Canaloplasty: current value in the management of glaucoma

Canaloplasty is a nonpenetrating blebless surgical technique for open-angle glaucoma, in which a flexible microcatheter is inserted within Schlemm's canal for the entire 360 degrees. When the microcatheter exits the opposite end, a 10-0 prolene suture is tied and it is then withdrawn, by pulling microcatheter back through the canal in the opposite direction. Ligation of prolene suture provides tension on the canal and facilitates aqueous outflow. The main advantage of canaloplasty is that this technique avoids the major complications of fistulating surgery related to blebs and hypotony. Currently, canaloplasty is performed in glaucoma patients with early to moderate disease and combination with cataract surgery is a suitable option in patients with clinically significant lens opacities

Phenotype-environment association of the oxygen transport system in trimorphic European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) populations

Replicated adaptive radiation events, typified by phenotypic divergence across resource axes, provide important insight into the eco-evolutionary dynamics that lead to the formation of new species. Here, we show that in trimorphic adaptive radiations of European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus), divergence of the oxygen transport system has occurred across the pelagic/littoral (shallow)—profundal (deep) resource axis, and at multiple biological scales. Profundal whitefish exhibited significantly larger red blood cells (RBCs), a greater proportion of cathodic hemoglobin protein components, and higher hemoglobin transcript abundance in kidney compared to littoral and pelagic morphs. Hemoglobin transcript abundance in brain and gill, but not kidney, and anodic hemoglobin protein component diversity in blood were also linked to variation at an intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). As the whitefish morphs differ in population genetic structure at this SNP, hemoglobin transcript and protein divergence between profundal and pelagic/littoral morphs is likely being driven by genetic divergence. Our findings, along with our previous work on lake whitefish, highlight the importance of the oxygen transport system to the postglacial colonization of novel lacustrine environments by whitefish throughout the northern hemisphere

FUS affects circular RNA expression in murine embryonic stem cell-derived motor neurons

The RNA-binding protein FUS participates in several RNA biosynthetic processes and has been linked to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. Here we report that FUS controls back-splicing reactions leading to circular RNA (circRNA) production. We identified circRNAs expressed in in vitro -derived mouse motor neurons (MNs) and determined that the production of a considerable number of these circRNAs is regulated by FUS. Using RNAi and overexpression of wild-type and ALS-asso- ciated FUS mutants, we directly correlate the modulation of circRNA biogenesis with alteration of FUS nuclear levels and with putative toxic gain of function activities. We also demonstrate that FUS regulates circRNA biogenesis by binding the introns flanking the back-splicing junctions and that this control can be reproduced with artificial constructs. Most circRNAs are conserved in humans and specific ones are deregulated in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MNs carrying the FUS P525L mutation associated with AL

A low power IoT sensor node architecture for waste management within smart cities context

This paper focuses on the realization of an Internet of Things (IoT) architecture to optimize waste management in the context of Smart Cities. In particular, a novel typology of sensor node based on the use of low cost and low power components is described. This node is provided with a single-chip microcontroller, a sensor able to measure the filling level of trash bins using ultrasounds and a data transmission module based on the LoRa LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology. Together with the node, a minimal network architecture was designed, based on a LoRa gateway, with the purpose of testing the IoT node performances. Especially, the paper analyzes in detail the node architecture, focusing on the energy saving technologies and policies, with the purpose of extending the batteries lifetime by reducing power consumption, through hardware and software optimization. Tests on sensor and radio module effectiveness are also presented

Digestive tract morphology and enzyme activities of juvenile diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed fishmeal-based diets with or without fish protein hydrolysates

[EN] Triploid, sterile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) could make a contribution to the development of the farming industry, but uncertainties about the performance and welfare of triploids have limited their adoption by farmers. In this study, we compared the ontogeny of digestive tract morphology and enzyme activities (pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase) of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon. Fish were fed diets based on fishmeal (STD) or a mix of fishmeal and hydrolysed fish proteins (HFM) whilst being reared at low temperature from start-feeding to completion of the parr-smolt transformation. Fish weights for each ploidy and feed combination were used to calculate thermal growth coefficients (TGCs) that spanned this developmental period, and the data were used to examine possible relationships between enzyme activities and growth. At the end of the experiment, faeces were collected and analyzed to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of the dietary amino acids (AAs). Digestive tract histo-morphology did not differ substantially between ploidies and generally reflected organ maturation and functionality. There were no consistent differences in proteolytic enzyme activities resulting from the inclusion of HFM in the diet, nor was there improved digestibility and AA bioavailability of the HFM feed in either diploid or triploid fish. The triploid salmon had lower ADCs than diploids for most essential and non-essential AAs in both diets (STD and HFM), but without there being any indication of lower intestinal protease activity in triploid fish. When trypsin-to-chymotrypsin activity and trypsin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ratios (T:C and T:ALP, respectively) were considered in combination with growth data (TGC) low T:C and T:ALP values coincided with times of reduced fish growth, and vice versa, suggesting that T:C and T:ALP may be used to predict recent growth history and possible growth potential.This work was supported by the Norwegian Research Council, Regional Research Fund-RFF-NORD -https://www. regionaleforskningsfond.no/ -(Grant no. 248028, VP at Nofima as project coordinator) and the Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, (UiT) the Arctic University of Norway. The funder provided support in the form of salary for one author [VP] but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of this and other authors are articulated in the "author contributions" section. Publication charges for the article were provided by the Open Access publication fund of UiT, the Arctic University of Norway.Martínez-Llorens, S.; Peruzzi, S.; Falk-Petersen, I.; Godoy-Olmos, S.; Olav Ulleberg, L.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Puvanendran, V.... (2021). Digestive tract morphology and enzyme activities of juvenile diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed fishmeal-based diets with or without fish protein hydrolysates. PLoS ONE. 16(1):1-28. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245216S128161Benfey, T. J. (2015). Effectiveness of triploidy as a management tool for reproductive containment of farmed fish: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as a case study. Reviews in Aquaculture, 8(3), 264-282. doi:10.1111/raq.12092Lijalad, M., & Powell, M. D. (2009). Effects of lower jaw deformity on swimming performance and recovery from exhaustive exercise in triploid and diploid Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. Aquaculture, 290(1-2), 145-154. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.01.039Benfey, T. J. (1999). The Physiology and Behavior of Triploid Fishes. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 7(1), 39-67. doi:10.1080/10641269991319162Peruzzi, S., Hagen, Ø., & Jobling, M. (2014). Gut morphology of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture International, 23(4), 1105-1108. doi:10.1007/s10499-014-9867-2Cantas, L., Fraser, T. W., Fjelldal, P. G., Mayer, I., & Sørum, H. (2011). The culturable intestinal microbiota of triploid and diploid juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) - a comparison of composition and drug resistance. BMC Veterinary Research, 7(1), 71. doi:10.1186/1746-6148-7-71Benhaïm, D., Leblanc, C. A. L., Horri, K., Mannion, K., Galloway, M., Leeper, A., … Thorarensen, H. (2020). The effect of triploidy on the performance, gut microbiome and behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) raised at low temperature. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 229, 105031. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2020.105031Van den Ingh, T. S. G. A. M., Krogdahl, Å., Olli, J. J., Hendriks, H. G. C. J. M., & Koninkx, J. G. J. F. (1991). Effects of soybean-containing diets on the proximal and distal intestine in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): a morphological study. Aquaculture, 94(4), 297-305. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(91)90174-6Krogdahl, Å., Bakke-McKellep, A. M., & Baeverfjord, G. (2003). Effects of graded levels of standard soybean meal on intestinal structure, mucosal enzyme activities, and pancreatic response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 9(6), 361-371. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.2003.00264.xURÁN, P. A., SCHRAMA, J. W., JAAFARI, S., BAARDSEN, G., ROMBOUT, J. H. W. M., KOPPE, W., & VERRETH, J. A. J. (2009). Variation in commercial sources of soybean meal influences the severity of enteritis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 15(5), 492-499. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2008.00615.xMoldal, T., Løkka, G., Wiik-Nielsen, J., Austbø, L., Torstensen, B. E., Rosenlund, G., … Koppang, E. O. (2014). Substitution of dietary fish oil with plant oils is associated with shortened mid intestinal folds in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). BMC Veterinary Research, 10(1). doi:10.1186/1746-6148-10-60Sahlmann, C., Gu, J., Kortner, T. M., Lein, I., Krogdahl, Å., & Bakke, A. M. (2015). Ontogeny of the Digestive System of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) and Effects of Soybean Meal from Start-Feeding. PLOS ONE, 10(4), e0124179. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124179Clarkson, M., Migaud, H., Metochis, C., Vera, L. M., Leeming, D., Tocher, D. R., & Taylor, J. F. (2017). Early nutritional intervention can improve utilisation of vegetable-based diets in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). British Journal of Nutrition, 118(1), 17-29. doi:10.1017/s0007114517001842Taylor, J. F., Waagbø, R., Diez-Padrisa, M., Campbell, P., Walton, J., Hunter, D., … Migaud, H. (2014). Adult triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have higher dietary histidine requirements to prevent cataract development in seawater. Aquaculture Nutrition, 21(1), 18-32. doi:10.1111/anu.12130Fjelldal, P. G., Hansen, T. J., Lock, E.-J., Wargelius, A., Fraser, T. W. K., Sambraus, F., … Ørnsrud, R. (2015). Increased dietary phosphorous prevents vertebral deformities in triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 22(1), 72-90. doi:10.1111/anu.12238Smedley, M. A., Migaud, H., McStay, E. L., Clarkson, M., Bozzolla, P., Campbell, P., & Taylor, J. F. (2018). Impact of dietary phosphorous in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) with reference to early skeletal development in freshwater. Aquaculture, 490, 329-343. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.02.049Smedley, M. A., Clokie, B. G. J., Migaud, H., Campbell, P., Walton, J., Hunter, D., … Taylor, J. F. (2016). Dietary phosphorous and protein supplementation enhances seawater growth and reduces severity of vertebral malformation in triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture, 451, 357-368. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.10.001Sambraus, F., Hansen, T., Daae, B. S., Thorsen, A., Sandvik, R., Stien, L. H., … Fjelldal, P. G. (2020). Triploid Atlantic salmon Salmo salar have a higher dietary phosphorus requirement for bone mineralization during early development. Journal of Fish Biology, 97(1), 137-147. doi:10.1111/jfb.14338Taylor, J. F., Vera, L. M., De Santis, C., Lock, E.-J., Espe, M., Skjærven, K. H., … Tocher, D. R. (2019). The effect of micronutrient supplementation on growth and hepatic metabolism in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr fed a low marine ingredient diet. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 227, 106-121. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.10.004Vera, L. M., Lock, E.-J., Hamre, K., Migaud, H., Leeming, D., Tocher, D. R., & Taylor, J. F. (2019). Enhanced micronutrient supplementation in low marine diets reduced vertebral malformation in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr, and increased vertebral expression of bone biomarker genes in diploids. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 237, 110327. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110327Refstie, S., Olli, J. J., & Standal, H. (2004). Feed intake, growth, and protein utilisation by post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in response to graded levels of fish protein hydrolysate in the diet. Aquaculture, 239(1-4), 331-349. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.06.015Yúfera, M., Moyano, F. J., Astola, A., Pousão-Ferreira, P., & Martínez-Rodríguez, G. (2012). Acidic Digestion in a Teleost: Postprandial and Circadian Pattern of Gastric pH, Pepsin Activity, and Pepsinogen and Proton Pump mRNAs Expression. PLoS ONE, 7(3), e33687. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033687Sunde, J., Eiane, S. A., Rustad, A., Jensen, H. B., Opstvedt, J., Nygard, E., … Rungruangsak-Torrissen, K. (2004). Effect of fish feed processing conditions on digestive protease activities, free amino acid pools, feed conversion efficiency and growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 10(4), 261-277. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2004.00300.xSunde, J. (2001). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 25(4), 335-345. doi:10.1023/a:1023233024001Santigosa, E., Sánchez, J., Médale, F., Kaushik, S., Pérez-Sánchez, J., & Gallardo, M. A. (2008). Modifications of digestive enzymes in trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and sea bream (Sparus aurata) in response to dietary fish meal replacement by plant protein sources. Aquaculture, 282(1-4), 68-74. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.06.007Engrola, S., Conceição, L. E. C., Dias, L., Pereira, R., Ribeiro, L., & Dinis, M. T. (2007). Improving weaning strategies for Senegalese sole: effects of body weight and digestive capacity. Aquaculture Research, 38(7), 696-707. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01701.xCahu, C., Rønnestad, I., Grangier, V., & Zambonino Infante, J. L. (2004). Expression and activities of pancreatic enzymes in developing sea bass larvae (Dicentrarchus labrax) in relation to intact and hydrolyzed dietary protein; involvement of cholecystokinin. Aquaculture, 238(1-4), 295-308. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.04.013Espe, M., Sveier, H., Høgøy, I., & Lied, E. (1999). Nutrient absorption and growth of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed fish protein concentrate. Aquaculture, 174(1-2), 119-137. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(98)00502-xOlsen, R. L., & Toppe, J. (2017). Fish silage hydrolysates: Not only a feed nutrient, but also a useful feed additive. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 66, 93-97. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2017.06.003Rønnestad, I., Yúfera, M., Ueberschär, B., Ribeiro, L., Saele, Ø., & Boglione, C. (2013). Feeding behaviour and digestive physiology in larval fish: current knowledge, and gaps and bottlenecks in research. Reviews in Aquaculture, 5, S59-S98. doi:10.1111/raq.12010Savoie, A., Le François, N. R., Lamarre, S. G., Blier, P. U., Beaulieu, L., & Cahu, C. (2011). Dietary protein hydrolysate and trypsin inhibitor effects on digestive capacities and performances during early-stages of spotted wolffish: Suggested mechanisms. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 158(4), 525-530. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.12.017Blier, P. ., Lemieux, H., & Devlin, R. . (2002). Is the growth rate of fish set by digestive enzymes or metabolic capacity of the tissues? Insight from transgenic coho salmon. Aquaculture, 209(1-4), 379-384. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(01)00807-9Kolkovski, & Tandler. (2000). The use of squid protein hydrolysate as a protein source in microdiets for gilthead seabream Sparus aurata larvae. Aquaculture Nutrition, 6(1), 11-15. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.2000.00125.xHardy RW. Fish hydrolysates: production and use in aquaculture feeds. Proceeding of the Aquaculture Feed Processing and Nutrition Workshop American Soybean Association, Singapore. 1991. pp. 109–115.Siddik, M. A. B., Howieson, J., Fotedar, R., & Partridge, G. J. (2020). Enzymatic fish protein hydrolysates in finfish aquaculture: a review. Reviews in Aquaculture, 13(1), 406-430. doi:10.1111/raq.12481Peruzzi, S., Puvanendran, V., Riesen, G., Seim, R. R., Hagen, Ø., Martínez-Llorens, S., … Jobling, M. (2018). Growth and development of skeletal anomalies in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed phosphorus-rich diets with fish meal and hydrolyzed fish protein. PLOS ONE, 13(3), e0194340. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194340Cho, C. Y. (1992). Feeding systems for rainbow trout and other salmonids with reference to current estimates of energy and protein requirements. Aquaculture, 100(1-3), 107-123. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(92)90353-mSanden, M., Berntssen, M. H. G., Krogdahl, A., Hemre, G.-I., & Bakke-McKellep, A.-M. (2005). An examination of the intestinal tract of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., parr fed different varieties of soy and maize. Journal of Fish Diseases, 28(6), 317-330. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00618.xL⊘kka, G., Austb⊘, L., Falk, K., Bjerkås, I., & Koppang, E. O. (2013). Intestinal morphology of the wild atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Journal of Morphology, 274(8), 859-876. doi:10.1002/jmor.20142Bosch, L., Alegría, A., & Farré, R. (2006). Application of the 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) reagent to the RP-HPLC determination of amino acids in infant foods. Journal of Chromatography B, 831(1-2), 176-183. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.12.002Márquez, L., Øverland, M., Martínez-Llorens, S., Morken, T., & Moyano, F. J. (2013). Use of a gastrointestinal model to assess potential amino acid bioavailability in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorrhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 384-387, 46-55. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.12.008Verdi, L. G., Brighente, I. M. C., & Pizzolatti, M. G. (2005). Gênero Baccharis (Asteraceae): aspectos químicos, econômicos e biológicos. Química Nova, 28(1), 85-94. doi:10.1590/s0100-40422005000100017Anson, M. L. (1938). THE ESTIMATION OF PEPSIN, TRYPSIN, PAPAIN, AND CATHEPSIN WITH HEMOGLOBIN. Journal of General Physiology, 22(1), 79-89. doi:10.1085/jgp.22.1.79Dı́az-López, M., Moyano-López, F. J., Alarcón-López, F. J., Garcı́a-Carreño, F. L., & Navarrete del Toro, M. A. (1998). Characterization of fish acid proteases by substrate–gel electrophoresis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 121(4), 369-377. doi:10.1016/s0305-0491(98)10123-2Erlanger, B. F., Kokowsky, N., & Cohen, W. (1961). The preparation and properties of two new chromogenic substrates of trypsin. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 95(2), 271-278. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(61)90145-xRibeiro, L., Moura, J., Santos, M., Colen, R., Rodrigues, V., Bandarra, N., … Dias, J. (2015). Effect of vegetable based diets on growth, intestinal morphology, activity of intestinal enzymes and haematological stress indicators in meagre (Argyrosomus regius). Aquaculture, 447, 116-128. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.12.017Verdile, N., Pasquariello, R., Scolari, M., Scirè, G., Brevini, T. A. L., & Gandolfi, F. (2020). A Detailed Study of Rainbow Trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) Intestine Revealed That Digestive and Absorptive Functions Are Not Linearly Distributed along Its Length. Animals, 10(4), 745. doi:10.3390/ani10040745Peruzzi, S., Jobling, M., Falk-Petersen, I.-B., Lein, I., & Puvanendran, V. (2013). Gut morphology of diploid and triploid Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 29(5), 1104-1108. doi:10.1111/jai.12210Rungruangsak-Torrissen, K., & Manoonpong, P. (2019). Neural computational model GrowthEstimate: A model for studying living resources through digestive efficiency. PLOS ONE, 14(8), e0216030. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216030Rungruangsak-Torrissen, K., Moss, R., Andresen, L. H., Berg, A., & Waagbø, R. (2006). Different expressions of trypsin and chymotrypsin in relation to growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 32(1), 7-23. doi:10.1007/s10695-005-0630-5Ditlecadet, D., Blier, P. U., Le François, N. R., & Dufresne, F. (2009). Digestive capacities, inbreeding and growth capacities in juvenile Arctic charrSalvelinus alpinus. Journal of Fish Biology, 75(10), 2695-2708. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02468.xLemieux, H., Blier, P., & Dutil, J.-D. (1999). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 20(4), 293-303. doi:10.1023/a:1007791019523Lazo, J. P., Mendoza, R., Holt, G. J., Aguilera, C., & Arnold, C. R. (2007). Characterization of digestive enzymes during larval development of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Aquaculture, 265(1-4), 194-205. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.01.043Rungruangsak-Torrissen, K., Carter, C. G., Sundby, A., Berg, A., & Houlihan, D. F. (1999). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 21(3), 223-233. doi:10.1023/a:1007804823932RUNGRUANGSAK-TORRISSEN, K. (2007). DIGESTIVE EFFICIENCY, GROWTH AND QUALITIES OF MUSCLE AND OOCYTE IN ATLANTIC SALMON (SALMO SALAR L.) FED ON DIETS WITH KRILL MEAL AS AN ALTERNATIVE PROTEIN SOURCE. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 31(4), 509-540. doi:10.1111/j.1745-4514.2007.00127.xBlier, P. U., Dutil, J.-D., Lemieux, H., Bélanger, F., & Bitetera, L. (2007). Phenotypic flexibility of digestive system in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 146(2), 174-179. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.10.012Montoya, A., López-Olmeda, J. F., Yúfera, M., Sánchez-Muros, M. J., & Sánchez-Vázquez, F. J. (2010). Feeding time synchronises daily rhythms of behaviour and digestive physiology in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture, 306(1-4), 315-321. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.06.023Nikolopoulou, D., Moutou, K. A., Fountoulaki, E., Venou, B., Adamidou, S., & Alexis, M. N. (2011). Patterns of gastric evacuation, digesta characteristics and pH changes along the gastrointestinal tract of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 158(4), 406-414. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.11.021Blank, R., Mosenthin, R., Sauer, W. C., & Huang, S. (1999). Effect of fumaric acid and dietary buffering capacity on ileal and fecal amino acid digestibilities in early-weaned pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 77(11), 2974. doi:10.2527/1999.77112974xBUCKING, C., & WOOD, C. M. (2009). The effect of postprandial changes in pH along the gastrointestinal tract on the distribution of ions between the solid and fluid phases of chyme in rainbow trout. Aquaculture Nutrition, 15(3), 282-296. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2008.00593.xKrogdahl, Å., Sundby, A., & Holm, H. (2015). Characteristics of digestive processes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Enzyme pH optima, chyme pH, and enzyme activities. Aquaculture, 449, 27-36. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.02.032Lallès, J. (2019). Intestinal alkaline phosphatase in the gastrointestinal tract of fish: biology, ontogeny, and environmental and nutritional modulation. Reviews in Aquaculture, 12(2), 555-581. doi:10.1111/raq.12340Chen, K. T., Malo, M. S., Beasley-Topliffe, L. K., Poelstra, K., Millan, J. L., Mostafa, G., … Hodin, R. A. (2010). A Role for Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase in the Maintenance of Local Gut Immunity. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 56(4), 1020-1027. doi:10.1007/s10620-010-1396-xFernández, I., Hontoria, F., Ortiz-Delgado, J. B., Kotzamanis, Y., Estévez, A., Zambonino-Infante, J. L., & Gisbert, E. (2008). Larval performance and skeletal deformities in farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed with graded levels of Vitamin A enriched rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis). Aquaculture, 283(1-4), 102-115. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.06.037Fawley, J., & Gourlay, D. M. (2016). Intestinal alkaline phosphatase: a summary of its role in clinical disease. Journal of Surgical Research, 202(1), 225-234. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2015.12.008Goldberg, R. F., Austen, W. G., Zhang, X., Munene, G., Mostafa, G., Biswas, S., … Hodin, R. A. (2008). Intestinal alkaline phosphatase is a gut mucosal defense factor maintained by enteral nutrition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(9), 3551-3556. doi:10.1073/pnas.0712140105KROGDAHL, NORDRUM, SØRENSEN, BRUDESETH, & RØSJØ. (1999). Effects of diet composition on apparent nutrient absorption along the intestinal tract and of subsequent fasting on mucosal disaccharidase activities and plasma nutrient concentration in Atlantic salmonSalmo salarL. Aquaculture Nutrition, 5(2), 121-133. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.1999.00095.xRungruangsak-Torrissen, K., & Sundby, A. (2000). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 22(4), 337-347. doi:10.1023/a:1007864413112Estruch, G., Collado, M. C., Monge-Ortiz, R., Tomás-Vidal, A., Jover-Cerdá, M., Peñaranda, D. S., … Martínez-Llorens, S. (2018). Long-term feeding with high plant protein based diets in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, L.) leads to changes in the inflammatory and immune related gene expression at intestinal level. BMC Veterinary Research, 14(1). doi:10.1186/s12917-018-1626-6Oliva-Teles, A., & Kaushik, S. J. (1990). Growth and nutrient utilization by 0 + and 1 + triploid rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus my kiss. Journal of Fish Biology, 37(1), 125-133. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05934.xSwanepoel, J. C., & Goosen, N. J. (2018). Evaluation of fish protein hydrolysates in juvenile African catf

Microglia reactivity entails microtubule remodeling from acentrosomal to centrosomal arrays

Microglia reactivity entails a large-scale remodeling of cellular geometry, but the behavior of the microtubule cytoskeleton during these changes remains unexplored. Here we show that activated microglia provide an example of microtubule reorganization from a non-centrosomal array of parallel and stable microtubules to a radial array of more dynamic microtubules. While in the homeostatic state, microglia nucleate microtubules at Golgi outposts, and activating signaling induces recruitment of nucleating material nearby the centrosome, a process inhibited by microtubule stabilization. Our results demonstrate that a hallmark of microglia reactivity is a striking remodeling of the microtubule cytoskeleton and suggest that while pericentrosomal microtubule nucleation may serve as a distinct marker of microglia activation, inhibition of microtubule dynamics may provide a different strategy to reduce microglia reactivity in inflammatory disease

effects of occupational exposure to glyphosate in winegrowers

Glyphosate is a non-selective systemic herbicide used in agriculture. For almost half a century, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has run a Monographs program, the conclusion in March 2015 that glyphosate is "probably carcinogenic to humans" in addition to being genotoxic and carcinogenic in animals, while the regulatory European Food Safety Authority have asserted that glyphosate poses no public risk. The scientific debate is still lively. We collected detailed socio-demographic, occupational exposures and health surveillance information for 26 winegrowers as aim to investigate exposure to glyphosate and other pesticide. Exposure was assessed through biological monitoring (24-hour urine collection), immune function (IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-12, IL- 17, IL-33, IFN- γ), transcriptional and post transcriptional alterations (miRNA) and genotoxic effects (Comet assay). The exposure conditions in our winegrowers, as referred to the parameters so far analyzed, did not reveal a significant glyphosate absorption nor significant health concerns

At the intersection of cultural and natural heritage: Distribution and conservation of the type localities of Italian endemic vascular plants

We conducted a GIS spatial analysis with the aim of providing the first quantitative large-scale overview of the distribution patterns of 1536 type localities (loci classici) of 1216 Italian endemic vascular plants and their relationship with a set of descriptive variables. Whereas some variables were used to model the presence-absence distribution patterns of the type localities for the whole set of endemics as well as for the subset of narrow endemics, others (e.g., presence inside or outside protected areas and Italian Important Plant Areas) were considered with the purpose of assessing potential assets or risks for conservation. The largest number of type localities was found within the Mediterranean biogeographic region (1134), followed by the Alpine region (306) and Continental region (96). A total of 670 locations are located on islands, whereas 866 are located on the Italian mainland (139 and 124 in the case of narrow endemics, respectively). A large number of type localities are located in mountainous areas and along the coastline, which can be seen as a potential risk for conservation. On the contrary, we detected a positive correlation with the distance from roads, which might be considered to be an asset. Importantly, 1030 type localities fall inside protected areas, whereas 506 localities fall outside protected areas, with 259 of these unprotected localities on islands. We propose considering the results of the analysis of the distribution of type localities of Italian endemics to be a strategic tool for conservation planning and resource management. Application of plant micro-reserves and integration of diverse legislation tools are suggested to strengthen efforts and increase conservation success

Evidence for an excess of B -> D(*) Tau Nu decays

Based on the full BaBar data sample, we report improved measurements of the ratios R(D(*)) = B(B -> D(*) Tau Nu)/B(B -> D(*) l Nu), where l is either e or mu. These ratios are sensitive to new physics contributions in the form of a charged Higgs boson. We measure R(D) = 0.440 +- 0.058 +- 0.042 and R(D*) = 0.332 +- 0.024 +- 0.018, which exceed the Standard Model expectations by 2.0 sigma and 2.7 sigma, respectively. Taken together, our results disagree with these expectations at the 3.4 sigma level. This excess cannot be explained by a charged Higgs boson in the type II two-Higgs-doublet model. We also report the observation of the decay B -> D Tau Nu, with a significance of 6.8 sigma.Comment: Expanded section on systematics, text corrections, improved the format of Figure 2 and included the effect of the change of the Tau polarization due to the charged Higg

Search for the decay modes D^0 → e^+e^-, D^0 → μ^+μ^-, and D^0 → e^±μ∓

We present searches for the rare decay modes D^0→e^+e^-, D^0→μ^+μ^-, and D^0→e^±μ^∓ in continuum e^+e^-→cc events recorded by the BABAR detector in a data sample that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 468  fb^(-1). These decays are highly Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani suppressed but may be enhanced in several extensions of the standard model. Our observed event yields are consistent with the expected backgrounds. An excess is seen in the D^0→μ^+μ^- channel, although the observed yield is consistent with an upward background fluctuation at the 5% level. Using the Feldman–Cousins method, we set the following 90% confidence level intervals on the branching fractions: B(D^0→e^+e^-)<1.7×10^(-7), B(D^0→μ^+μ^-) within [0.6,8.1]×10^(-7), and B(D^0→e^±μ^∓)<3.3×10^(-7)