Propiedades psicométricas de la escala phubbing en universitarios de Lima Norte, 2023

El objetivo del estudio es evaluar las bondades psicométricas de la Escala de Phubbing en universitarios de Lima Norte – 2023. El estudio es de tipo psicométrico y se utilizó un diseño instrumental. La muestra incluyó a 315 participantes con edades comprendidas entre los 17 y los 50 años. Se utilizó un método de muestreo no probabilístico en el estudio. Los resultados hallados evidenciaron validez de contenido del instrumento basada en el coeficiente V de Aiken, donde los 10 items presentaron valores adecuados superiores a .80. Asimismo, mostraron validez en la estructura interna, dado que los valores hallados a por medio del análisis factorial confirmatorio de la Escala de Phubbing con dos factores muestran índices de ajustes adecuados y valores dentro de lo permitido (X2/gl = 2.824, RMSEA = .076 y SRMR = .051, CFI = .935 y TLI = .913). A su vez, se encontró una adecuada confiabilidad del instrumento, obteniendo un coeficiente alfa y omega con valores aceptables (α = .866 y ω = .869). Se concluye que la Escala de Phubbing posee adecuadas propiedades psicométricas

Morbimortalidad por trauma craneoencefálico en la unidad de cuidados Intensivos durante 1998-1999. Morbidity and mortality as a cause of cranio-encephalic trauma in the Intensive Care Unit during 1998-1999

Nuestro estudio estuvo dirigido a conocer las morbi - mortalidad por trauma cráneo encefálico (TCE) en la UCI del Hospital "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" de enero de 1998 a diciembre de 1999. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 40 pacientes vivos y 48 fallecidos (54 % de mortalidad). Las variables seleccionadas: Edad, sexo, Glasgow, localización del trauma, estudio radiológico, diagnóstico operatorio, complicaciones, hallazgos necrópsicos. Para el procesamiento estadístico utilizamos paquete estadístico "Systac" versión para Windows 95 con ajuste de µ = 0,05. Se demostró predominio del trauma cráneo encefálico en el sexo masculino, edades entre 15 - 30 años, Glasgow inferior a 8 puntos. El diagnóstico fue clínico y la lesión encefálica temporal, predominando el daño axonal difuso y la fractura. Las complicaciones fueron: sépticas (sepsis respiratorias y por catéter), neuroquirúrgicas (hipertensión endocraneana, hemorragia, hemorragia subaracnoidea post-traumática, hematomas tardíos), hemodinámicas (hipotensión, hipertensión, anemia, trastornos hidroeléctricos). Los hallazgos necrópsicos: enclavamiento amigdalino, destrucción de centros nerviosos superiores, hematomas, contusión cerebral, fracturas. DeCS: HERIDAS Y LESIONES/ mortalidad, MORBILIDAD, TRAUMATISMOS DE LA CABEZA/ mortalidad. ABSTRACT To know the mortality and morbidity rate due to brain-encephalic trauma in the UCI of Abel Santamaría General Hospital between January 1998 to December 1999 was the aim of our study. Medical records from 40 alive patients and 48 who died were analyzed (mortality rate, 54 %). Age, sex, Glasgow scale, trauma, radiographic study, surgical diagnosis, complications and biopsy findings were the selected variables. Systac was the statistical procedure used with Windows 95 System with an adjustment of a = 0,05. Brain encephalic trauma was predominant in male between 15 ? 30 and 30 and 45 years old, the Glasgow scale under 8 points was used. Diagnosis was clinical and encephalic injury was temporal, predominating the difuse axonal injury and fracture. Respiratory sepsis produced by the use of a catheter were the septic complications; endocranial hypertension, post trauma subaracnoid hemorrhage and late hematomas were the neurosurgical complications; hypotension, hypertension, anemia and electrolyte imbalance were the hemodynamic complications. Tonsillar abscess, lower nervous centers destruction, hematomas, brain injury and fracture were found in the biopsy. DeCS: BRAIN INJURIES, HEART INJURIES, WOUNDS AND INJURIES/mortality, MORBIDITY

Morbimortalidad por trauma craneoencefálico en la unidad de cuidados Intensivos durante 1998-1999. Morbidity and mortality as a cause of cranio-encephalic trauma in the Intensive Care Unit during 1998-1999

Nuestro estudio estuvo dirigido a conocer las morbi - mortalidad por trauma cráneo encefálico (TCE) en la UCI del Hospital "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" de enero de 1998 a diciembre de 1999. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 40 pacientes vivos y 48 fallecidos (54 % de mortalidad). Las variables seleccionadas: Edad, sexo, Glasgow, localización del trauma, estudio radiológico, diagnóstico operatorio, complicaciones, hallazgos necrópsicos. Para el procesamiento estadístico utilizamos paquete estadístico "Systac" versión para Windows 95 con ajuste de µ = 0,05. Se demostró predominio del trauma cráneo encefálico en el sexo masculino, edades entre 15 - 30 años, Glasgow inferior a 8 puntos. El diagnóstico fue clínico y la lesión encefálica temporal, predominando el daño axonal difuso y la fractura. Las complicaciones fueron: sépticas (sepsis respiratorias y por catéter), neuroquirúrgicas (hipertensión endocraneana, hemorragia, hemorragia subaracnoidea post-traumática, hematomas tardíos), hemodinámicas (hipotensión, hipertensión, anemia, trastornos hidroeléctricos). Los hallazgos necrópsicos: enclavamiento amigdalino, destrucción de centros nerviosos superiores, hematomas, contusión cerebral, fracturas. DeCS: HERIDAS Y LESIONES/ mortalidad, MORBILIDAD, TRAUMATISMOS DE LA CABEZA/ mortalidad. ABSTRACT To know the mortality and morbidity rate due to brain-encephalic trauma in the UCI of Abel Santamaría General Hospital between January 1998 to December 1999 was the aim of our study. Medical records from 40 alive patients and 48 who died were analyzed (mortality rate, 54 %). Age, sex, Glasgow scale, trauma, radiographic study, surgical diagnosis, complications and biopsy findings were the selected variables. Systac was the statistical procedure used with Windows 95 System with an adjustment of a = 0,05. Brain encephalic trauma was predominant in male between 15 ? 30 and 30 and 45 years old, the Glasgow scale under 8 points was used. Diagnosis was clinical and encephalic injury was temporal, predominating the difuse axonal injury and fracture. Respiratory sepsis produced by the use of a catheter were the septic complications; endocranial hypertension, post trauma subaracnoid hemorrhage and late hematomas were the neurosurgical complications; hypotension, hypertension, anemia and electrolyte imbalance were the hemodynamic complications. Tonsillar abscess, lower nervous centers destruction, hematomas, brain injury and fracture were found in the biopsy. DeCS: BRAIN INJURIES, HEART INJURIES, WOUNDS AND INJURIES/mortality, MORBIDITY

Multimedia para el estudio del aparto urogenital de los animales domésticos en la asignatura histología veterinaria

El trabajo que se presenta contiene las principales características de una multimedia, la cual ha sido elaborada con el objetivo de contribuir a mejorar el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la asignatura histología en la carrera de Medicina Veterinaria. Esta ha sido concebida como una alternativa en el proceso docente educativo. La misma incluye imágenes contentivas de representaciones reales a diferentes aumentos, textos, animaciones, videos, documentos actualizados, un glosario de términos, posibilidad de búsquedas dentro de los contenidos, vínculos a personas, organismos, instituciones y documentos relacionados con la temática, audios sincronizados al texto.Eje: Educación universitaria: Experiencias uso NTICRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Fatores de risco e lesões macrovasculares em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Introducción: entre las condiciones clínicas que causan riesgo cardiovascular la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 sobresale, y son las complicaciones macrovasculares en estos pacientes la principal causa de morbilidad y mortalidad.Objetivo: identificar la posible asociación entre factores de riesgo y el desarrollo de las lesiones macrovasculares en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2.Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico de tipo casos y controles (relación 1:2), en pacientes con DM tipo 2 ingresados en el Centro de Atención al Diabético (CAD) de Bayamo, provincia Granma, en el periodo comprendido entre 2017 y 2019.Resultados: el análisis de las variables cualitativas el no control de la diabetes fue el factor más importante (OR = 13,05; IC = 5,750-29,633; p = 0,000) seguido de electrocardiograma patológico (OR = 10,61; IC = 4,269-26,396; p = 0,000). El análisis univariado de las variables cuantitativas, la edad mayor de 55 años y la hipertensión arterial independientemente del tipo (sistólica o diastólica) fueron los factores más frecuentes. El análisis multivariado a través de una regresión logística binaria, el factor de mayor importancia fue el no control de la diabetes mellitus (IC = 6,758-27,639; p = 0,00) seguido del síndrome metabólico (OR = 15,837; IC = 2,869-17,424; p = 0,00) la hipertensión no controlada (OR = 11,319; IC = 2,016-63,542; p = 0,000).Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo de mayor relevancia para el desarrollo de la enfermedad cardiovascular en los pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 fueron diabetes mellitus descontrolada, el síndrome metabólico y la hipertensión arterial no controlada.Introduction: among Théo clinical conditions that cause cardiovascular risk, type 2 diabetes mellitus stands out, and macrovascular complications in these patients are the main cause of morbidity and mortality.Objective: to identify the possible association betei risk factors and the development of macrovascular lesions in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: an analytical case-control study (1: 2 ratio) was carried out in patients with type 2 DM admitted to the Diabetic Care Center (CAD) of Bayamo, Granma province, in the period between 2017 and 2019 .Results: the analysis of the qualitativos variables, the non-control of diabetes was the most important factor (OR = 13.05; CI = 5.750-29.633; p = 0.000) followed by pathological electrocardiogram (OR = 10.61; CI = 4.269 -26.396; p = 0.000). Univariate analysis of quantitative variables, age over 55 years and arterial hypertension regardless of type (systolic or diastolic) were the most frequent factors. The multivariate analysis through a binary logistic regressos, the most important factor was the non-control of diabetes mellitus (CI = 6.758-27.639; p = 0.00) followed by the metabolic syndrome (OR = 15.837; CI = 2.869- 17,424; p = 0.00) uncontrolled hypertension (OR = 11.319; CI = 2.016-63.542; p = 0.000).Conclusions: the most relevant risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes were uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and uncontrolled arterial hypertension. Introdução: dentre as condições clínicas que causam risco cardiovascular, destaca-se o diabetes mellitus tipo 2, sendo as complicações macrovasculares nesses pacientes a principal causa de morbimortalidade.Objetivo: identificar a possível associação entre fatores de risco e o desenvolvimento de lesões macrovasculares em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2.Métodos: foi realizado um estudo analítico caso-controle (proporção 1: 2) em pacientes com DM tipo 2 internados no Centro de Atenção ao Diabético (CAD) de Bayamo, província de Granma, no período de 2017 a 2019.Resultados: na análise das variáveis qualitativas, o não controle do diabetes foi o fator mais importante (OR = 13,05; IC = 5,750-29,633; p = 0,000) seguido do eletrocardiograma patológico (OR = 10,61; IC = 4,269 -26,396; p = 0,000). A análise univariada das variáveis quantitativas, idade acima de 55 anos e hipertensão arterial independente do tipo (sistólica ou diastólica) foram os fatores mais frequentes. Na análise multivariada por meio de regressão logística binária, o fator mais importante foi o não controle do diabetes mellitus (IC = 6,758-27,639; p = 0,00) seguido da síndrome metabólica (OR = 15,837; IC = 2,869- 17.424; p = 0,00) hipertensão não controlada (OR = 11,319; IC = 2,016-63,542; p = 0,000).Conclusões: os fatores de risco mais relevantes para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 foram diabetes mellitus não controlada, síndrome metabólica e hipertensão arterial não controlada

Comunicación, educación y contexto

Ante la situación mundial vivida en el año 2020 con la aparición de la pandemia del Covid-19 desde el Comité de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación se proyectó la realización del I Encuentro Virtual de Grupos de Investigación, cuyas memorias tienen a su disposición en la presente obra, conformada por diez ponencias congregadas en cuatro secciones, las cuales se agruparon de acuerdo a la afinidad entre sus campos disciplinares y las líneas de investigación de los grupos que pertenecen a esta unidad académica. Estas áreas del conocimiento demuestran la diversidad de temáticas de investigación presentes en esta facultad que abarcan el discurso y las representaciones, la pedagogía, procesos investigativos sobre lectura y escritura, y, por último, la memoria, la historia y las políticas públicas.Given the global situation experienced in the year 2020 with the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic, the Research Committee of the Faculty of Education Sciences planned to hold the First Virtual Meeting of Research Groups, whose memories are available in this work, consisting of ten papers grouped into four sections, which were grouped according to the affinity between their disciplinary fields and the lines of research of the groups belonging to this academic unit. These areas of knowledge demonstrate the diversity of research topics present in this faculty, which include discourse and representations, pedagogy, research processes on reading and writing, and finally, memory, history and public policies.CONTENIDO Presentación....................................................................................7 Introducción. Apuestas colectivas de los docentes-investigadores de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación...................................11 Sección discurso y representaciones...........................................17 El grupo “Estudios del lenguaje y la Educación” y sus aportes a la Glotopolítica en Colombia .............................18 Proyecto: Creación de una estrategia audiovisual con base en storytelling para cambiar imaginarios urbanos: Caso Pereira Imaginada y sus croquis ciudadanos. ....................25 Proyecto Observatorio de Análisis del Discurso televisivo en el aula: Una propuesta integradora y didáctica para la formación de audiencia en la Escuela de Español y Comunicación Audiovisual.........................................................33 Sección pedagogía ........................................................................43 Sociología de la Infancia: Surgimiento de un campo de estudio, evolución y perspectivas...............................44 Concepciones de conflicto de estudiantes de Educación Básica. ..................................................................47 Sección lecto-escritura.................................................................53 Transformaciones en la escritura académica de estudiantes de maestría...........................................................54 Una apuesta de la Facultad, para la Facultad..............................61 Sección memoria, historia y políticas públicas..........................71 Laboratorios andantes: Fotografía estenopeica como interfaz cultural de la memoria colectiva..........................72 UTP 60 años: Legados y transformaciones en la construcción de saberes, sociedad y territorio – Vicerrectoría de Responsabilidad Social y Bienestar Universitario 10 años – Crecimiento Urbano, Historia Barrial y Política Local: Pereira 1930-1980. .............................................76 Proyecto: Gestión de Políticas Públicas Migratorias en la ciudad de Pereira, Colombia durante el periodo 2015-2019. ..................................................................................81 Conclusiones finales.....................................................................8

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Evaluation of the application of the Lean Manufacturing philosophy to improve the inventory process in a production company, Indumil case Colombia

Esta propuesta tiene como finalidad, mejorar el proceso de inventarios y almacenamiento de materias primas utilizadas para la fabricación de explosivos de la Industria Militar de Colombia por medio de la aplicación de la filosofía Lean Manufacturing, la cual nos permite reconocer por medio de un proceso continuo, cuáles son los excesos o desperdicios que tienen las empresas, debido a que estos afectan directamente los costos, la eficiencia, la calidad, la productividad y demás que no generan valor al cliente. Dentro del análisis realizado en la fábrica de Explosivos Antonio Ricaurte encontramos que el proceso de inventarios y almacenamiento tiene algunas falencias debido a que los tiempos de adquisición de materias primas no se están cumpliendo a cabalidad, adicionalmente se identificó baja rotación de inventarios, falta de trazabilidad y parametrización en el seguimiento y control de lotes en modulo SAP, lo cual afecta directamente la cadena de valor, motivo por el cual se presentan en la actualidad incrementos en los costos de inventarios, contratiempos en los procesos administrativos, desperdicios en el proceso y dificultades en la capacidad de almacenamiento.The purpose of this proposal is to improve the inventory and storage process of raw materials used for the manufacture of explosives for the Colombian Military Industry through the application of the Lean Manufacturing philosophy, which allows us to recognize through a continuous process , what are the excesses or waste that companies have, because these directly affect costs, efficiency, quality, productivity and others that do not generate value for the client. Within the analysis carried out at the Antonio Explosives factory, we found that the inventory and storage process has some shortcomings due to the fact that the acquisition times for raw materials are not being fully met, additionally low inventory turnover, lack of traceability and parameterization in the monitoring and control of batches in the SAP module, which directly affects the value chain, which is why there are currently increases in inventory costs, setbacks in administrative processes, waste in the process and difficulties in storage capacity.Magíster en Ingeniería IndustrialMaestrí

Production flow valuation through VSM modeling : an industry case study

A special combination of lean methodologies and modeling of industrial processes has been increasingly used in the last decade between University and Industry. With lower costs, knowledge in lean tools and innovation in simulation packages, manufacturing has improved its practices in the flow of their processes detecting aggregate value. The research team describes a case in which a glove manufacturing production line and its Value Stream Mapping are simulated at the same time. The purpose of this work is to identify potential benefits such as reducing waste, improving lead time, resource optimization, reduced WIP and increasing throughput by simulation, applied to a real case industry. The modeling of the process and its VSM as a visual tool, highlight waste and hidden sources of the same through the variables and their behavior in the development of the simulation. Via a first simulation, the current process status is diagnosed. Then, using LEAN-manufacturing tools, a proposed VSM model is designed, which, through indicators and plots, shows the elimination of the causes of waste and improvements of this process