Implementación de la filosofía Lean Construction en las obras de pavimentación ejecutadas por la empresa constructora CISSAC

RESUMEN El proyecto de Investigación consiste en evaluar el nivel de productividad de tres (03) pavimentaciones ejecutadas por la empresa constructora Corporación Inmobiliaria Sudamericana SAC (CISSAC) , mediante la aplicación de las herramientas más efectivas de la filosofía Lean Construction, como son la de Carta Balance y Nivel General de actividad, de esta manera medimos que tan balanceada se encuentra la cuadrilla en estudio, el presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo general “Implementar la filosofía Lean Construction en las obras de pavimentación ejecutadas por la empresa constructora Corporación Inmobiliaria Sudamericana SAC (CISSAC), para elevar su nivel de Productividad”, esta filosofía se aplicó a las partidas que aportan mayor valor económico a las obras, como son acero, encofrado y desencofrado y vaciado de concreto en losa de concreto armado, una vez aplicada las herramientas se llegó a la conclusión de que todas las cuadrillas tomadas como muestras no se encuentran balanceadas por lo que se establece propuestas de mejora, a fin de maximizar los rendimientos del personal.ABSTRACT The research project consists of evaluating the level of productivity of three (03) pavements executed by the construction company Corporación Inmobiliaria Sudamericana SAC (CISSAC), through the application of the most effective tools of the Lean Construction philosophy, such as the Letter of Balance and General Level of activity, in this way we measure how balanced the group under study is, the present research work had as a general objective "To implement the Lean Construction philosophy in the paving works executed by the construction company Corporación Inmobiliaria Sudamericana SAC ( CISSAC), to raise its level of Productivity ", this philosophy was applied to the items that provide greater economic value to the works, such as steel, formwork and stripping and concrete casting in reinforced concrete slab, once the tools have been applied concluded that all the crews taken as samples they are not balanced so that proposals for improvement are established, in order to maximize the performance of the staff

Facebook, meio de comunicação das organizações rurais de Catatumbo

This article is an answer to the research titled as Evolution and impact of the Facebook social network as mass media for the Catatumbo farmers’ organizations Ascamcat and Cisca, developed for identifying the dynamics between the use of social media as a tool for broadcasting the activities of these groups, taking into account the importance of their media actions in the subregion of the North of Santander region, the Colombian Catatumbo, therefore its relevance for their inhabitants, who can take profit of this tool for their social progress. The research gathered qualitative data through observations and semi-structured interviews, giving placeto the comprehension given by the 2.0 Web, and thus determining the dynamics that are a byproduct of the use of Facebook as a communication media by farmer’s organizations of the Catatumbo region, Ascamcat and Cisca. For the Catatumbo’s Farmers’ Association and Social Integration Committee of Catatumbo, Facebook is a tool that works in three axes: making visible the activities developed by each organization; displaying the realities of each region, integrated by 11 municipalities in North of Santander and redressing the information issued by the national and regional mass media . Therefore, even though the social network was not created or designed for becoming a mass media, it is, essentially, a window for displaying the realities of the Catatumbo region, redressing in some cases the hegemonic discourse of the traditional media: radio, press and television.El artículo responde a la investigación titulada Evolución e impacto de la red social Facebook como medio de comunicación masiva de las organizaciones campesinas del Catatumbo, Ascamcat y Cisca, desarrollada para identificar las dinámicas existentes en el uso del medio social como una herramienta de difusión de las actividades propias de las organizaciones citadas, teniendo en cuenta la importancia de sus acciones mediáticas en la subregión del departamento Norte de Santander, el Catatumbo colombiano, de allí la relevancia para los habitantes del lugar, quienes pueden aprovechar la herramienta en su progreso social. La investigación recolectó datos cualitativos por medio de observación y entrevistas semiestructuradas, dando lugar a la comprensión que la Web 2.0 trajo, y así determinar las dinámicas producto del uso de Facebook como medio de comunicación por parte de las organizaciones campesinas del Catatumbo,  scamcat y Cisca. Para la Asociación Campesina del Catatumbo y el Comité de integración Social del Catatumbo, Facebook es una herramienta que apoya tres ejes: visibiliza las actividades desarrolladas por cada organización; muestra las realidades propias de la región integrada por once municipios en el departamento Norte de Santander; y desmiente o contrarresta informaciones emitidas por los medios de comunicación masiva del orden departamental y nacional. Por consiguiente, aunque la red social virtual no fue creada ni diseñada para ser un medio de comunicaciónmasiva, en esencia se convierte en la ventana que permite mostrar las realidades del Catatumbo, desmintiendo en algunos casos el discurso hegemónico de los tradicionales medios, radio, prensa y televisión.O artigo da resposta a investigação titulada Evolución e impacto de la red social Facebook como medio de comunicación masiva de las organizaciones campesinas del Catatumbo, Ascamcat y Cisca, desenvolvida para identificar as dinâmicas existentes no uso do meio social como um instrumento de divulgação das atividades próprias das organizações referidas, tendo em conta a importância das suas ações midiáticas na sub-região do estado Norte de Santander, no Catatumbo colombiano, daí a relevância para os habitantes do lugar, quem podem aproveitar o instrumento em seu progresso social. A investigação coletou dados quantitativos através de observação e entrevistas semiestruturadas, resultandoa compreensão que a Web 2.0 trouxe, e assim determinar as dinâmicas, fruto do uso do Facebook como meio de comunicação por parte das organizações rurais de Catatumbo, Ascamcat e Cisca. Para a Associação Rural do Catatumbo e o Comité de integração Social do Catatumbo, o Facebook é um recurso que apoia três eixos: visualização das atividades desenvolvidas por cada organização; mostra as realidades próprias da região composta por onze municípios no estado Norte de Santander; e desmente e anula informações emitidas pelos meios de comunicação massivo estadual e nacional. Consequentemente, mesmo que que a rede social não foi criada nem projetada para ser um meio de comunicação massiva, basicamente se converte na janela que permite mostrar as realidades do Catatumbo, desmentindo em algumas situações o discurso hegemônico dos tradicionais veículos: rádio, imprensa e televisão

Análisis del Silencio organizacional en la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, Colombia

This article shows the results of the research called Organizational Silence at the Francisco de Paula Santander University Ocaña Colombia; which, had as main objective to analyze the causes and effects of business silence in the collaborators of the university educational institution. The research was developed with a mixed approach and DITRAC design (concurrent triangulation) with an exploratory and descriptive scope; Surveys and in-depth interviews were used to collect information, which allowed triangulating the information and making epistemological comparisons on the subject studied. Among the most relevant results of the research are the types of fear experienced by employees in the institution; In addition, the possible reasons why employees experience organizational silence were known, among which the following stand out: the need to avoid retaliation and conflicts with other colleagues, since it is important for them to protect the work environment; the non-existence of freedom to speak with managers and teachers who are hired for an indefinite term, that is to say that the types of contracts influence organizational silence; and finally that there is a high degree of sense of belonging to the institution.Este artículo muestra los resultados de la investigación denominada el Silencio Organizacional en la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña Colombia;  la cual, tuvo como objetivo principal analizar las causas y las afectaciones del silencio empresarial en los colaboradores de la institución educativa universitaria. La investigación se desarrolló con un enfoque mixto y diseño DITRAC  (triangulación concurrente) con un alcance exploratorio y descriptivo; para la recolección de información se utilizaron encuestas y entrevistas a profundidad que permitieron triangular la información y hacer comparaciones epistemológicas sobre la temática estudiada. Dentro de los resultados más relevantes de la investigación se encuentran los tipos de temor que perciben los empleados en la institución; además, se conoció los posibles motivos por los cuales los colaboradores experimentan un silencio organizacional, entre los que se destacan: la necesidad de evitar represalias y conflictos con los demás compañeros, puesto que es importante para ellos proteger el ambiente laboral; la inexistencia de libertad para hablar con los directivos y docentes que son contratados a término indefinido, es decir que los tipos de contratos influyen en el silencio organizacional; y finalmente que existe un alto grado de sentido de pertenencia por la institución

USO DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA SIG PARA LA ELABORACIÓN DE PLANOS DE FINCAS AGRÍCOLAS

El siguiente artículo trata sobre el Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG). Este, engloba la integración de áreas muy diversas. De manera que, no existe una única definición de SIG totalmente consensuada. En este sentido, un Sistema de información Geográfica (SIG) es un sistema de hardware, software y procedimientos elaborados para facilitar la obtención, gestión, manipulación, análisis, modelado, representación y salida de datos espacialmente referenciados, para resolver problemas complejos de planificación y gestión. Por ello, este funciona como una base de datos con información geográfica, datos alfanuméricos, que se encuentra asociada por un identificador común a los objetos gráficos de un mapa digital. Sobre esta base, al señalar un objeto se conocen sus atributos e inversamente. Por otra, al preguntar por un registro de la base de datos se puede saber su localización en la cartografía. En consonancia con ello, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo el estudio de las tecnologías relacionadas con los Sistemas de Información Geográfica que permitan la elaboración de planos de fincas  agrícolas. Para ello, fue necesaria la revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema para profundizar en las principales características y conceptos relacionados con los Sistemas de Información Geográfica

THE PRINCIPLE OF INTEGRITY AND THE FRAGMENTATION OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT

Objective: Through this work, a study on the integrity of the human being and the fractionation of public procurement has been carried out.Methods: As part of the study, the authors reviewed scientific works on the subject.Results: After analyzing the contracting law 30225, its regulations and other aspects that are part of the contractual procedure, certain factors have been determined that intervene in the actions of the agents in charge of public contracting, such as: i) normative disparity; ii) incapacity of those in charge of the selection processes; and iii) acts of corruption, which put at risk the denaturalization of the norms, generating the splitting of a contract.Conclusions: The splitting of a contracting procedure corresponds more to a subjective decision where the official or servant in charge of the contracting process has the power to discern the good from the bad. The bad decision that entails an illicit conduct will generate liability

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-MAim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Local hydrological conditions influence tree diversity and composition across the Amazon basin

Tree diversity and composition in Amazonia are known to be strongly determined by the water supplied by precipitation. Nevertheless, within the same climatic regime, water availability is modulated by local topography and soil characteristics (hereafter referred to as local hydrological conditions), varying from saturated and poorly drained to well-drained and potentially dry areas. While these conditions may be expected to influence species distribution, the impacts of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity and composition remain poorly understood at the whole Amazon basin scale. Using a dataset of 443 1-ha non-flooded forest plots distributed across the basin, we investigate how local hydrological conditions influence 1) tree alpha diversity, 2) the community-weighted wood density mean (CWM-wd) – a proxy for hydraulic resistance and 3) tree species composition. We find that the effect of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity depends on climate, being more evident in wetter forests, where diversity increases towards locations with well-drained soils. CWM-wd increased towards better drained soils in Southern and Western Amazonia. Tree species composition changed along local soil hydrological gradients in Central-Eastern, Western and Southern Amazonia, and those changes were correlated with changes in the mean wood density of plots. Our results suggest that local hydrological gradients filter species, influencing the diversity and composition of Amazonian forests. Overall, this study shows that the effect of local hydrological conditions is pervasive, extending over wide Amazonian regions, and reinforces the importance of accounting for local topography and hydrology to better understand the likely response and resilience of forests to increased frequency of extreme climate events and rising temperatures

Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict thatmost of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types