A system to detect timing problems in digital circuits

Nowadays, the digital circuit production is carried out specifying the circuit functionality using a hardware description language. Then, this specification is synthesized down to a structural netlist suitable for use by the target technologys place-and-route applications. Many synthesis tools make this task introducing some unnecessary gates and wires in the final circuit. As a consequence, it can appear a circuit containing one or more paths that do not influence the circuit output. This kind of non-relevant paths is known as False Path. The problem with false paths is that if they are not considered, the circuit delay may be overestimated during design analysis and optimization. For this reason, the digital circuit industry is looking for effective methods and tools to overcome the mentioned drawbacks. This paper presents a system to detect False Paths based on the analysis of the circuit intermediate specification. The tool analyzes the specification using compilation techniques and then applies some special purpose algorithms for detecting false paths. Furthermore, it shows the gates and wires that are not necessary for the circuit final version.Presentado en el VII Workshop Ingeniería de Software (WIS)Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

A system to detect timing problems in digital circuits

Nowadays, the digital circuit production is carried out specifying the circuit functionality using a hardware description language. Then, this specification is synthesized down to a structural netlist suitable for use by the target technologys place-and-route applications. Many synthesis tools make this task introducing some unnecessary gates and wires in the final circuit. As a consequence, it can appear a circuit containing one or more paths that do not influence the circuit output. This kind of non-relevant paths is known as False Path. The problem with false paths is that if they are not considered, the circuit delay may be overestimated during design analysis and optimization. For this reason, the digital circuit industry is looking for effective methods and tools to overcome the mentioned drawbacks. This paper presents a system to detect False Paths based on the analysis of the circuit intermediate specification. The tool analyzes the specification using compilation techniques and then applies some special purpose algorithms for detecting false paths. Furthermore, it shows the gates and wires that are not necessary for the circuit final version.Presentado en el VII Workshop Ingeniería de Software (WIS)Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Microplásticos en playas de la zona de influencia del Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano (PNSAV), México

Background. Plastic production has increased considerably in the last decades, with production during 2019 of 368 million tons, where a considerable amount is discarded into the environment, where it wears out and decomposes into microplastics. Objectives. Quantify and characterize the microplastics on the beaches of the area of influence of the Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano (PNSAV). Methods. The present study sampled sand beaches on the coasts of Veracruz, more specifically in La Mancha, Chachalacas, Chalchihuecan, Antón Lizardo, and El Sendero, in the municipalities of Actopan, Úrsulo Galván, La Antigua and Alvarado, respectively. Plastic particles were obtained after drying and sieving the sand and were quantified and characterized by spectroscopy (FTIR) and electron microscopy (SEM). Results. A total of 180 plastic pieces (4.5 pieces /m2 ) were found in the zone of influence of the PNSAV. El Sendero and Chachalacas’s beaches presented the most plastic pieces. Of the total number of particles in the system, 92.35% were irregularly shaped, and the rest were fibers, pellets, and films. Regarding the type and dominance of plastic polymers found on the beaches, the three primary materials were high and low-density polyethylene (26.67 and 27.22 %, respectively) and polypropylene (23.33 %). Conclusions. Microplastics were found on all the beaches analyzed, most of which were irregular in shape, representing a risk for organisms that ingest them since they serve as vectors of pathogenic microorganisms and dispersers of toxic chemicals.Antecedentes. La producción de plástico se ha incrementado considerablemente en las últimas décadas, teniendo una producción en 2019 de 368 millones de toneladas, donde una cantidad considerable termina desechada en el medio ambiente, donde se desgasta y descompone en microplásticos. Objetivos. Cuantificar y caracterizar los microplásticos presentes en las playas del área de influencia del Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano (PNSAV). Métodos. Se realizó un muestreo mediante cuadrantes ubicados en playas localizadas en la costa de Veracruz: La Mancha, Chachalacas, Chalchihuecan, Antón Lizardo y el Sendero, en los municipios de Actopan, Úrsulo Galván, la Antigua y Alvarado, respectivamente. Las partículas de plástico se obtuvieron después del secado y tamizado de la arena y se cuantificaron y caracterizaron por espectroscopía y microscopia. Resultados. Se encontró un total de 180 piezas de plástico (4.5 piezas/m2 ) en la zona de influencia del PNSAV. Las playas del Sendero y Chachalacas presentaron la mayor cantidad de piezas de plástico. Del total de partículas en el sistema, el 92.35 % presentó forma irregular, las restantes fueron fibras, “pellets” y películas. Con respecto al tipo y dominancia de polímeros plásticos encontrados en las playas, los tres materiales principales fueron polietileno de alta y baja densidad (26.67 y 27.22 %, respectivamente) y polipropileno (23.33 %). Conclusiones. Se encontraron microplásticos en todas las playas analizadas, la mayor parte presentaron forma irregular. Los microplásticos representan un riesgo para los organismos que los ingieren, ya que se ha reportado que sirven como vectores de microorganismos patógenos y dispersores de sustancias químicas tóxicas

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Sistema de mensajería instantánea basado en VOICEXML para personas con capacidades diferentes

En la actualidad la Internet es sumamente importante y es de las tecnologías más desarrolladas en los últimos años, se ocupa para el impulso de sistemas de información y comunicación a través de las diferentes ramas de la innovación y transmisión de datos a larga distancia. Además, los medios de comunicación se han encaminado paulatinamente hacia la accesibilidad, y cada vez son más numerosos los productos y los portales de Internet accesibles para las personas con discapacidad. Las nuevas tendencias, están presentándose cada vez más novedosas en diferentes medios^. Esto será útil para la elaboración de aplicaciones que se podrán implementar en el presente Trabajo Terminal. Esto indica la implementación y conjunción de diferentes tecnologías a emplear como XML^. Las Herramientas como Flash serán utilizadas para entornos con sonido (ejecución de sonidos o de presentación). Java y herramientas colaborativas en conjunto. Todo a su vez se adaptará a los sistemas de información que tengamos, con el fin de brindar comunicación a las personas de capacidades diferentes (invidentes) por medio de Internet, en una aplicación interactiva y fácil de manejar