation results reveals a trade off between OOB power emission and PAPR reduction

MODIFICIRANO SPAJANJE JEDNOSTAVNIH SLIKA ZA PROSTORNU DOMENU

The aim of Image fusion is to combine the information from number of images of the same scene from different images with focus on different objects. The result of image is more informative and of better quality often the entropy content of the resultant image is poor due to improper local fusing. In this paper a comparative study and modified spatial domain approach is presented by fixing the contrast values of pixel in between the Average -minimum, and Average-Maximum to get better fusion capabilities. Experimental results demonstrates that the few of the proposed techniques outperform the existing techniques in terms of SNR and PSNR.Cilj fuzije slika je kombinirati podatke iz više fotografija iste scene sa raznih slika s naglaskom na različite objekte. Rezultat je slika koja je više informativna i kvalitetnija, ali često sadržajno entropija finalne slike je slaba zbog nepravilnog lokalne fuzije. U ovom radu provedeno je komparativno istraživanje i pristup modificiranja prostorne domene, predstavljeno kroz učvršćivanje kontrasta vrijednosti piksela između prosječnog minimalnog i prosječno maksimalnog da bi dobili bolje fuzijske karakteristike. Eksperimentalni rezultati pokazuju da neke od predloženih tehnika nadmašuju postojeće tehnike u smislu SNR i PSNR

Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy: which patients require postoperative physiotherapy?

Objectives: Following major thoracic surgery physiotherapy is recommended to improve reduced lung volume, aid secretion clearance, and improve mobility, however, in many centres physiotherapy provision is variable following minimally invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The objective of this study was to observe frequency of problems potentially amenable to physiotherapy following VATS lobectomy, and to identify associated baseline factors of patients in whom physiotherapy may be beneficial. Methods: A prospective observational study was performed including all consecutive cancer patients undergoing VATS lobectomy in a regional centre over 4 years (2012–2016). Standard postoperative care included early mobilisation by nursing staff from postoperative day one (POD1). Physiotherapy assessment of all patients on POD1 determined presence of issues potentially amenable to physiotherapy intervention, and treatment was commenced. Outcome measures included postoperative pulmonary complication (PPC) development, hospital and high dependency unit (HDU) length of stay (LOS). Results: Of 285 patients, 209 (73%) received physiotherapy to assist/improve reduced mobility, of these 23 (8%) also received sputum clearance therapies and 65 (23%) specific therapy for lung volume loss. The remaining 76 (27%) patients had significantly lower hospital/HDU LOS (P < 0.001) reflecting uncomplicated recovery. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), body mass index (BMI), preoperative mobility and age were independently associated with issues potentially amenable to physiotherapy (P = 0.013). Conclusion: Following VATS lobectomy a large proportion of patients demonstrated issues potentially amenable to physiotherapy. The authors recommend that patients receive routine physiotherapy assessment following this type of surgery to ensure that all issues are identified early. Screening of COPD, BMI, preoperative mobility and age will allow early identification of patients who may benefit most from postoperative physiotherapy and preoperative optimisation, however, these factors cannot predict the need for physiotherapy

Electronic and Structural Properties of a 4d-Perovskite: Cubic Phase of SrZrO3_3

First-principles density functional calculations are performed within the local density approximation to study the electronic properties of SrZrO$_3$, an insulating 4d-perovskite, in its high-temperature cubic phase, above 1400 K, as well as the generic 3d-perovskite SrTiO$_3$, which is also a d^0-insulator and cubic above 105 K, for comparison reasons. The energy bands, density of states and charge density distributions are obtained and a detailed comparison between their band structures is presented. The results are discussed also in terms of the existing data in the literature for both oxides.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018

Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.Peer reviewe

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

BACKGROUND: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. METHODS: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk–outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. FINDINGS: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01–4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0–116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3–48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1–45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60–3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8–54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36–1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5–41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6–28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8–25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9–42·8] and 33·3% [25·8–42·0]). INTERPRETATION: The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden

Assessment of Air Quality Indices of South Eastern Coal Mining Area, Korba

India is third largest coal producing country in the world. It will have to enhance the production to fulfill the future deman. Due to large amount of mining operation, industrial activities, such as national Thermal Power Plant. Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board, Coal handling plant, BALCO, produces environmental. In the first approach (NAAQS dependant) air quality indexing was evaluated with the assumption of equal importance to all the pollutants, Initially quality rating for each pollutant was calculated on the basis of observed and permissible standards values (the standard being assumed as reference baseline for each pollutant). The geometric mean of quality rating of all the pollutants was evaluated to derive quality index for air at all the monitoring locations. As per the derived index, T.P. Nagar and Bhilai Basti locations are highly polluted whereas Jhargra village is the least polluted location. The remaining locations are moderately polluted. Air quality depreciation indexing, on the other hand, is NAAQS independent and based on value function curves. The average values of the pollutants were taken for calculation of air quality depreciation index for Korba industrial belt. The air quality depreciation indexes for all the locations are indicating substantial deterioration of air quality of Korba industrial belt. T.P. Nagar location has the maximum depreciation from the desired air quality followed by Bhilai Basti. The results indicate the Jhagrha village has observed least deterioration followed by Pump House colony. The air quality depreciation in the down wind direction of thermal power plants at a distance of 4-5 km in Pump House colony is less as compared to the places nearer to the industries, like Bhilai Basti, manikpur colony, FCI and Kusmunda colony. Hence impact of coal mining and thermal power plant is being felt in these residential areas. T.T. Nagar, Korba town and Kusmunda Colony have shown significant degradation due to miscellaneous vehicular traffic, that is industrial vehicles and personal vehicles