The Cinema and Real Time

THE CINEMA AND REAL TIME: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE MEDIUM'S RELATION TO TIME Christian Marclay's deranged clockCHRISTIAN Marclay's The Clock (2010), the film that won the Golden Lion at this year's Venice Biennale and was quickly snapped up by a number of major galleries (including MOMA and the National Gallery of Canada) is literally a clock, or a perfect simulacra of one. Having found a clip for every minute of the day, Marclay spliced them together to form the moving-image of a 24-hour clock, which, as if to make the likeness complete, is projected in real-time. The discovery that there is an image for every minute of the day serves as a reminder that the cinema has always been concerned if not obsessed with time. However, the concern has not always been with real-time. One could even say that the cinema has always presented us with the opposite;..

On Application of the "Hot-run" Version of the ENSEMBLE System to the ECURIE Level 3 Exercise

The ENSEMBLE system has been created with the primary aim of harmonizing the information coming from the various countries and to work out a reconciled European long range atmospheric dispersion ensemble forecast. The concept of multi-model ensemble dispersion forecast consists of the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results produced by several modeling tools on the same case, to produce a composite picture that includes all contributions from the various simulations. This analysis has the advantage of taking into account all possible forecasted scenarios and to determine the level of consensus among the various modeling tools. Within ENSEMBLE the differences in atmospheric dispersion prediction become and asset as they are used to determine the forecast reliability.JRC.H.4-Transport and air qualit

Numerical weather Simulations in Support to the CCU CAML Lidar Measurements: Preliminary Results for the Case Study of 21st September 2006

The report describes a series of weather numerical mesoscale simulations performed in high resolution to understand to which extent the lidar-detected evolution of the particles distribution along the vertical could be explained by the boundary layer and/or horizontal transport processes. A particular stress was put on investigation of boundary layer parameters. The case study of 21st September was chosen for simulations, when the CCU-CAML lidar at Ispra registered quite high values of aerosols up to 1 km altitude, and the lidar revealed a descent of the highest aerosol loads towards the ground during the morning.JRC.H.4-Transport and air qualit

Analysis of UK and European NOx and VOC emission scenarios in the Defra model intercomparison exercise

This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertainSimple emission scenarios have been implemented in eight United Kingdom air quality models with the aim of assessing how these models compared when addressing whether photochemical ozone formation in southern England was NOx- or VOC-sensitive and whether ozone precursor sources in the UK or in the Rest of Europe (RoE) were the most important during July 2006. The suite of models included three Eulerian-grid models (three implementations of one of these models), a Lagrangian atmospheric dispersion model and two moving box air parcel models. The assignments as to NOx- or VOC-sensitive and to UK- versus RoE-dominant, turned out to be highly variable and often contradictory between the individual models. However, when the assignments were filtered by model performance on each day, many of the contradictions could be eliminated. Nevertheless, no one model was found to be the 'best' model on all days, indicating that no single air quality model could currently be relied upon to inform policymakers robustly in terms of NOx- versus VOC-sensitivity and UK- versus RoE-dominance on each day. It is important to maintain a diversity in model approaches.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Integration of safety in IFMIF-DONES design

The IFMIF-DONES (International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility-DEMO Oriented NEutron Source) facility is being designed with the general objective of providing irradiation of representative samples of power fusion machine materials under prototypical conditions. A linear accelerator will deliver deuterons at high intensity to circulating lithium in a loop, which will produce neutrons capable of obtaining the required damage conditions. As a result of this process, radionuclides will be produced as a by-product, which is characterized by several degrees of mobility. Shielding and radiation protection measures will be required in the facility. IFMIF-DONES will be classified as a first class radioactive facility according to national regulations, with Spain being the European candidate to site the facility. Several aspects of the main safety instructions affecting the facility’s design are explained and discussed in this pape

Perspective on Mechanism Development and Structure‐Activity Relationships for Gas‐Phase Atmospheric Chemistry

This perspective gives our views on general aspects and future directions of gas‐phase atmospheric chemical kinetic mechanism development, emphasizing on the work needed for the sustainable development of chemically detailed mechanisms that reflect current kinetic, mechanistic, and theoretical knowledge. Current and future mechanism development efforts and research needs are discussed, including software‐aided autogeneration and maintenance of kinetic models as a future‐proof approach for atmospheric model development. There is an overarching need for the evaluation and extension of structure‐activity relationships (SARs) that predict the properties and reactions of the many multifunctionalized compounds in the atmosphere that are at the core of detailed mechanisms, but for which no direct chemical data are available. Here, we discuss the experimental and theoretical data needed to support the development of mechanisms and SARs, the types of SARs relevant to atmospheric chemistry, the current status and limitations of SARs for various types of atmospheric reactions, the status of thermochemical estimates needed for mechanism development, and our outlook for the future. The authors have recently formed a SAR evaluation working group to address these issues

Multi-Model Ensembles: Metrics, Indexes, Data Assimilation and All that Jazz

We investigate the possibility of using different metrics for the evaluation of multi-model ensembles, in the attempt to find the optimal representation of the en-semble spread and bias. We present basic properties of different metrics and we discuss the consequences of applying them in atmospheric dispersion multi-model ensemble systems. We show also how we can obtain relevant information equiva-lent to different statistical treatments of an ensemble by combining the application of various metrics for calculating the ensemble spread and bias. A digression is presented on the use of the optimal combination of model results within an en-semble Kalman filter application for data assimilation.JRC.H.2-Air and Climat