Features and Possibilities for Optimizing Farm Milk Production in Serbia

Milk production in Serbia is organized on farms of different capacities that mutually vary in relation to agro-ecological, zootechnical and production conditions. The aim of this paper is to present a part of the most important results that have been obtained so far, in the implementation of the project “Optimization of technological procedures and zootehnical resources on farms with the goal to upgrade sustainability of milk production”. The results that are presented relate to the most important features of farm cow milk production in Serbia, as well as the possibility for optimization of the most important technological procedures and zootechnical resources on which milk production is based. The structure of dairy farms in Serbia, in terms of size and number of animals, is not satisfactory, because the predominated types are small and medium scale farms. However, there are numerous possibilities for optimization of farm and zootechnical conditions and resources in order to improve the sustainability of milk production. These possibilities can be divided into optimizing selection and breeding methods, optimizing nutrition manners and physical form of forage and complete meals in the nutrition of dairy cows, optimizing housing conditions, welfare and health care in order to improve the sustainability of milk production, as well as optimizing milking and handling the milk after milking

Образовательный потенциал городов – университетских центров России как фактор повышения их конкурентоспособности

The current stage of the country development is characterized by increasing the role of universities not only in the educational and public space of the country, but also in the socio-economic advancement of cities and regions. Universities forming the educational potential of the cities are flagships of their technological transformation, form the city brand, increase their sustainability, lifeabitity and competitiveness. The aim of the study is the typologization of cities – university centers of Russia, carried out with the help of a comprehensive index of educational potential developed by the authors. The statistical base for assessing the educational potential of cities was the data of the Monitoring of the effectiveness of the educational institutions of higher education in 2022, university rankings of the British company Quacquarelli Symonds (integral QS ranking and 5 integrated areas of study), RA-Expert (integrated and individual in 29 areas of study), the Three Missions of the University rating, and the University Reputation Ranking.The study was carried in 3 stages, each of them involved special methodological approaches. At the first stage, there was a review of existing theoretical and practical research on the subject, the integrated index of the educational potential of university centers was developed. At the second stage of the study on the bases of this index a typology of university centers of the Russian Federation was carried out. At the third stage, there was a comparation of the previous results with their positions in the Sustainable Urban Development Index and realization of creative potential. The implementation of educational potential of the most sustainable competitive university centers was separately analyzed in the context of the strategy of internationalization and export of education.National project “Science and Universities” aimed at formation of 100 universities as centers of scientific, technological and socio-economic development by 2030, as well as the program for the construction of 25 world-level modern campuses increase attention to cities as centers of localization of higher education, their educational potential, and, ultimately, their competitiveness.The scientific importance of the research is the development of methodological approaches to assessing the educational potential of cities – university centers and its testing on the example of 1208 universities located in 306 cities of 84 regions of Russia. As a result, a typology of Russian university centers was carried out according to the level of educational potential: 6 types of cities were identified, differing in the city-forming role of higher educational institutions, their role in brand formation and the competitiveness of the city.The typology makes it possible to assess the educational potential of university centers in Russia to form effective strategies for their development in the context of the realizing the national development goals of Russia.Современный этап развития страны характеризуется повышением роли университетов не только в образовательном пространстве страны, но и в социально-экономическом развитии городов и регионов. Высшие учебные заведения, формирующие образовательный потенциал городов, являются флагманами их технологической трансформации, формируют бренд городов, повышают их устойчивость, жизнестойкость и конкурентоспособность. Целью настоящего исследования является типологизация городов – университетских центров России, проведённая с помощью разработанного авторами комплексного индекса образовательного потенциала. Статистической базой для оценки образовательного потенциала городов стали данные Мониторинга эффективности деятельности образовательных организаций высшего образования 2022 г., рейтинги университетов британской компании Quacquarelli Symonds (интегральный рейтинг QS и пять укрупнённых направлений подготовки), РА-Эксперт (интегральный и отдельные по 29 направлениям подготовки), рейтинг «Три миссии университета», Репутационный рейтинг университетов. Исследование проводилось в три этапа, каждый из которых предполагал особые методологические подходы. На первом этапе – был проведён обзор существующих теоретических и практических исследований по тематике и разработан комплексный индекс образовательного потенциала городов – университетских центров, с помощью которого на втором этапе исследования была проведена типология университетских городов РФ, различающихся по уровню образовательного потенциала. На третьем этапе исследования было проведено сопоставление полученных ранее результатов с показателями устойчивого развития и реализации их креативного потенциала. Отдельно была проанализирована реализация образовательного потенциала наиболее устойчивыми и конкурентоспособными городами – университетскими центрами, в контексте реализации стратегии интернационализации и экспорта образования. Национальный проект «Наука и университеты», предполагающий формирование к 2030 г. ста университетов как центров научного, технологического и социально-экономического развития, а также программа строительства 25 современных кампусов мирового уровня усиливают внимание к городам как центрам локализации высшего образования, к реализации их образовательного потенциала, и в конечном счёте, к их устойчивости и конкурентоспособности. Научная новизна заключается в разработке методических подходов к оценке образовательного потенциала городов – университетских центров и её апробации на примере 1208 университетов, расположенных в 306 городах в 84 регионах РФ. В результате проведена типология университетских центров России по уровню образовательного потенциала: выделено шесть типов городов, различающихся по градообразующей роли высших учебных заведений, их роли в формировании бренда и конкурентоспособности города. Проведённая типология позволяет оценивать образовательный потенциал городов – университетских центров, формировать эффективные стратегии их развития в контексте реализации национальных целей развития РФ

Analiza ukupnog brojnog stanja goveda u Republici Srbiji

This paperpresents an analysis ofthe totalof number ofcattle inthe Republic of Serbiashowing of indexnumerical stateover the past yearswith the current state(on 22December2015). Fora comparison ofpastandcurrentnumerical statewere useddata are availableon the website ofthe statistical databaseon Food and Agriculture Organization (FAOSTAT), Serbian Chamber of Commerce(PKS), the Republic Statistical Office(RZS) andthe Central Database(AIR). Comparing the review of index number of cattle in the Republic of Serbia from 2006 to 2014 with the current state of 956.268 cattle we may notice a slight increase in numerical strength that is decreased markedly in the period from 2010 to 2014.U radu je predstavljena analiza ukupnog brojnog stanja goveda u Republici Srbiji indeksnim prikazom brojnog stanja proteklih godina sa trenutnim stanjem (dana 22. decembra 2015. godine).Za komparaciju proteklog i trenutnog brojnog stanja goveda korišćeni su podaci dostupni na sajtu statističke baze podataka FAOSTAT,Privredne komore Srbije (PKS), Republičkog zavoda za statistiku (RZS) i Centralne baze podataka (AIR).Komparacijom indeksnog prikaza ukupnog brojnog stanja goveda u Republici Srbiji od 2006. do 2014. godine sa trenutnim stanjem od 956.268 grla može se uočiti blagporast ukupnog brojnog stanja, koji je primetno opao u periodu od 2010. do 2014. godine

Determination of steroid estrogens in wastewater by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

This paper discusses the requirement for, and presents an analytical procedure for, the determination of four unconjugated steroid hormones and a conjugated steroid (estrone-3-sulfate) in wastewaters. The method quantifies the steroids by LC/MS/MS following solid phase extraction and a two stage clean-up procedure. Samples were extracted using C18 cartridges and eluates were then purified by gel permeation chromatography, followed by a further clean-up step on an aminopropyl cartridge. The limits of detection achieved were 0.2 ng l-1 for estriol, 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol, and 0.1 ng l-1 for estrone and the conjugate. The robustness of the method was demonstrated by achieving recoveries of >83% for all steroids in settled sewage and final effluent samples with relative standard deviations of 0.5 - 12%. The method was used to analyse a range of samples from a wastewater treatment works in south east England which demonstrated a >80% removal for estrone, estradiol and estriol with little impact on concentrations of ethinylestradiol or the conjugate

Update on the correlation of the highest energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic matter

Data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory through 31 August 2007 showed evidence for anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min energy threshold, \nobreak{$6\times 10^{19}$eV}. The anisotropy was measured by the fraction of arrival directions that are less than $3.1^\circ$ from the position of an active galactic nucleus within 75 Mpc (using the V\'eron-Cetty and V\'eron $12^{\rm th}$ catalog). An updated measurement of this fraction is reported here using the arrival directions of cosmic rays recorded above the same energy threshold through 31 December 2009. The number of arrival directions has increased from 27 to 69, allowing a more precise measurement. The correlating fraction is $(38^{+7}_{-6})$, compared with $21$ expected for isotropic cosmic rays. This is down from the early estimate of $(69^{+11}_{-13})$. The enlarged set of arrival directions is examined also in relation to other populations of nearby extragalactic objects: galaxies in the 2 Microns All Sky Survey and active galactic nuclei detected in hard X-rays by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope. A celestial region around the position of the radiogalaxy Cen A has the largest excess of arrival directions relative to isotropic expectations. The 2-point autocorrelation function is shown for the enlarged set of arrival directions and compared to the isotropic expectation.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics on 31 August 201

The Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory is a hybrid detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It combines a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level together with a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The fluorescence detector comprises 24 large telescopes specialized for measuring the nitrogen fluorescence caused by charged particles of cosmic ray air showers. In this paper we describe the components of the fluorescence detector including its optical system, the design of the camera, the electronics, and the systems for relative and absolute calibration. We also discuss the operation and the monitoring of the detector. Finally, we evaluate the detector performance and precision of shower reconstructions.Comment: 53 pages. Submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section

Advanced functionality for radio analysis in the Offline software framework of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The advent of the Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) necessitates the development of a powerful framework for the analysis of radio measurements of cosmic ray air showers. As AERA performs "radio-hybrid" measurements of air shower radio emission in coincidence with the surface particle detectors and fluorescence telescopes of the Pierre Auger Observatory, the radio analysis functionality had to be incorporated in the existing hybrid analysis solutions for fluoresence and surface detector data. This goal has been achieved in a natural way by extending the existing Auger Offline software framework with radio functionality. In this article, we lay out the design, highlights and features of the radio extension implemented in the Auger Offline framework. Its functionality has achieved a high degree of sophistication and offers advanced features such as vectorial reconstruction of the electric field, advanced signal processing algorithms, a transparent and efficient handling of FFTs, a very detailed simulation of detector effects, and the read-in of multiple data formats including data from various radio simulation codes. The source code of this radio functionality can be made available to interested parties on request.Comment: accepted for publication in NIM A, 13 pages, minor corrections to author list and references in v

Search for First Harmonic Modulation in the Right Ascension Distribution of Cosmic Rays Detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory

We present the results of searches for dipolar-type anisotropies in different energy ranges above $2.5\times 10^{17}$ eV with the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory, reporting on both the phase and the amplitude measurements of the first harmonic modulation in the right-ascension distribution. Upper limits on the amplitudes are obtained, which provide the most stringent bounds at present, being below 2% at 99% $C.L.$ for EeV energies. We also compare our results to those of previous experiments as well as with some theoretical expectations.Comment: 28 pages, 11 figure

Atmospheric effects on extensive air showers observed with the Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Atmospheric parameters, such as pressure (P), temperature (T) and density, affect the development of extensive air showers initiated by energetic cosmic rays. We have studied the impact of atmospheric variations on extensive air showers by means of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The rate of events shows a ~10% seasonal modulation and ~2% diurnal one. We find that the observed behaviour is explained by a model including the effects associated with the variations of pressure and density. The former affects the longitudinal development of air showers while the latter influences the Moliere radius and hence the lateral distribution of the shower particles. The model is validated with full simulations of extensive air showers using atmospheric profiles measured at the site of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physic

The exposure of the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory is a detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It consists of a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level and a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The "hybrid" detection mode combines the information from the two subsystems. We describe the determination of the hybrid exposure for events observed by the fluorescence telescopes in coincidence with at least one water-Cherenkov detector of the surface array. A detailed knowledge of the time dependence of the detection operations is crucial for an accurate evaluation of the exposure. We discuss the relevance of monitoring data collected during operations, such as the status of the fluorescence detector, background light and atmospheric conditions, that are used in both simulation and reconstruction.Comment: Paper accepted by Astroparticle Physic