31 research outputs found
Exploring postoperative handover quality in relation to patient condition: A mixed methods study
Aims and Objectives
To describe postoperative handover reporting and tasks in relation to patient condition and situational circumstances, in order to identify facilitators for best practices.
Background
High-quality handovers in postoperative settings are important for patient safety and continuity of care. There is a need to explore handover quality in relation to patient condition and other affecting factors.
Design
Observational mixed methods convergent design.
Methods
Postoperative patient handovers were observed collecting quantitative (n = 109) and qualitative data (n = 48). Quantitative data were collected using the postoperative handover assessment tool (PoHAT), and a scoring system assessing patient condition. Qualitative data were collected using free-text field notes and an observational guide. The study adheres to the GRAMMS guideline for reporting mixed methods research.
Results
Information omissions in the handovers observed ranged from 1â13 (median 7). Handovers of vitally stable and comfortable patients were associated with more information omissions in the report. A total of 50 handovers (46%) were subjected to interruptions, and checklist compliance was low (13%, n = 14). Thematic analysis of the qualitative data identified three themes: âadaptation of handover,â âstrategies for information transferâ and âcontextual and individual factors.â Factors facilitating best practices were related to adaptation of the handover to patient condition and situational circumstances, structured verbal reporting, providing patient assessments and dialogue within the handover team.
Conclusions
The variations in items reported and tasks performed during the handovers observed were related to patient conditions, situational circumstances and low checklist compliance. Adaptation of the handover to patient condition and situation, structured reporting, dialogue within the team and patient assessments contributed to quality.
Relevance to clinical practice
It is important to acknowledge that handover quality is related to more than transfer of information. The present study has described how factors related to the patient and situation affect handover quality.publishedVersio
Evaluation of four novel genetic variants affecting hemoglobin A1c levels in a population-based type 2 diabetes cohort (the HUNT2 study)
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chronic hyperglycemia confers increased risk for long-term diabetes-associated complications and repeated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measures are a widely used marker for glycemic control in diabetes treatment and follow-up. A recent genome-wide association study revealed four genetic loci, which were associated with HbA1c levels in adults with type 1 diabetes. We aimed to evaluate the effect of these loci on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We genotyped 1,486 subjects with type 2 diabetes from a Norwegian population-based cohort (HUNT2) for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located near the <it>BNC2</it>, <it>SORCS1</it>, <it>GSC </it>and <it>WDR72 </it>loci. Through regression models, we examined their effects on HbA1c and non-fasting glucose levels individually and in a combined genetic score model.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>No significant associations with HbA1c or glucose levels were found for the <it>SORCS1</it>, <it>BNC2</it>, <it>GSC </it>or <it>WDR72 </it>variants (all <it>P</it>-values > 0.05). Although the observed effects were non-significant and of much smaller magnitude than previously reported in type 1 diabetes, the <it>SORCS1 </it>risk variant showed a direction consistent with increased HbA1c and glucose levels, with an observed effect of 0.11% (<it>P </it>= 0.13) and 0.13 mmol/l (<it>P </it>= 0.43) increase per risk allele for HbA1c and glucose, respectively. In contrast, the <it>WDR72 </it>risk variant showed a borderline association with reduced HbA1c levels (<it>β </it>= -0.21, <it>P </it>= 0.06), and direction consistent with decreased glucose levels (<it>β </it>= -0.29, <it>P </it>= 0.29). The allele count model gave no evidence for a relationship between increasing number of risk alleles and increasing HbA1c levels (<it>β </it>= 0.04, <it>P </it>= 0.38).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The four recently reported SNPs affecting glycemic control in type 1 diabetes had no apparent effect on HbA1c in type 2 diabetes individually or by using a combined genetic score model. However, for the <it>SORCS1 </it>SNP, our findings do not rule out a possible relationship with HbA1c levels. Hence, further studies in other populations are needed to elucidate whether these novel sequence variants, especially rs1358030 near the <it>SORCS1 </it>locus, affect glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.</p
Simultaneous Bright- and Dark-Field X-ray Microscopy at X-ray Free Electron Lasers
The structures, strain fields, and defect distributions in solid materials
underlie the mechanical and physical properties across numerous applications.
Many modern microstructural microscopy tools characterize crystal grains,
domains and defects required to map lattice distortions or deformation, but are
limited to studies of the (near) surface. Generally speaking, such tools cannot
probe the structural dynamics in a way that is representative of bulk behavior.
Synchrotron X-ray diffraction based imaging has long mapped the deeply embedded
structural elements, and with enhanced resolution, Dark Field X-ray Microscopy
(DFXM) can now map those features with the requisite nm-resolution. However,
these techniques still suffer from the required integration times due to
limitations from the source and optics. This work extends DFXM to X-ray free
electron lasers, showing how the photons per pulse available at these
sources offer structural characterization down to 100 fs resolution (orders of
magnitude faster than current synchrotron images). We introduce the XFEL DFXM
setup with simultaneous bright field microscopy to probe density changes within
the same volume. This work presents a comprehensive guide to the multi-modal
ultrafast high-resolution X-ray microscope that we constructed and tested at
two XFELs, and shows initial data demonstrating two timing strategies to study
associated reversible or irreversible lattice dynamics
International Olympic Committee consensus statement on pain management in elite athletes
Pain is a common problem among elite athletes and is frequently associated with sport injury. Both pain and injury interfere with the performance of elite athletes. There are currently no evidence-based or consensus-based guidelines for the management of pain in elite athletes. Typically, pain management consists of the provision of analgesics, rest and physical therapy. More appropriately, a treatment strategy should address all contributors to pain including underlying pathophysiology, biomechanical abnormalities and psychosocial issues, and should employ therapies providing optimal benefit and minimal harm. To advance the development of a more standardised, evidence-informed approach to pain management in elite athletes, an IOC Consensus Group critically evaluated the current state of the science and practice of pain management in sport and prepared recommendations for a more unified approach to this important topic
Legacy and emerging per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) in sediment and edible fish from the Eastern Red Sea
publishedVersio
Exploring postoperative handover quality in relation to patient condition: A mixed methods study
Aims and Objectives
To describe postoperative handover reporting and tasks in relation to patient condition and situational circumstances, in order to identify facilitators for best practices.
Background
High-quality handovers in postoperative settings are important for patient safety and continuity of care. There is a need to explore handover quality in relation to patient condition and other affecting factors.
Design
Observational mixed methods convergent design.
Methods
Postoperative patient handovers were observed collecting quantitative (n = 109) and qualitative data (n = 48). Quantitative data were collected using the postoperative handover assessment tool (PoHAT), and a scoring system assessing patient condition. Qualitative data were collected using free-text field notes and an observational guide. The study adheres to the GRAMMS guideline for reporting mixed methods research.
Results
Information omissions in the handovers observed ranged from 1â13 (median 7). Handovers of vitally stable and comfortable patients were associated with more information omissions in the report. A total of 50 handovers (46%) were subjected to interruptions, and checklist compliance was low (13%, n = 14). Thematic analysis of the qualitative data identified three themes: âadaptation of handover,â âstrategies for information transferâ and âcontextual and individual factors.â Factors facilitating best practices were related to adaptation of the handover to patient condition and situational circumstances, structured verbal reporting, providing patient assessments and dialogue within the handover team.
Conclusions
The variations in items reported and tasks performed during the handovers observed were related to patient conditions, situational circumstances and low checklist compliance. Adaptation of the handover to patient condition and situation, structured reporting, dialogue within the team and patient assessments contributed to quality.
Relevance to clinical practice
It is important to acknowledge that handover quality is related to more than transfer of information. The present study has described how factors related to the patient and situation affect handover quality
High Velocity, Low-Voltage Collective In-Plane Switching in (100) BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Thin Films
Ferroelectrics are being increasingly called upon for electronic devices in extreme environments. Device performance and energy efficiency is highly correlated to clock frequency, operational voltage, and resistive loss. To increase performance it is common to engineer ferroelectric domain structure with highlyâcorrelated electrical and elastic coupling that elicit fast and efficient collective switching. Designing domain structures with advantageous properties is difficult because the mechanisms involved in collective switching are poorly understood and difficult to investigate. Collective switching is a hierarchical process where the nanoâ and mesoscale responses control the macroscopic properties. Using chemical solution synthesis, epitaxially nearlyârelaxed (100) BaTiO(3) films are synthesized. Thermal strain induces a stronglyâcorrelated domain structure with alternating domains of polarization along the [010] and [001] inâplane axes and 90° domain walls along the [011] or [01 [Formula: see text]] directions. Simultaneous capacitanceâvoltage measurements and bandâexcitation piezoresponse force microscopy revealed strong collective switching behavior. Using a deep convolutional autoencoder, hierarchical switching is automatically tracked and the switching pathway is identified. The collective switching velocities are calculated to be â500 cm s(â1) at 5 V (7 kV cm(â1)), ordersâofâmagnitude faster than expected. These combinations of properties are promising for highâspeed tunable dielectrics and lowâvoltage ferroelectric memories and logic