SILVER NANOPARTICLES FOR ENHANCEMENT OF ACCUMULATION OF CAPSAICIN IN SUSPENSION CULTURE OF CAPSICUM SP.

Secondary metabolites can be very important chemicals for the development of plants. The secondary metabolite in this study is obtained from capsicum. Capsaicin is industrially very important due to its wide use range. Thestudy involved is the use of silver nanoparticles for elicitation of levels of capsaicin. Mediums with different hormonal combinations were prepared and growth was studied using qualitative analysis using iodine fumes, Gibbs Reagent and quantitative analysisusing Phosphomolybdic Acid Method and Folin- Ciocalteu method. This brings down a conclusion that the nanoparticles acted as an elicitor and brought about capsaicin increase effectively. Extraction of the metabolite from these natural sources also prove easier and the product can be obtained in a much purified form

Endothermic reaction for Veerya analysis of Patranga (Caesalpinia sappan linn.) - An Experimental Study

Background: Patranga (Caesalpinia Sappan Linn.) is having Kashaya, Tikta, Madhura Rasa, Ruksha Guna, SheetaVeerya, Katu Vipaka, Kapha Pitta Shamaka. Kaiyadeva Nighantu mentions it under Chandanadi Varga and is useful in diseases like Vrana (wound) and Daha (burning sensation). Among Rasa, Guna, Veerya, Vipaka, Karma- Veerya is important factor in deciding therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Veerya means the potency of a Dravya which enables the Dravya to show its action. It is considered as the active principle of a Dravya. If the potency of the drug is less, it results in poor therapeutic action. So Veerya of the drug plays important role in Ayurvedic treatment principles. Objective: To analyze the Veerya of the drug by endothermic reactions. Materials and Methods: An experimental trial is done to decide the Veerya of Patranga (Caesalpinia Sappan Linn.) by using endothermic Veerya analysis method. Result: Patranga (Caesalpinia Sappan Linn.) being Sheeta Veerya Dravya shown endothermic reaction when mixed in water. Conclusion: Endothermic chemical reactions occur which reduce temperature. The theory behind decrease in the temperature can be stated due to Sheeta Veeryata of the Dravya

Effectiveness and safety of intravenous ferric carboxy maltose in anaemic women attending gynecological unit

Background: Anaemia is a significant problem worldwide, particularly in women. Several intravenous iron preparations are available for the treatment of anaemia. Some of them cause life-threatening anaphylactic reactions while others require multiple small infusions to prevent iron reactions. Ferric carboxy maltose (FCM), a non-dextran intravenous iron, is safe and effective option that can be administered as single high dose without serious adverse effects.Methods: A prospective study was undertaken in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Adichunchungiri institute of medical sciences, B G Nagara, from August 2020 to November 2021 in which 50 cases with iron deficiency anaemia were enrolled. IV FCM 1g was given. Change in the laboratory parameters such as haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular value, serum ferritin levels over a 4 weeks period were observed.Results: A significant increase in mean Hb from 8.14 to 11.71 g was observed in patients treated with FCM after 4 weeks of therapy. Majority belonged to age group of 21-30 years and moderate type of anaemia was most common. No serious drug reaction was reported.Conclusions: IV FCM is safe and effective option for improving Hb in iron deficiency anaemia, in terms of restoring iron stores in short duration of time as well as patient compliance

Empirical Analysis of Production and Productivity of Indian Spices

The aim of this paper is to compare the growth rate in the production as well as productivity of the King and Queen of spices i.e., Black Pepper and Cardamom in two states, Kerala and Karnataka which are the leading producers of spices in India, the paper makes use of secondary data. the article highlights that the spice growers are switching their crops from pepper to cardamom and other plants. This can be caused by the reduction in productivity of pepper, and also in general, pepper cannot be grown as cardamom or paddy again on the same piece of land. Besides, the pepper price fluctuation is smaller than cardamom and other crops. However, the decrease in pepper productivity is above the degree of pepper price stability and this study highlights the plantation sector, more specifically, spices which contribute largely to the Indian economy, and which is often an underutilized sector despite its vast potential

Diversity of regulatory T cells in various immuno-physiological conditions

Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an active role in abrogating immune responses during microbial infections and are thus essential to maintain immune homeostasis and self-tolerance. Aberrant expression of Tregs can lead to spectrum of manifestations from allergy, chronic infections to immunopathological conditions such as autoimmunity and cancer. It is critical to have a clear understanding about the Tregs biology before attempting any possible interventions in humans. This study was undertaken to analyze the differential expression of Tregs in various physiological conditions.Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were extracted from normal human subjects (n=30), pregnant females (n=10), cord blood (n=10) and patients with various immunopathological conditions such as cancer (newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, n=10), autoimmune conditions such as (type 1 diabetes mellitus-T1DM, Hashimoto’s disorder, and other autoimmune disorders, n=10 each) and in donor grafts (n=10) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Flow cytometry was performed to detect CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Tregs and CD4+CD25+CD127dim/-Tregs.Results: The levels of Tregs was found to be were significantly higher in cord blood from newborn infants, patients with T1DM and Hashimoto’s disorder. In addition, the difference in Tregs level in pregnant females, patients with stem cell transplants, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and other autoimmune disorders were not significant.Conclusions: Till date, no comparative study was available about the status of Tregs population in normal and different physiological conditions from India. This is the first preliminary quantitative analysis of association of Tregs with different disorders. A clear cognizance of Tregs biology among various physiological conditions will be vital for targeting of these cells for any possible therapeutic modalities

Auditory Measures of Attention & Working Memory in Children with Learning Disability & Typically Developing Children

Learning disability is a general term that describes specific kinds of learning problems. Children with learning disability have deficits in selective attention and working memory. It is believed that difficulties in working memory will influence the ability to attend to a task. The present study was done to investigate and compare the performances of children with learning disability and typically developing children in tasks evaluating auditory aspects of selective attention, divided attention and working memory capacity. 19 children with age range 10 to 14 years participated in the study. Typically developing children group consisted of 10 participants. Learning disability group consisted of 9 children. Dichotic Listening test, auditory stroop task and Digit Backward Recall task were the tests used for assessment of selective attention, divided attention and working memory capacity. Repeated measures of ANOVA was performed to investigate the effects of group (learning disability group and typically developing children group) and ear (Directed Right, directed left and free listening) in dichotic listening task. The test result showed significant main effect of group and ear as well as children in both the groups performed best for directed right condition of directed left task followed by free listening and directed left condition. Independent ‘t’ test results  revealed that there was a significant differences in stroop reaction time, digit backward recall and stroop score.  In conclusion typically developing children performed better than that of children with learning disability in both tasks. Keywords: learning disability, typically, childre

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibitory Therapy for Non-Infectious Autoimmune Uveitis

Biologic agents represent a mainstay in the treatment of refractory non-infectious, immune-mediated uveitis. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in inducing and sustaining disease remission in numerous systemic inflammatory disorders and their associated uveitic entities. In particular, studies have shown that infliximab and adalimumab can induce steroid-free disease remission in patients with Behçet’s disease and juvenile arthritis as treatments that are superior to conventional disease-modifying immunosuppressive agents. Patients receiving anti-TNF-α therapy may experience adverse events and should be closely monitored for the development of opportunistic infections, reactivation of tuberculosis and hepatitis, demyelinating disease and neuropathies, as well as malignancies

EFFICACY OF SIMPLE BLEACH DIGESTION OF SPUTUM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS BY MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION

  Objective: Rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) depends on microscopic examination of sputum smear for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). The direct microscopy examination lacks sensitivity. It needs at least 10,000 AFB/ml of sputum to observe in the smear. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of three different short-term bleach digestions and concentration of sputum in the diagnosis of PTB.Methods: A total of 171 sputum samples collected from patients suspected of having pulmonary TB were used. Direct smear was prepared using each sample and then divided into three parts to which equal volume of 5% bleach was added. The first part was kept at room temperature for 45 minutes with intermittent shaking. The second part was allowed to stand at room temperature for 45 minutes for sedimentation, and the third part was kept at room temperature for 45 minutes and then centrifuged at 3000 g for 15 minutes for deposit formation. Smears were prepared and stained with Ziehl-Neelsen method and observed for AFB using Revised National TB Control Programme Guidelines.Results: Out of 171 sputum samples, 45 (26.32%), 48 (28.07%), 49 (28.65%), and 55 (32.16%) of specimens were positive by direct, bleach digested mixed method, bleach digested sedimented method, and centrifugation method, respectively. The background of the bleach digested sputum smears was clear.Conclusion: Short-term bleach digestion of sputum improves the sensitivity of microscopic examination and the number of AFB observed in the smear. Bleach being a disinfectant kills AFB and makes handling of sputum safer

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio