1,920 research outputs found
Predicting the Sparticle Spectrum from GUTs via SUSY Threshold Corrections with SusyTC
Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) can feature predictions for the ratios of quark
and lepton Yukawa couplings at high energy, which can be tested with the
increasingly precise results for the fermion masses, given at low energies. To
perform such tests, the renormalization group (RG) running has to be performed
with sufficient accuracy. In supersymmetric (SUSY) theories, the one-loop
threshold corrections (TC) are of particular importance and, since they affect
the quark-lepton mass relations, link a given GUT flavour model to the
sparticle spectrum. To accurately study such predictions, we extend and
generalize various formulas in the literature which are needed for a precision
analysis of SUSY flavour GUT models. We introduce the new software tool SusyTC,
a major extension to the Mathematica package REAP, where these formulas are
implemented. SusyTC extends the functionality of REAP by a full inclusion of
the (complex) MSSM SUSY sector and a careful calculation of the one-loop SUSY
threshold corrections for the full down-type quark, up-type quark and charged
lepton Yukawa coupling matrices in the electroweak-unbroken phase. Among other
useful features, SusyTC calculates the one-loop corrected pole mass of the
charged (or the CP-odd) Higgs boson as well as provides output in SLHA
conventions, i.e. the necessary input for external software, e.g. for
performing a two-loop Higgs mass calculation. We apply SusyTC to study the
predictions for the parameters of the CMSSM (mSUGRA) SUSY scenario from the set
of GUT scale Yukawa relations , , and
, which has been proposed recently in the context of SUSY
GUT flavour models.Comment: 54 pages, 12 figures. SusyTC can be downloaded from
http://particlesandcosmology.unibas.ch/pages/SusyTC.ht
The Current State of Physical Therapy Pain Curricula in the United States: A Faculty Survey
Insufficient pain education is problematic across the health care spectrum. Recent educational advancements have been made to combat the deficits in pain education to ensure that health care professionals are proficient in assessing and managing pain. The purpose of this survey was to determine the extent of pain education in current Doctorate of Physical Therapy schools in the United States, including how pain is incorporated into the curriculum, the amount of time spent teaching about pain, and the resources used to teach about pain. The survey consisted of 10 questions in the following subject areas: basic science mechanisms and concepts about pain, pain assessment, pain management, and adequacy of pain curriculum. The overall response was 77% (167/216) for the first series of responses of the survey (Question 1), whereas 62% completed the entire survey (Questions 2–10). The average contact hours teaching about pain was 31 ± 1.8 (mean ± standard error of the mean) with a range of 5 to 115 hours. The majority of schools that responded covered the science of pain, assessment, and management. Less than 50% of respondents were aware of the Institute of Medicine report on pain or the International Association for the Study of Pain guidelines for physical therapy pain education. Only 61% of respondents believed that their students received adequate education in pain management. Thus, this survey demonstrated how pain education is incorporated into physical therapy schools and highlighted areas for improvement such as awareness of recent educational advancements. Perspective
This article demonstrates how pain education is incorporated into physical therapy curricula within accredited programs. Understanding the current structure of pain education in health professional curriculum can serve as a basis to determine if recent publications of guidelines and competencies impact education
Co-Localization of p-CREB and p-NR1 in Spinothalamic Neurons in a Chronic Muscle Pain Model
Activation of the cAMP pathway is an important mediator of chronic muscle pain. This study examined phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP-response-element-binding protein (p-CREB) and the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor (p-NR1) in the spinal cord. Bilateral mechanical hyperalgesia of the paw was induced by administering two injections of acidic saline, 5 days apart, into the gastrocnemius muscle of male Sprague–Dawley rats. The proportion of spinothalamic neurons that expressed p-NR1 or p-CREB did not change in the dorsal horn 24 h after the second intramuscular acid injection compared with animals that received pH 7.2 injections. This lack of change in spinothalamic neurons in the dorsal horn may be due to increases in individual spinothalamic neurons or increases in non-spinothalamic neurons. There was an increase in the proportion of spinothalamic neurons expressing p-NR1 in lamina X. These findings suggest that there are region-specific changes in spinothalamic neurons that express p-NR1 and lamina X may play an important role in the modulation of chronic muscle pain
\theta^PMNS_13 = \theta_C / \sqrt2 from GUTs
The recent observations of the leptonic mixing angle \theta^PMNS_13 are
consistent with \theta^PMNS_13 = \theta_C / \sqrt2 (with \theta_C being the
Cabibbo angle \theta^CKM_12). We discuss how this relation can emerge in Grand
Unified Theories (GUTs) via charged lepton corrections. The key ingredient is
that in GUTs the down-type quark Yukawa matrix and the charged lepton Yukawa
matrix are generated from the same set of GUT operators, which implies that the
resulting entries are linked and differ only by group theoretical Clebsch
factors. This allows a link \theta^e_12 = \theta_C to be established, which can
induce \theta^PMNS_13 = \theta_C / \sqrt2 provided that the 1-3 mixing in the
neutrino mass matrix is much smaller than \theta_C. We find simple conditions
under which \theta^PMNS_13 = \theta_C / \sqrt2 can arise via this link in SU(5)
GUTs and Pati-Salam models. We also discuss possible corrections to this
relation. Using lepton mixing sum rules different neutrino mixing patterns can
be distinguished by their predictions for the Dirac CP phase \delta^PMNS.Comment: v3: 18 pages, section on corrections to exact relation adde
Predicting the flavour and SUSY flavour structure from grand unified theories
Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) offer an attractive framework for flavour models, since they feature relations between quarks and leptons. Combining them with Supersymmetry (SUSY) and flavour symmetries, we derive predictions for the flavour and SUSY flavour structure from various GUT models and discuss how the double missing partner mechanism (DMPM) solution to the doublet-triplet splitting problem can be combined with predictions for GUT scale quark-lepton Yukawa coupling relations.
We construct two predictive SUSY SU(5) GUT models with an A4 flavour symmetry, that feature realistic quark-lepton Yukawa coupling ratios and mixing angle relations. These GUT scale predictions arise after GUT symmetry breaking from a novel combination of group theoretical Clebsch-Gordan factors, and we carefully construct additional shaping symmetries and renormalisable messenger sectors to protect the models' predictions from dangerous corrections. The major difference between both models are their respective predictions of a normal and inverse neutrino mass ordering. We perform Markov Chain Monte Carlo analyses, fit to experimental data, and discuss how the models can be tested by present and future experiments.
To combine predictive GUT scale quark-lepton Yukawa coupling ratios with the DMPM in SUSY SU(5), we introduce a second GUT breaking Higgs field in the adjoint representation. Two explicit flavour models with different predictions for the GUT scale Yukawa sector are presented, including shaping symmetries and renormalisable messenger sectors, and combined with the DMPM. We calculate the effective masses of the colour triplets mediating proton decay and find that they can be made sufficiently heavy.
In SUSY theories, the one-loop SUSY threshold corrections are of particular importance in investigating GUT scale quark-lepton mass relations and thus link a given GUT flavour model to the sparticle spectrum. We calculate the one-loop SUSY threshold corrections of the full MSSM Yukawa coupling matrices in the electroweak-unbroken phase and introduce a new software tool SusyTC as a major extension to the Mathematica package REAP. Finally we find predictions for the CMSSM parameters and sparticle masses from the GUT scale Yukawa coupling ratios used in the flavour models of this thesis
The effect of ram pressure on the star formation, mass distribution and morphology of galaxies
We investigate the dependence of star formation and the distribution of the
components of galaxies on the strength of ram pressure. Several mock
observations in X-ray, H and HI wavelength for different ram-pressure
scenarios are presented. By applying a combined N-body/hydrodynamic description
(GADGET-2) with radiative cooling and a recipe for star formation and stellar
feedback 12 different ram-pressure stripping scenarios for disc galaxies were
calculated. Special emphasis was put on the gas within the disc and in the
surroundings. All gas particles within the computational domain having the same
mass resolution. The relative velocity was varied from 100 km/s to 1000 km/s in
different surrounding gas densities in the range from to
g/cm. The temperature of the surrounding gas was
initially K. The star formation of a galaxy is enhanced by more
than a magnitude in the simulation with a high ram-pressure (
dyn/cm) in comparison to the same system evolving in isolation. The
enhancement of the star formation depends more on the surrounding gas density
than on the relative velocity. Up to 95% of all newly formed stars can be found
in the wake of the galaxy out to distances of more than 350 kpc behind the
stellar disc. Continuously stars fall back to the old stellar disc, building up
a bulge-like structure. Young stars can be found throughout the stripped wake
with surface densities locally comparable to values in the inner stellar disc.
Ram-pressure stripping can shift the location of star formation from the disc
into the wake on very short timescales. (Abridged)Comment: 19 pages, 25 figures, A&A accepted, high resolution version can be
found at http://astro.uibk.ac.at/~wolfgang/kapferer_rps_galaxies.pd
Towards predictive flavour models in SUSY SU(5) GUTs with doublet-triplet splitting
We discuss how the double missing partner mechanism solution to the
doublet-triplet splitting problem in four-dimensional supersymmetric SU(5)
Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) can be combined with predictive models for the
quark-lepton Yukawa coupling ratios at the GUT scale. It is argued that towards
this goal a second SU(5) breaking Higgs field in the adjoint representation is
very useful and we discuss all possible renormalizable superpotentials with two
adjoint Higgs fields and calculate the constraints on the GUT scale and
effective triplet mass from a two-loop gauge coupling unification analysis. Two
explicit flavour models with different predictions for the GUT scale Yukawa
sector are presented, including shaping symmetries and a renormalizable
messenger sector. Towards calculating the rates for proton decay induced by the
exchange of colour triplets, the required Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for their
couplings are calculated for the possible dimension five and six operators.
They are provided in detailed tables in the appendix, together with additional
helpful material for GUT flavour model building.Comment: 47 pages, 9 figures; version published in JHE
Demographic Ranking of the Baltic Sea States
The relevance of the study lies in the acute need to modernise the tools for a more accurate and comparable reflection of the demographic reality of spatial objects of different scales. This article aims to test the methods of "demographic rankings" developed by Yermakov and Shmakov. The method is based on the principles of indirect standardisation of the major demographic coefficients relative to the age structure.The article describes the first attempt to apply the method to the analysis of birth and mortality rates in 1995 and 2010 for 140 countries against the global average, and for the Baltic Sea states against the European average. The grouping of countries and the analysis of changes over the given period confirmed a number of demographic development trends and the persistence of wide territorial disparities in major indicators. The authors identify opposite trends in ranking based on the standardised birth (country consolidation at the level of averaged values) and mortality (polarisation) rates. The features of demographic process development in the Baltic regions states are described against the global and European background. The study confirmed the validity of the demographic ranking method, which can be instrumental in solving not only scientific but also practical tasks, including those in the field of demographic and social policy
- …