Political Regimes and Sovereign Credit Risk in Europe, 1750-1913

This article uses a new panel data set to perform a statistical analysis of political regimes and sovereign credit risk in Europe from 1750 to 1913. Old Regime polities typically suffered from fiscal fragmentation and absolutist rule. By the start of World War I, however, many such countries had centralized institutions and limited government. Panel regressions indicate that centralized and?or limited regimes were associated with significant improvements in credit risk relative to fragmented and absolutist ones. Structural break tests also reveal close relationships between major turning points in yield series and political transformations

A community-based study of hypertension and cardio-metabolic syndrome in semi-urban and rural communities in Nigeria

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The prevalence of cardio-metabolic syndrome (CMS) is increasing worldwide. In people of African descent, there is higher prevalence of hypertension and complications than other races. Bearing in mind these facts, we looked at the CMS in the general population and the population with hypertension. Using the new International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions of CMS, we studied its prevalence in semi-urban and rural communities in South-east Nigeria in relation to hypertension.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>This is a cross sectional population based study involving 1458 adults aged from 25 to 64 years. Diagnosis of CMS was based on the new IDF criteria using the anthropometric measurements for Europids as there is none yet for blacks. Hypertension was defined according to the WHO/ISH criteria.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall prevalence of CMS was 18.0% in the semi-urban community as against 10.0% in the rural community increasing to 34.7% and 24.7% respectively in the population with hypertension. The prevalence of co-morbidities - hyperglycaemia, abdominal obesity, and hypertriglceridaemia were 13.9%, 41.1% and 23.9% while in the hypertensive populations they were 21.2%, 55.0% and 31.3% in the general population in both communities combined. Except for low HDL cholesterol, every other co-morbidity was higher in hypertensive population than the general population.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The high prevalence of CMS in the semi-urban population especially for the population with hypertension underscores the double burden of disease in developing countries. The lesson is while infections and infestations are being tackled in these countries the non-communicable diseases should not be neglected.</p

Global patterns and drivers of ecosystem functioning in rivers and riparian zones

River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth's biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented "next-generation biomonitoring" by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale.peerReviewe

Pembuatan Modul Manajemen Pengguna Komunitas Ibukreatif di Facebook

Komunitas IbuKreatif dibangun dalam rangka mewadahi kelompok ibu-ibu agar bisa saling berbagi ilmu. Komunitas ini juga menbantu ibu-ibu untuk memiliki keahlian-keahlian tertentu misalnya pembuatan kue, masakan, kerajinan tangan dan lain-lain. Agar ibu-ibu memiliki kreatifitas maka perlu ada pemicu dan pemantauan aktivitas oleh aplikasi. Mulai dari melihat posting yang ada, memberi komentar, mengunduh video dll. Untuk bisa aktif maka perlu ada pemicu, mulai dari bagaiman ibu-ibu ini tertarik untuk bergabung, bagi yang sudah bergabung agar aktif untuk membuka, membalas dll. Maka perlu dibuat modul untuk memicu keaktifan pengguna ibukreatif. Keaktifan bisa muncul karena pengguna merasa diperhatikan, memberikan manfaat dll. Hasil pengujian dilakukan dengan menghitung tingkat keaktifan ibu-ibu sebelum ada modul ini dengan sesudah modul ini diterapkan. Tingkat keberhasilannya didapatkan sebesar 80%

Strange

Strange is a work of biographical fiction, memoir and critical interpretation divided into three parts: Strange Past, Strange Present and Strange Extrapolations. Strange Past introduces the author’s ancestors and explores the ways in which they negotiated cultural and location change as new settlers and, later, as mixed-race identities within the dangerously unstable colonial-racial environment of the 19C Swan-River colony. Although the names belonged to real people and the text is based on facts drawn from public records and the author’s oral family history, the actions and dialogue in Strange Past are fictional. In Strange Present the author introduces himself as memoir subject and, through his perspective as a descendant of the central Strange Past protagonists, the theme of mixed-race cultural negotiation continues within a late Twentieth-Century environment. The memoir also relies on fiction to tell the fundamentally factual stories. Strange Past and Strange Present form the body text. Strange Extrapolations is a critical interpretation of the body text structured around a research focus on cultural, textual and discursive/linguistic hybridity. Informed and supported by post-colonial, post-structural and post-modern discourse on identity and belonging within racial multiplicities, Strange Extrapolations attempts to illuminate the instability of static cultures, ideologies or notions of identity wherever hybridity exists. Indeed, Strange Extrapolations infers that hybridity exists everywhere in an infinite multitude of incarnations and thus remains as a permanently destabilising influence upon every human status quo

Europa. Mapas generales. Ca. 1753

Cada hoja aparece indicada en el margen o en la parte inferior de la hoja correspondiente: [Hoja 1]: 7. Europa 1 T.; [hoja 2]: 8. Europa 2 T. ; [hoja 3] 9. Europa 3 T.; `hoja 4]: 10. Europa 4 T.Escala expresada también en otras unidadesOrientado con rosa con lis en cada una de las hojas. Márgenes graduados. Dibujados meridianos y paralelos formando cuadrícula. En la hoja primera mención al meridiano de la Isla de Hierro: "Primvs per Insulam Ferri transiens". Relieve muy destacado representado por montes de perfil y sombreado. Hidrografía . La costa sombreada con un fino rayado. Abundante toponimia. Divisiones territoriales del continente delimitadas por líneas de puntosTítulo en la hoja primeraMención de responsabilidad basada en la información del librero y en el sitio web http://www.garwood-voigt.com/catalogues/eurocont.htmMapa probablemente perteneciente a: "Atlas Geographicus" para la Real Academia Prusiana de Ciencias y Literatura situada en Berlín entre los años 1753 y 1760Datos del área de publicación tomados de las fuentes antes indicadasCada hoja mide 31 x 37 cm en h. de 37 x 45 cmMapa iluminado a la aguada. Divisiones administrativas diferenciadas en colores diferentesCartela del título en forma de cornucopia decorada con adornos vegetales en el ángulo superior izquierdo de la hoja primera. Escalas en cornucopia en el ángulo inferior derecho de la hoja que corresponde al número