The Consequences of Teenage Childbearing

We examine the effect of teenage childbearing on the adult outcomes of a sample of women who gave birth, miscarried or had an abortion as teenagers. If miscarriages are (conditionally) random, then if all miscarriages occur before teenagers can obtain abortions, using the absence of a miscarriage as an instrument for a live birth provides a consistent estimate of the effect of teenage motherhood on women who give birth. If all abortions occur before any miscarriage can occur, OLS on the sample of women who either have a live birth or miscarry provides an unbiased estimate of this effect. Under reasonable assumptions, IV underestimates and OLS overestimates the effect of teenage motherhood on adult outcomes. For a variety of outcomes, the two estimates provide a narrow bound on the effect of teenage motherhood on adult outcomes and which is relatively modest. The bounds can also be combined to provide consistent estimates of the effects of teen motherhood. These effects are generally adverse but modest.

TLC determination of functionality in prepolymers

Application of thin-layer chromatographics provides rapid qualitative determination of functional distribution in experimental prepolymer. Functionality distribution is of fundamental importance for it determines; (1) manner in which given carboxyl-terminated prepolymer will cure and (2) physical properties of resulting product

Glass transition temperatures of liquid prepolymers obtained by thermal penetrometry

Thermal penetrometry is experimental technique for detecting temperature at which frozen prepolymer becomes soft enough to be pierced by weighted penetrometer needle; temperature at which this occurs is called penetration temperature. Apparatus used to obtain penetration temperatures can be set up largely from standard parts

Assessment of a gas-solid vortex reactor for SO2/NOx adsorption from flue gas

The feasibility of performing the SO2/NOx adsorption process in a gas-solid vortex reactor (GSVR) is examined and compared with the more traditional riser technology. The multiphase reacting flow is modeled using the Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model. Models of nonreacting flows were validated using data from a bench-scale experimental setup. The GSVR has the potential to significantly improved heat/mass transfer between phases, as compared to more conventional fluidization technologies. Process intensification opportunities are investigated. The model predicts continuous removal efficiencies greater than 99% for SO2 and approximately 80% for NOx. The gas-solid slip velocity and convective mass transfer coefficient for the riser were 0.2-0.5 and 0.06-0.12 m/s, respectively, whereas the values for the GSVR were 6-7 and 1.0-1.1 m/s, respectively. This order of magnitude increase in the external mass transfer coefficient highlights the potential intensification opportunities provided by the GSVR

Role-Play Simulations and System Dynamics for Sustainability Solutions around Dams in New England

Research has shown that much of the science produced does not make its way to the decision-making table. This leads to a gap between scientific and societal progress, which is problematic. This study tests a novel science-based negotiation simulation that integrates role-play simulations (RPSs) with a system dynamic model (SDM). In RPSs, stakeholders engage in a mock decision-making process (reflecting real-life institutional arrangements and scientific knowledge) for a set period. By playing an assigned role (different from the participant’s real-life role), participants have a safe space to learn about each other’s perspectives, develop shared understanding about a complex issue, and collaborate on solving that issue. System Dynamic Models (SDMs) are visual tools used to simulate the interactions and feedback with a complex system. We test the integration of the two approaches toward problem-solving with real stakeholders in New Hampshire and Rhode Island via a series of two consecutive workshops in each state. The workshops are intended to engage representatives from diverse groups who are interested in dam related issues to foster dialogue, learning, and creativity. Participants will discuss a hypothetical (yet realistic) dam-decision scenario to consider scientific information and explore dam management options that meet one another\u27s interests. In the first workshop participants will contribute to the design of the fictionalized dam decision scenario and the SDM, for which we have presented drafts based on a literature review, stakeholder interviews, and expert knowledge. In the second workshop, participants will assume another representative\u27s role and discuss dam management options for the fictionalized scenario. We will report results related to the effectiveness to which this new knowledge production process leads to more innovative and collaborative decision-making around New England dams

Effects of Socioeconomic Status on English Language Learners\u27 Success in School

This research paper focuses on the effects of socioeconomic status on English language learners\u27 overall success in school. The aspects of success discussed in this paper pertain to academics, social-emotional learning, and home practices, beliefs, and environments. Most English language learner students come from low socioeconomic status households and enter school with little to no English proficiency. This puts them at a much higher risk of developing academic struggles because of the need for more resources and opportunities, on top of acquiring a new language. They are also more likely to develop emotional and behavioral problems because of internalized behaviors such as anxiety and isolation because of home stressors, a new language, discrimination, and inequities in school. Five major themes emerged while doing this research: reading proficiency, language development, home practices, social-emotional learning, and success in math. Three guiding questions that led to the research for this paper are discussed throughout the paper and are explicitly answered in the discussion of findings. Keywords: English language learners, socioeconomic status, academic achievement, social-emotional learning, home practice

Lead optimization of tubulin inhibitor for cancer treatment

Tubulin-containing structures are important for many important cellular functions, including chromosome segregation during cell division, development and maintenance of cell shape, cell motility, and distribution of molecules on cell membranes. The rapid growth of cancer cells makes them very sensitive to the disruption of tubulin polymerization/depolymerization. Taxol (paclitaxel), a tubulin inhibitor approved by the FDA in 1992 for cancer treatment, is one of the most powerful chemotherapeutic agents. However, the low water solubility and drug resistance limits its clinical application. Various effort in drug discovery field focuses on more water soluble smaller molecular tubulin inhibitors. Our previous study led to the discovery of tubulin inhibitors with IC50s below 1nM to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, and these compounds have much small molecular weight than Taxol. In addition, our compounds showed promising in vivo anti-cancer activity as well. To further improve the druggable characteristics of our drug candidates, we focus on the ligand efficiency of these compounds in the current proposed study. A series of new analogs were designed and synthesized, and their structures were elucidated with NMR spectrum. Their anti-cancer activity was determined with breast cancer cell lines. Several new compounds exhibited promising anti-cancer activity.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2015/1017/thumbnail.jp