La connaissance des notions premières selon Avicenne, Thomas d'Aquin et Jean Duns Scot

Ce travail examine et analyse les positions d'Avicenne, Thomas d'Aquin et Duns Scot concernant la connaissance des notions premières, à la lumière de leurs arguments pour cette position et de leurs autres engagements théoriques, en particulier aristotéliciens. Chacun à sa façon, ces philosophes affirment que l'étant ou l'existant est ce premier concept. Ils lui donnent une primauté logique, au sens où l'étant est présupposé par nos autres concepts. Ils lui donnent aussi une primauté cognitive, au sens où il est le premier objet à être conçu par l'intellect.This work reviews and analyzes a view shared by Avicenna, Thomas Aquinas, and John Duns Scotus concerning the primary notions, examining their arguments in the light of their other philosophical commitments, especially Aristotelian ones. Each in their own way, these philosophers claim that being is this primary notion. Being has a twofold priority. In the logical order, being is presupposed by all other notions. In the cognitive order, being is the first conceived by the intellect

Perceptions of U.S. and Canadian maple syrup producers toward climate change, its impacts, and potential adaptation measures

The production of maple syrup is an important cultural and economic activity directly related to the climate of northeastern North America. As a result, there are signs that climate change could have negative impacts on maple syrup production in the next decades, particularly for regions located at the southern margins of the sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) range. The purpose of this survey study is to present the beliefs and opinions of maple syrup producers of Canada (N = 241) and the U.S. (N = 113) on climate change in general, its impacts on sugar maple health and maple syrup production, and potential adaptation measures. Using conditional inference classification trees, we examined how the socio-economic profile of respondents and the geographic location and size of respondents’ sugar bushes shaped the responses of survey participants. While a majority (75%) of respondents are confident that the average temperature on Earth is increasing, less than half (46%) believe that climate change will have negative impacts on maple syrup yield in the next 30 years. Political view was a significant predictor of these results, with respondents at the right right and center-right of the political spectrum being less likely to believe in climate change and less likely to anticipate negative effects of climate change on maple syrup production. In addition, 77% of the participants indicated an interest in adopting adaptation strategies if those could increase maple syrup production. This interest was greater for respondents using vacuum tubing for sap collection than other collection methods. However, for many respondents (particularly in Canada), lack of information was identified as a constraint limiting adaptation to climate change.SL and AP were partly funded by the CICan Career-Launcher Internship program. AA was supported by Spanish Government through the Juan de la Cierva fellowship program (IJCI- 2016-30049)

La passion sportive chez des entraineurs universitaires québécois : définition, développement et maintien

Cette recherche porte sur la passion sportive des entraineurs universitaires québécois. Le terme « passion » fait partie du vocabulaire sportif depuis toujours, mais peu d’entraineurs et d’athlètes sont conscients de son développement et de son maintien dans le temps. Il semble donc que la passion sportive est un sujet dont la compréhension doit encore être peaufinée puisque rares sont les recherches qui ont tenté de cerner la passion de l’entraineur et de l’impact que celle-ci peut avoir sur lui-même et son équipe. Les objectifs de l’étude consistent à définir la passion de l’entraineur et à découvrir comment elle se développe et se maintient. La méthodologie utilisée est de type qualitatif/interprétatif, et dix entrevues semi-structurées ont permis aux entraineurs universitaires de s’exprimer sur la passion sportive. Les résultats démontrent que la notion de temps et d’énergie est présente dans la définition de la passion sportive des entraineurs. Enfin, le développement et le maintien de la passion sportive des entraineurs semblent être favorisés par la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques de compétence, d’autonomie et d’appartenance. This study addresses passion for sports among university-level coaches in Quebec. The term “passion” has been a part of the vocabulary in sports contexts for years, however, not many coaches and athletes are aware of how they become and stay passionate throughout the years. In fact, only a few studies have sought to better understand coaches’ passion and the impact it can have on them and their team. The objectives of the present study were to define passion among coaches as well as to describe how it develops and how the coaches maintain it throughout many seasons. A qualitative/interpretative methodology was employed and semi-structured interviews were carried out with 10 university-level coaches. Results were interpreted through the Dualistic Model of Passion. The results show that the notions of time and energy are present in the coaches’ definition. Finally, it appears that the development and maintenance of coaches’ passion are associated with the satisfaction of the psychological needs for competence, autonomy and relatedness

Perceptions of U.S. and Canadian maple syrup producers toward climate change, its impacts, and potential adaptation measures

The production of maple syrup is an important cultural and economic activity directly related to the climate of northeastern North America. As a result, there are signs that climate change could have negative impacts on maple syrup production in the next decades, particularly for regions located at the southern margins of the sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) range. The purpose of this survey study is to present the beliefs and opinions of maple syrup producers of Canada (N = 241) and the U.S. (N = 113) on climate change in general, its impacts on sugar maple health and maple syrup production, and potential adaptation measures. Using conditional inference classification trees, we examined how the socio-economic profile of respondents and the geographic location and size of respondents’ sugar bushes shaped the responses of survey participants. While a majority (75%) of respondents are confident that the average temperature on Earth is increasing, less than half (46%) believe that climate change will have negative impacts on maple syrup yield in the next 30 years. Political view was a significant predictor of these results, with respondents at the right right and center-right of the political spectrum being less likely to believe in climate change and less likely to anticipate negative effects of climate change on maple syrup production. In addition, 77% of the participants indicated an interest in adopting adaptation strategies if those could increase maple syrup production. This interest was greater for respondents using vacuum tubing for sap collection than other collection methods. However, for many respondents (particularly in Canada), lack of information was identified as a constraint limiting adaptation to climate change