Modelagem hidrológica em uma bacia hidrográfica rural na Alemanha

O uso de modelagem eco hidrológica em estudos de balanço hídrico, descarga de sedimentos e de nutrientes tem aumentado em todo o mundo. Importante na modelagem é a calibração e validação do modelo para que possa ser usado como ferramenta de estudo de mudança de cenários de uso e manejo. O objetivo deste estudo é calibrar e validar o modelo SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) e estimar os principais componentes da vazão do rio em uma bacia de planície rural. Foi investigada uma área de 462 km² da parte superior da bacia hidrográfica do rio Stör, localizada no norte da Alemanha. Os resultados da modelagem revelaram boa performance da calibração e validação da vazão diária do rio em três estações de medição da bacia Stör superior. De acordo com o modelo SWAT, os componentes da vazão são representados por 34,3% de fluxo de drenagem, 52,8% de fluxo de águas subterrâneas, de 7,7% de fluxo lateral e 5,2% de fluxo de escoamento superficial de água nesta bacia hidrográfica de planície.El uso de modelado eco-hidrológico en estudios de balance hídrico, descarga de sedimentos y de nutrientes ha aumentado en todo el mundo. Importante en el modelado es la calibración y validación del modelo para que pueda ser utilizado como herramienta de estudio de cambio de escenarios de uso y manejo. El objetivo de este estudio es calibrar y validar el modelo SWAT (Soil and WaterAssessment Tool) y estimar los principales componentes del caudal del río en una cuenca de llanura rural. Se investigó un área de 462 km² de la parte superior de la cuenca hidrográfica del río Stör, ubicada en el norte de Alemania. Los resultados de la modelaje revelaron un buen desempeño de la calibración y validación del flujo diario del río en tres estaciones de medición de la cuenca Stör superior. De acuerdo con el modelo SWAT, los componentes del caudal son representados por el 34,3% de flujo de drenaje, el 52,8% de flujo de agua subterránea, el 7,7% de flujo lateral y el 5,2% de flujo superficial de agua en esta cuenca hidrográfica de llanura.The use of ecohydrological modeling in studies of water balance, sediment and nutrient load is increasing worldwide. Important in modeling is a good calibration and validation of the model in order to use it as a tool to study land use change. The aim of this study is to calibrate and validate the model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and to estimate the main components of river discharge in a rural lowland catchment. 462 km² of the upper part of the Stör catchment, located in Northern Germany was investigated. The results of modeling showed a good performance for calibration and validation of daily discharge at three gauging stations of the upper Stör catchment. SWAT calibration shows that discharge components are represented by 34.3% of drainage, 52.8% of groundwater flow, 7.7% of lateral flow and 5.2% of surface runoff in this rural lowland catchment

The EHA Research Roadmap : Malignant Lymphoid Diseases

Peer reviewe

X-chromosome and kidney function:evidence from a multi-trait genetic analysis of 908,697 individuals reveals sex-specific and sex-differential findings in genes regulated by androgen response elements

X-chromosomal genetic variants are understudied but can yield valuable insights into sexually dimorphic human traits and diseases. We performed a sex-stratified cross-ancestry X-chromosome-wide association meta-analysis of seven kidney-related traits (n = 908,697), identifying 23 loci genome-wide significantly associated with two of the traits: 7 for uric acid and 16 for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), including four novel eGFR loci containing the functionally plausible prioritized genes ACSL4, CLDN2, TSPAN6 and the female-specific DRP2. Further, we identified five novel sex-interactions, comprising male-specific effects at FAM9B and AR/EDA2R, and three sex-differential findings with larger genetic effect sizes in males at DCAF12L1 and MST4 and larger effect sizes in females at HPRT1. All prioritized genes in loci showing significant sex-interactions were located next to androgen response elements (ARE). Five ARE genes showed sex-differential expressions. This study contributes new insights into sex-dimorphisms of kidney traits along with new prioritized gene targets for further molecular research.</p

Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Tranexamic acid reduces surgical bleeding and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma. Meta-analyses of small trials show that tranexamic acid might decrease deaths from gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: We did an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 164 hospitals in 15 countries. Patients were enrolled if the responsible clinician was uncertain whether to use tranexamic acid, were aged above the minimum age considered an adult in their country (either aged 16 years and older or aged 18 years and older), and had significant (defined as at risk of bleeding to death) upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients were randomly assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Patients received either a loading dose of 1 g tranexamic acid, which was added to 100 mL infusion bag of 0·9% sodium chloride and infused by slow intravenous injection over 10 min, followed by a maintenance dose of 3 g tranexamic acid added to 1 L of any isotonic intravenous solution and infused at 125 mg/h for 24 h, or placebo (sodium chloride 0·9%). Patients, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation; analysis excluded patients who received neither dose of the allocated treatment and those for whom outcome data on death were unavailable. This trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN11225767, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01658124. Findings: Between July 4, 2013, and June 21, 2019, we randomly allocated 12 009 patients to receive tranexamic acid (5994, 49·9%) or matching placebo (6015, 50·1%), of whom 11 952 (99·5%) received the first dose of the allocated treatment. Death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation occurred in 222 (4%) of 5956 patients in the tranexamic acid group and in 226 (4%) of 5981 patients in the placebo group (risk ratio [RR] 0·99, 95% CI 0·82–1·18). Arterial thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction or stroke) were similar in the tranexamic acid group and placebo group (42 [0·7%] of 5952 vs 46 [0·8%] of 5977; 0·92; 0·60 to 1·39). Venous thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) were higher in tranexamic acid group than in the placebo group (48 [0·8%] of 5952 vs 26 [0·4%] of 5977; RR 1·85; 95% CI 1·15 to 2·98). Interpretation: We found that tranexamic acid did not reduce death from gastrointestinal bleeding. On the basis of our results, tranexamic acid should not be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding outside the context of a randomised trial

Sustainability Agenda for the Pantanal Wetland: Perspectives on a Collaborative Interface for Science, Policy, and Decision-Making.

Building bridges between environmental and political agendas is essential nowadays in face of the increasing human pressure on natural environments, including wetlands. Wetlands provide critical ecosystem services for humanity and can generate a considerable direct or indirect income to the local communities. To meet many of the sustainable development goals, we need to move our trajectory from the current environmental destructive development to a wiser wetland use. The current article contain a proposed agenda for the Pantanal aiming the improvement of public policy for conservation in the Pantanal, one of the largest, most diverse, and continuous inland wetland in the world. We suggest and discuss a list of 11 essential interfaces between science, policy, and development in region linked to the proposed agenda. We believe that a functional science network can booster the collaborative capability to generate creative ideas and solutions to address the big challenges faced by the Pantanal wetland

Best management practices to reduce nitrate pollution in a rural watershed in Germany

<div><p>Abstract Water pollution by nitrogen originates at diffuse and point sources. In surface aquatic systems, nitrate is one of the most problematic forms of nitrogen, causing phytoplankton and macrophyte growth and consequently water eutrophication. This study evaluated whether the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model can simulate nitrate load in a rural watershed in daily and monthly time increments. The study investigated 462 km² of the upper part of the Stör catchment, a typical rural lowland catchment located in Northern Germany. The results showed that simulations of nitrate load at monthly increments are better predictors of observed data than daily simulations. The most effective practices to minimize the NO3-N load were the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application and the increasing of conservation areas, such as field filter strips.</p></div

Best management practices to reduce nitrate pollution in a rural watershed in Germany

<div><p>Abstract Water pollution by nitrogen originates at diffuse and point sources. In surface aquatic systems, nitrate is one of the most problematic forms of nitrogen, causing phytoplankton and macrophyte growth and consequently water eutrophication. This study evaluated whether the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model can simulate nitrate load in a rural watershed in daily and monthly time increments. The study investigated 462 km² of the upper part of the Stör catchment, a typical rural lowland catchment located in Northern Germany. The results showed that simulations of nitrate load at monthly increments are better predictors of observed data than daily simulations. The most effective practices to minimize the NO3-N load were the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application and the increasing of conservation areas, such as field filter strips.</p></div

Temporal variability of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in a German catchment: water sampling implication

Daily time series were used to verify the temporal variability and to characterize the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) pollution in a 462 km² catchment of the Stör river, a typical rural lowland catchment in Germany. Also, this study aimed to identify the best sampling frequency of pollution by N and P. Total phosphorus (TP), soluble orthophosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P), particulate-phosphorus (PP), total nitrogen (TN), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) and total suspended sediment (TSS) were analysed. Daily monitoring from August 8, 2009 until August 10, 2011 was conducted with an automatic water sampler at the outlet of the catchment. The results show a seasonal variability of water quality parameters with more N and P concentration in winter. PP represents the major part of P and it is highly dependent on TSS. NO3-N constitutes the major part of N. Autocorrelation analysis was successfully applied to characterize the N and P pollution in the Upper River Stör. The water sampling for N and P monitoring must be different, N can be sampled biweekly or monthly, while P must be sampled with more frequency, weekly or biweekly