Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional Assessment of Covid-19-Related Fears (MAC-RF) in French-Speaking Healthcare Professionals and Community Adults

The Multidimensional Assessment of COVID-19-Related Fears (MAC-RF) is an 8-item self-report measure, which is based on the theoretical premise that fear responses to COVID-19 involve different yet intertwined domains (i.e., bodily, relational, cognitive, and behavioural). In this multi-step study, we tested the psychometric properties of the French version of the MAC-RF and examined the reciprocal relationships among COVID-19-related fears. Data were collected in two French-speaking samples (N = 521 individuals from the community and N = 328 healthcare professionals). Internal reliability, convergent validity, construct validity, and internal structure of the MAC-RF were tested. The French version of the MAC-RF demonstrated good psychometric properties and a two-factor structure, with bodily and relational fears tapping into the first factor, and cognitive and behavioural fears tapping into the second factor. Healthcare professionals reported greater COVID-19-related fears than community participants. Correlation network analysis showed that fear for one’s own body and fear of taking action might increase the risk of experiencing other COVID-19-related fears. Limitations comprised the cross-sectional design of the study, risk of bias associated with self-report instruments, and use of online surveys. A careful assessment of different types of fear related to COVID-19 may have implications for prevention and clinical practice during the current coronavirus pandemic. The French version of the MAC-RF is valid and reliable and can thus be used for this purpose

Statistical properties of single-mode fiber coupling of satellite-to-ground laser links partially corrected by adaptive optics

In the framework of satellite-to-ground laser downlinks, an analytical model describing the variations of the instantaneous coupled flux into a single-mode fiber after correction of the incoming wavefront by partial adaptive optics (AO) is presented. Expressions for the probability density function and the cumulative distribution function as well as for the average fading duration and fading duration distribution of the corrected coupled flux are given. These results are of prime interest for the computation of metrics related to coded transmissions over correlated channels, and they are confronted by end-to-end wave-optics simulations in the case of a geosynchronous satellite (GEO)-to-ground and a low earth orbit satellite (LEO)-to-ground scenario. Eventually, the impact of different AO performances on the aforementioned fading duration distribution is analytically investigated for both scenarios

Alcohol-Related Context Modulates Performance of Social Drinkers in a Visual Go/No-Go Task: A Preliminary Assessment of Event-Related Potentials

Background Increased alcohol cue-reactivity and altered inhibitory processing have been reported in heavy social drinkers and alcohol-dependent patients, and are associated with relapse. In social drinkers, these two processes have been usually studied separately by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) during rapid picture presentation. The aim of our study was to confront social drinkers to a task triggering high alcohol cue-reactivity, to verify whether it specifically altered inhibitory performance, by using long-lasting background picture presentation. Methods ERP were recorded during visual Go/No-Go tasks performed by social drinkers, in which a frequent Go signal (letter “M”), and a rare No-Go signal (letter “W”) were superimposed on three different types of background pictures: neutral (black background), alcohol-related and non alcohol-related. Results Our data suggested that heavy social drinkers made more commission errors than light drinkers, but only in the alcohol-related context. Neurophysiologically, this was reflected by a delayed No-Go P3 component. Conclusions Elevated alcohol cue-reactivity may lead to poorer inhibitory performance in heavy social drinkers, and may be considered as an important vulnerability factor in developing alcohol misuse. Prevention programs should be designed to decrease the high arousal of alcohol stimuli and strengthen cognitive control in young, at-risk individuals.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Impact of clinical and genetic findings on the management of young patients with Brugada syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an arrhythmogenic disease associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD) that seldom manifests or is recognized in childhood. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical presentation of pediatric BrS to identify prognostic factors for risk stratification and to propose a data-based approach management. METHODS: We studied 106 patients younger than 19 years at diagnosis of BrS enrolled from 16 European hospitals. RESULTS: At diagnosis, BrS was spontaneous (n = 36, 34%) or drug-induced (n = 70, 66%). The mean age was 11.1 ± 5.7 years, and most patients were asymptomatic (family screening, (n = 67, 63%; incidental, n = 13, 12%), while 15 (14%) experienced syncope, 6(6%) aborted SCD or symptomatic ventricular tachycardia, and 5 (5%) other symptoms. During follow-up (median 54 months), 10 (9%) patients had life-threatening arrhythmias (LTA), including 3 (3%) deaths. Six (6%) experienced syncope and 4 (4%) supraventricular tachycardia. Fever triggered 27% of LTA events. An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator was implanted in 22 (21%), with major adverse events in 41%. Of the 11 (10%) patients treated with hydroquinidine, 8 remained asymptomatic. Genetic testing was performed in 75 (71%) patients, and SCN5A rare variants were identified in 58 (55%); 15 of 32 tested probands (47%) were genotype positive. Nine of 10 patients with LTA underwent genetic testing, and all were genotype positive, whereas the 17 SCN5A-negative patients remained asymptomatic. Spontaneous Brugada type 1 electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern (P = .005) and symptoms at diagnosis (P = .001) were predictors of LTA. Time to the first LTA event was shorter in patients with both symptoms at diagnosis and spontaneous Brugada type 1 ECG pattern (P = .006). CONCLUSION: Spontaneous Brugada type 1 ECG pattern and symptoms at diagnosis are predictors of LTA events in the young affected by BrS. The management of BrS should become age-specific, and prevention of SCD may involve genetic testing and aggressive use of antipyretics and quinidine, with risk-specific consideration for the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

Is (poly-) substance use associated with impaired inhibitory control? A mega-analysis controlling for confounders.

Many studies have reported that heavy substance use is associated with impaired response inhibition. Studies typically focused on associations with a single substance, while polysubstance use is common. Further, most studies compared heavy users with light/non-users, though substance use occurs along a continuum. The current mega-analysis accounted for these issues by aggregating individual data from 43 studies (3610 adult participants) that used the Go/No-Go (GNG) or Stop-signal task (SST) to assess inhibition among mostly "recreational" substance users (i.e., the rate of substance use disorders was low). Main and interaction effects of substance use, demographics, and task-characteristics were entered in a linear mixed model. Contrary to many studies and reviews in the field, we found that only lifetime cannabis use was associated with impaired response inhibition in the SST. An interaction effect was also observed: the relationship between tobacco use and response inhibition (in the SST) differed between cannabis users and non-users, with a negative association between tobacco use and inhibition in the cannabis non-users. In addition, participants' age, education level, and some task characteristics influenced inhibition outcomes. Overall, we found limited support for impaired inhibition among substance users when controlling for demographics and task-characteristics

Contraste et transition entre ville et campagne: maîtriser l'extension de la ville par l'agriculture urbaine (Le Havre, Seine-Maritime, F)

Située dans l'estuaire de la seine, une des six zones prioritaires de développement de la France, la ville du Havre s'est engagée depuis quelques années dans de grands projets. A l'heure où le patrimoine construit obtient une reconnaissance “centre ville” classé au patrimoine de l'UNESCO et où le port s'ouvre sur de nouvelles perspectives (port 2000), il convient d'envisager de façon durable le développement territorial de la ville et de la communauté d'agglomération havraise dans son ensemble. Comme dans la plupart des villes moyennes et grandes du pays, la tendance naturelle est à l'étalement urbain. Je propose donc d'engager à travers le projet, sur le plateau Nord-Ouest de la ville, une réflexion sur la mise en place de limites d'expansion de la commune. Cette entreprise viendrait accompagner et renforcer la cohérence des démarches de la ville en matière de renouvellement urbain (Loi SRU). Elle se doit aussi de répondre à des nécessités programmatiques réelles : un millier de logements, et notamment l'implantation d'un pôle médical et d'une desserte des quartiers Nord par le tramway. Il s'agit d'organiser un échange positif entre le milieu urbain et le milieu rural, deux entités longtemps considérées comme antagonistes. C'est à travers une perspective paysagère que le projet propose d'organiser cette transition en faisant de l'agriculture urbaine un outil qui permettrait à la fois de : - mettre en place une structure unificatrice dans un tissu périphérique hétérogène et chaotique; - revaloriser le statut de l'agriculture périurbaine autant du point de vue spatial, que social et économique; - créer une nouvelle attractivité pour des quartiers en marge de la ville avec l'apport de grands programmes. Il s'agit là d'offrir la campagne à la ville et la ville à la campagne sans les perdre toutes les deux

Identification de marqueurs neurohysiologiques pronostiques de la rechute dans l'alcoolo-dépendance

Nous proposons que c’est le manque d’individualisation qui fait défaut aux méthodes actuelles destinées à traiter l’alcoolo-dépendance qui ne s’avèrent que modérément efficaces, si l’on en juge par la proportion importante de rechutes sous traitement. Les théories contemporaines dominantes postulent que les addictions et leur maintien pourraient être expliqués par le déséquilibre entre deux grands systèmes neuraux et les mécanismes cognitifs qui y sont associés: un système impulsif, dépendant des régions méso-cortico-limbiques, à la base des mécanismes de récompense, de renforcement et de la formation d’habitudes, et un système réflexif, dépendant du cortex préfrontal, indispensable aux comportements de prise de décision, à l’anticipation des conséquences des comportements et au contrôle inhibiteur. Nous avons dans ce travail développé des outils électrophysiologiques de diagnostic de deux troubles cognitifs clés associés au dysfonctionnement de ces deux systèmes :les biais attentionnels et les troubles de l’inhibition. Nous avons pré-testé ces tâches combinées à l’enregistrement des potentiels évoqués dans des populations d’étudiants binge drinkers et de gros consommateurs d’alcool. Nous avons ensuite testé leur valeur prédictive de la rechute dans une population de patients dépendants en fin de cure de désintoxication. Nous pensons avoir dégagé l’existence de deux marqueurs neurophysiologiques pouvant prédire à trois mois la rechute ou l’abstinence du patient alcoolo-dépendant :il s’agit (1) d’un facteur de rechute, indexé par une P3d plus ample suggérant un besoin accru de ressources neurales pour inhiber correctement un comportement, et (2) d’un facteur de protection, indexé par une composante P3 moins ample en réponses aux stimulations liées à l’alcool, suggérant qu’un investissement motivationnel moindre des stimuli « alcool » peut protéger d’une rechute. La réplication et la confirmation de nos résultats ainsi que l’amélioration de nos outils pourraient mener à l’utilisation des marqueurs mis en évidence en pratique clinique afin d’orienter de façon personnalisée la prise en charge des patients.Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Alcoolisme et neurophysiologie :De la prévention à la prise en charge

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Les femmes : plus vulnérables mais résistantes

International audienc

Les femmes précaires au “guichet” : domination, résistance et débrouille:13ème congrès de l’Association Française de Science Politique, AFSP, Aix-en-Provence

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