Panidas, Rubendariacos y apolonidas : apropiación y legitimación de Rubén Darío en "Colombia" (1894-1916)

RESUMEN: Se investiga la legitimación de tres casos de apropiación de la obra de Rubén Darío: 1) La divulgación modernista de la revista Panida [1913-1915]; 2) La imitación “servil” o “Rubendariaca” fustigada por José Asunción Silva y Baldomero Sanín Cano [1894]; 3) La oposición entre Darío y Silva por críticos e historiadores literarios como Tomás Carrasquilla y Miguel de Unamuno [1895-1908] y Rafael Maya (1982). Se parte de la periodización literaria de Pedro Henríquez Ureña, de la legitimidad de Darío como cabeza del modernismo, del enfoque de recepción de historia intelectual y del concepto de “legitimación” de Max Weber. Se concluye que la nacionalización del modernismo contribuyó a una diferenciación del Estado nacional llamado República de Colombia respecto de Hispanoamérica y, por tanto, se sugiere un cuarto caso alrededor de Miguel Antonio Caro.ABSTRACT: Is investigated the legitimization of three appropriation cases of Rubén Darío’s work: 1) The divulgation in the magazine Panida [1913-1915]; 2) The “servile” or “Rubendariaca” imitation criticized by José Asunción Silva and Baldomero Sanín Cano [1894]; 3) The Darío and Silva opposition by critics and literary historians such as Tomás Carrasquilla and Miguel de Unamuno [1895-1908] and Rafael Maya (1982). The investigation is based on Pedro Henríquez Ureña’s literary history, the Darío’s legitimacy as head of modernism, the intellectual history’s reception approach and Max Weber’s concept of “legitimation”. It is concluded that the nationalization of modernism contributed to a differentiation of the national state called the Republic of Colombia with respect to Hispanic America. Thus is suggested a fourth case around Miguel Antonio Caro. KEY WORDS: modernism, nationalism, professionalization, rationalization, democratization of culture

Memoria cultural del nordeste antioqueño

Presentación, 1. La identidad antioqueña y su tratamiento literario, 2. Modernización de la provincia de Antioquia e inmigración. Carlos Segismundo De Greiff, 3. El poema “Bárbara Jaramillo” del humorista liberal Manuel Uribe Velásquez, 4. Federico Velásquez Caballero: Exploración literaria del Nordeste (1860 - 1870), 5. “El machete” de Julio Posada Rodríguez: un cuento ilustrado y heterogéneo, 6. León Zafir: el rosal salvaje y el parterre citadino, 7. La herencia literaria hispánica en la obra de Tomás Carrasquilla: presencia de “La cueva de Montesinos” de Cervantes en Frutos de mi tierra, 8. Trayectoria de Tomás Carrasquilla en El Espectador (Medellín 1913-1915), 9. Francisco de Paula Rendón editado por Alpha, 10. Isabel Carrasquilla: ‘el estigma de la mancha de tinta’ en la literatura antioqueña de los siglos XIX y XX, 11. Aproximación a las músicas y los compositores del nordeste antioqueñ

Impact of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients: A nationwide study in Spain

Objective To assess the effect of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients in Spain. Settings The initial flood of COVID-19 patients overwhelmed an unprepared healthcare system. Different measures were taken to deal with this overburden. The effect of these measures on neurosurgical patients, as well as the effect of COVID-19 itself, has not been thoroughly studied. Participants This was a multicentre, nationwide, observational retrospective study of patients who underwent any neurosurgical operation from March to July 2020. Interventions An exploratory factorial analysis was performed to select the most relevant variables of the sample. Primary and secondary outcome measures Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of mortality and postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Sixteen hospitals registered 1677 operated patients. The overall mortality was 6.4%, and 2.9% (44 patients) suffered a perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of those infections, 24 were diagnosed postoperatively. Age (OR 1.05), perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 4.7), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) (OR 1.006), postoperative neurological worsening (OR 5.9), postoperative need for airway support (OR 5.38), ASA grade =3 (OR 2.5) and preoperative GCS 3-8 (OR 2.82) were independently associated with mortality. For SARS-CoV-2 postoperative infection, screening swab test <72 hours preoperatively (OR 0.76), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) (OR 1.011), preoperative cognitive impairment (OR 2.784), postoperative sepsis (OR 3.807) and an absence of postoperative complications (OR 0.188) were independently associated. Conclusions Perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in neurosurgical patients was associated with an increase in mortality by almost fivefold. Community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) was a statistically independent predictor of mortality. Trial registration number CEIM 20/217

Genomic Relationships, Novel Loci, and Pleiotropic Mechanisms across Eight Psychiatric Disorders

Genetic influences on psychiatric disorders transcend diagnostic boundaries, suggesting substantial pleiotropy of contributing loci. However, the nature and mechanisms of these pleiotropic effects remain unclear. We performed analyses of 232,964 cases and 494,162 controls from genome-wide studies of anorexia nervosa, attention-deficit/hyper-activity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and Tourette syndrome. Genetic correlation analyses revealed a meaningful structure within the eight disorders, identifying three groups of inter-related disorders. Meta-analysis across these eight disorders detected 109 loci associated with at least two psychiatric disorders, including 23 loci with pleiotropic effects on four or more disorders and 11 loci with antagonistic effects on multiple disorders. The pleiotropic loci are located within genes that show heightened expression in the brain throughout the lifespan, beginning prenatally in the second trimester, and play prominent roles in neurodevelopmental processes. These findings have important implications for psychiatric nosology, drug development, and risk prediction.Peer reviewe

Dissecting the Shared Genetic Architecture of Suicide Attempt, Psychiatric Disorders, and Known Risk Factors

Background Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and nonfatal suicide attempts, which occur far more frequently, are a major source of disability and social and economic burden. Both have substantial genetic etiology, which is partially shared and partially distinct from that of related psychiatric disorders. Methods We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 29,782 suicide attempt (SA) cases and 519,961 controls in the International Suicide Genetics Consortium (ISGC). The GWAS of SA was conditioned on psychiatric disorders using GWAS summary statistics via multitrait-based conditional and joint analysis, to remove genetic effects on SA mediated by psychiatric disorders. We investigated the shared and divergent genetic architectures of SA, psychiatric disorders, and other known risk factors. Results Two loci reached genome-wide significance for SA: the major histocompatibility complex and an intergenic locus on chromosome 7, the latter of which remained associated with SA after conditioning on psychiatric disorders and replicated in an independent cohort from the Million Veteran Program. This locus has been implicated in risk-taking behavior, smoking, and insomnia. SA showed strong genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, and also with smoking, pain, risk-taking behavior, sleep disturbances, lower educational attainment, reproductive traits, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer general health. After conditioning on psychiatric disorders, the genetic correlations between SA and psychiatric disorders decreased, whereas those with nonpsychiatric traits remained largely unchanged. Conclusions Our results identify a risk locus that contributes more strongly to SA than other phenotypes and suggest a shared underlying biology between SA and known risk factors that is not mediated by psychiatric disorders.Peer reviewe

La Guerra de los Mil Días en tres relatos de Efe Gómez

Este trabajo analiza las representaciones de la Guerra de los Mil Días en tres relatos de Efe Gómez: “Un padre de la Patria”, “18 de Octubre” y “Peralonso”. Son revisados en su relación directa con el contexto histórico de tal guerra, de modo que el análisis se apoya en obras historiográficas. Son encontradas una postura crítica frente a la historia bipartidista colombiana, y una caracterización de la guerra como perdición y estancamiento de la patria; también un modelo ético para la nación. Estos elementos muestran no solo una unidad temática, sino también conceptual entre ellos

Biologic Therapies for Asthma and Allergic Disease: Past, Present, and Future

The discovery of the mechanism underlying allergic disease, mouse models of asthma, and bronchoscopy studies provided initial insights into the role of Th2-type cytokines, including interlukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13, which became the target of monoclonal antibody therapy. Omalizumab, Benralizumab, Mepolizumab, Reslizumab, and Tezepelumab have been approved. These biologicals have been shown to be good alternative therapies to corticosteroids, particularly in severe asthma management, where they can improve the quality of life of many patients. Given the success in asthma, these drugs have been used in other diseases with type 2 inflammation, including chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria. Like the Th2-type cytokines, chemokines have also been the target of novel monoclonal therapies. However, they have not proved successful to date. In this review, targeted therapy is addressed from its inception to future applications in allergic diseases

Imaginación mediática en Hispanoamérica : variantología de lo transmedial entre los siglos XVI y XIX / Siegfried Zielinski … [et al] ; Mauricio Vásquez Arias, Diego Fernando Montoya, editores académicos

En el tiempo reciente, Mauricio Vásquez ha desarrollado, en conjunto con un grupo activo de estudiantes de la Maestría en Comunicación Transmedia del Departamento de Comunicación Social de la Universidad EAFIT, un proyecto pedagógico singular el cual consiste en hacer un retrato de la fiesta barroca entre los siglo XVI y XIX. Esta celebración de origen colonial estaba constituida por una serie muy amplia de prácticas escénicas y artefactuales que resultan familiares a la variantología de los medios puestos que, temática y operativamente, hacen referencia a fenómenos mecánicos, ópticos y escénicos descritos por pensadores como el mallorquín Ramón Llull (1232-1315) o el alemán Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680). Algunos de los tópicos expuestos en los nueve capítulos del presente libro son : la curaduría del programa de la fiesta barroca, los jeroglíficos, la arquitectura temporal, los carros alegóricos, el teatro, los gabinetes ópticos, los espectáculos de variedades, las fantasmagorías y las sesiones de espiritismo. Este tipo de investigación es completamente relevante el día de hoy porque Colombia y buena parte de América Latina fueron fundadas como producto de la Contrarreforma, y este fue en buena medida un proceso instrumental, un proceso profundamente mediático que es necesario diseccionar y discutir, para conocer y decolonizar (Mignolo, 2003).Prólogo : variantoscopios / Andrés Burbano -- Imaginación mediática en Hispanoamérica. Variantología de lo transmedial entre los siglo XVI y XIX / Mauricio Vásquez Arias -- Variantología : relaciones de tiempo profundo entre artes, ciencias y tecnologías : una entrevista (ficticia) / Siegfried Zielinski -- Siglo XVI al XVIII : comisariado, organización e invención del programa simbólico de las fiestas barrocas entre los siglos XVI y XVIII en Hispanoamérica / José Luis Acosta Sáenz, María Camila Borrás Santiago, Manuela González Cabrera, Andrés Naranjo Ortiz ; relaciones entre jeroglíficos, concursos, oralidad, arquitectura y arte performativo en la fiesta barroca entre los siglos XVI y XIX / Isabel Cristina Castaño Preciado, Alejandro Gómez Valencia, Juan Felipe Mejía García, Natalia Moreno Londoño, Ángela Tobón Ospina ; claves mediáticas de la arquitectura efímera en la fiesta barroca hispanoamericana / Ángela María Salazar Restrepo, Deicy Johana Pareja Montoya, Juan Gabriel Jaramillo Vásquez, Manuel Alejandro Valencia Zapata ; el carro alegórico como elemento simbólico en la fiesta barroca / Estefanía Jiménez Tamayo, Nicolás Arbeláez Rivera, Alejandra Henao Quiroz, Manuel Recio Gómez ; el teatro en la fiesta barroca : entre la celebración, la conmemoración y el espectáculo / Paula Andrea Álvarez Patiño, Ana María Bolívar Noreña, Yuliola Ximena Flórez Castillón, Kelly Marcela Velásquez Amaya -- Siglo XIX : el gabinete óptico en la España del siglo XIX / Sara Melissa Gallego Quiroz, Elizabeth Montoya Vélez ; manifestaciones del espectáculo de variedades en Iberoamérica durante el siglo XIX / Jennifer Ballestas Avilez, Valeria Zapata Giraldo, Ana Isabel Restrepo Patiño ; la fantasmagoría como espectáculo en la España del siglo XIX / Johny Galvis, Alejandro Agudelo, Johan Sebastián Morales ; uno para "sí", dos para "no" : el montaje de las sesiones espiritistas en la Argentina decimonónica / Daniel Garcíatoro, Juan Fernando Jaramillo Montoya266 p

Patients awaiting surgery for neurosurgical diseases during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: a multicentre cohort study.

The large number of infected patients requiring mechanical ventilation has led to the postponement of scheduled neurosurgical procedures during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aims of this study were to investigate the factors that influence the decision to postpone scheduled neurosurgical procedures and to evaluate the effect of the restriction in scheduled surgery adopted to deal with the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain on the outcome of patients awaiting surgery. This was an observational retrospective study. A tertiary-level multicentre study of neurosurgery activity between 1 March and 30 June 2020. A total of 680 patients awaiting any scheduled neurosurgical procedure were enrolled. 470 patients (69.1%) were awaiting surgery because of spine degenerative disease, 86 patients (12.6%) due to functional disorders, 58 patients (8.5%) due to brain or spine tumours, 25 patients (3.7%) due to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) disorders and 17 patients (2.5%) due to cerebrovascular disease. The primary outcome was mortality due to any reason and any deterioration of the specific neurosurgical condition. Second, we analysed the rate of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. More than one-quarter of patients experienced clinical or radiological deterioration. The rate of worsening was higher among patients with functional (39.5%) or CSF disorders (40%). Two patients died (0.4%) during the waiting period, both because of a concurrent disease. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine independent covariates associated with maintaining the surgical indication. We found that community SARS-CoV-2 incidence (OR=1.011, p Patients awaiting neurosurgery experienced significant collateral damage even when they were considered for scheduled procedures