Les carrefours dans la théorie de l’histoire et du théâtre

L’histoire et l’analyse théorique constituent deux champs cognitifs distincts dans les études théâtrales, lesquels néanmoins sont sectionnés dans de nombreux cas. En rapport avec l’histoire du théâtre, nous pouvons distinguer deux positions logiques. Conformément à la première, l’histoire enregistre et offre la matière première de chaque pensée secondaire sur les événements théâtraux. Ce qui est contesté souvent est le caractère « objectif » de la matière historique. Conformément à la deuxième position, l’histoire du théâtre n’est pas un ensemble évident d’événements, puisqu’elle ne peut pas reproduire le passé, mais elle offre un texte infini qui interprète le passé. Chaque discours historique contient une philosophie de l’histoire partiellement développée et souvent sous-entendue. La combinaison de ces positions nous offre toute la dynamique du discours historique et ouvre le dialogue avec les théories du théâtre.History and theoretical analysis constitute two separate cognitive fields within theatre studies. With regard to the history of theatre, we can distinguish two positions. According to the first, history records and provides the raw material for each secondary thought on the theatrical events. What is often disputed is the "objective" character of historical material. According to the second, the history of theatre is not an obvious accumulation of events, since it cannot reproduce the past. It provides, rather, an endless text that interprets the past. Each historical reason contains a partially developed and often implied philosophy of history. The combination of these two positions gives us all the dynamics of historical reason and opens a dialogue with the theories of theatre

The Silent Animals. Loving and Staging Animals in Jean Baudrillard’s Thought

In this paper, George P. Pefanis discusses the presence of animals on stage from the perspective of French philosopher Jean Baudrillard. Baudrillard examines animality in relation to reason and the division between humans and non-humans. He presents four broad categories based on their relationship to humans. This article analyses the Baudrillardian concept of ‘somatisation’, which includes both the corporeality and physical vulnerability of animals, as well as certain psychic traits. The article explores the sentimentality projected onto animals and the implied superiority of humans in such sentimentality. Additionally, it enquires how the principles of ‘love for animals’ can be integrated into a performance featuring animals on stage from an ethical and ontological perspective. To support this discussion, the paper examines two examples of performances: ‘Embracing Animal’ by American artist Kathy High and ‘The Other’ by American artist Rachel Rosenthal.In this paper, George P. Pefanis discusses the presence of animals on stage from the perspective of French philosopher Jean Baudrillard. Baudrillard examines animality in relation to reason and the division between humans and non-humans. He presents four broad categories based on their relationship to humans. This article analyses the Baudrillardian concept of ‘somatisation’, which includes both the corporeality and physical vulnerability of animals, as well as certain psychic traits. The article explores the sentimentality projected onto animals and the implied superiority of humans in such sentimentality. Additionally, it enquires how the principles of ‘love for animals’ can be integrated into a performance featuring animals on stage from an ethical and ontological perspective. To support this discussion, the paper examines two examples of performances: ‘Embracing Animal’ by American artist Kathy High and ‘The Other’ by American artist Rachel Rosenthal

The Streets Belong to the People: Scenes and Heterotopias in the City

The street releases an aura of hospitality unmatched by the great halls and the formal venues. This is so because the street belongs to the people—it is of itself the stage of hospitality. By “hospitable,” here, I mean, on the one hand, a site open and accessible to all, and even to roaming artists, and on the other, I mean something that befriends the strange, the unfamiliar, the unexpected; what you meet suddenly on the curve of a pedestrian walkway or at the edge of a square and at once you are distracted from dailyexistential cares and daily routines. While people were gathering without  any clear objectives, besides demonstrating against the austerity measures of the economic crisis, the International Street Theatre Festival (Istfest) of Athens organized at that time, came to provide them with a significant “role”: their participation in a multi-faceted theatrical celebration, with strong political connotations. In more ways than one, the street, (in the broader sense of the public domain, of the open, collectively shared urban and planned city space, returned through the Festival to the people, the original owners, in the particular form of theatre: disguise, artistic expression, dramatic narration and performance

Performative and moral issues in the theatrical metaphor

Three major thinkers of theatre, Erving Goffman, Marvin Carlson and Bruce Wilshire, admit that theatre is an essential and central metaphor for life. Nevertheless, the two main questions of their discussion are, on the one hand, the existence of a range of moral criteria and values that differentiates the two worlds and, on the other, the possibility of defining the threshold between theatre and life

RNA Exosome Regulated Antisense and Divergent Noncoding RNA Facilitate AID Targeting Throughout the B Cell Genome

Vertebrate immune systems are armed with the ability to generate highly specific immune responses capable of responding to nearly any foreign molecular threat. One of the major mediators of this response is immunoglobulins (Igs) produced by B lymphocytes. The specificity of individual Igs is created through a tightly orchestrated series of somatic DNA manipulations at Ig encoding loci resulting in functional gene rearrangements and nucleotide substitutions. These events serve to create a pool of naive B cells expressing Igs with distinct specificities, capable of expansion in response to antigen specific selection. Affinity of Ig towards antigen is enhanced through nucleotide substitutions introduced at the antigen binding variable region gene segments through the enzyme activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID) during the process of somatic hypermutation (SHM). AID also generates point mutations within noncoding DNA segments of the Ig heavy chain locus that are processed into double strand breaks leading to constant region isotype switching during class switch recombination (CSR). The Ig diversification processes of SHM and CSR critically depend upon transcriptional activation of the relevant DNA segments. Transcription is thought to facilitate single strand DNA substrate recognition by AID during unwinding of the DNA duplex. The 3'-5' exoribonuclease RNA exosome serves as a transcription dependent cofactor of AID. RNA exosome is comprised of multiple structurally integral core subunits and associated nuclease subunits. In this work, RNA exosome core subunit Exosc3 and nuclease Exosc10 have been targeted for conditional mutagenesis and loss of function analysis in mouse cells. RNA exosome deficient B cells were significantly impaired in AID dependent SHM and CSR Ig diversification processes. Transcriptome analyses revealed a striking accumulation of promoter proximal antisense divergent noncoding transcripts (xTSS-RNA) at a subset of genes upon loss of RNA exosome function. xTSS-RNAs mark regions of chromatin containing RNA exosome activity. Multiple known AID target sites including IgH and Myc were observed to express xTSS-RNA. Furthermore, genomic sites of recurrent AID dependent chromosomal translocations were enriched for xTSS-RNA. In addition to promoter proximal xTSS-RNA, cryptic intragenic antisense noncoding transcripts were found to accumulate at many genomic loci. In fact, multiple translocation hotspots precisely overlap regions of RNA exosome sensitive antisense transcription. AID targeted divergently transcribed promoters containing RNA exosome substrates possessed greater amounts of RNA:DNA hybrids, indicative of frequent transcriptional arrest. Lastly, RNA exosome deficient transcriptomes have revealed a substantial number of novel long intergenic noncoding RNAs and enhancer RNAs, indicating a hidden layer of cellular transcriptional activity. A model of AID targeting utilizing transcriptional arrest is becoming increasingly apparent. Transcribed chromatin prone to undergo transcriptional arrest, such as Ig loci or xTSS-RNA expressing regions, frequently undergoes premature transcription termination coupled to RNA exosome mediated degradation of the nascent transcript. This process results in the creation of AID substrates and serves to stabilize its association with chromatin through multiple interactions involving RNA exosome and transcription complex subunits

Η προσέγγιση και η χρήση της τροπικότητας του δημοτικού τραγουδιού και του βυζαντινού μέλους στο συνθετικό έργο του Πέτρου Πετρίδη

Ο Πέτρος Πετρίδης (1892-1977) υπήρξε μια πολυσχιδής προσωπικότητα που υπηρέτησε για περισσότερα από πενήντα χρόνια την ιδέα της έντεχνης ελληνικής μουσικής δημιουργίας αφήνοντας έναν αξιόλογο αριθμό έργων. Στην παρούσα μελέτη καταγράφονται βιογραφικά και εργογραφικά στοιχεία του συνθέτη, καθώς και η θεωρητική του σκέψη που σχετίζεται άμεσα με τη μουσική του δημιουργία. Επιπλέον, αναλύονται τροπικά και μορφολογικά ορισμένα αντιπροσωπευτικά του έργα. Στο πλαίσιο της Εθνικής Σχολής Μουσικής η χρήση της τροπικότητας αποτέλεσε την κινητήρια δύναμη της συνθετικής σκέψης του Πετρίδη, αφού ήταν αντίθετος με άλλες μεθόδους, όπως η αυτούσια χρήση ή η μίμηση δημοτικών και εκκλησιαστικών μελωδιών-μοτίβων και η εν γένει στερεοτυπική χρήση «ελληνικών» στοιχείων. Ο Πετρίδης εμβάθυνε στα ζητήματα της τροπικότητας μέσα από τις μουσικές καταγραφές που πραγματοποίησε σε τραγούδια της Καππαδοκίας. Τις γνώσεις που αποκόμισε προσπάθησε να τις αξιοποιήσει στο επίπεδο της έντεχνης μουσικής δημιουργίας και στο πλαίσιο του δυτικού συγκερασμένου και κλιμακοκεντρικού τρόπου σκέψης του. Έτσι, επινόησε ένα πολύ ιδιαίτερο και προσωπικό τροπικό σύστημα, το οποίο ανέπτυξε περαιτέρω μέσα από τη μίξη τροπικών και τονικών στοιχείων, αλλά και μέσω της πολυτροπικότητας.Petros Petridis (1892-1977) was a multifaceted personality who for more than fifty years-served the idea of Greek music making, leaving us with a remarkable number of works. The present thesis delves into the biography and the works of the composer, as well as his theoretical thinking that is directly related to his musical creation. In addition, some of his representative compositions are analysed in relation to their modality and morphology. Within the framework of Greece’s “National School of Music”, the use of modes was the driving force of Petridis's synthetic thought, as he opposed other methods, such as the use or imitation of folk and ecclesiastical melodies and motifs, and the stereotypical use of the "Greek" element. Petridis deepened his understanding of the issues of modality through the musical transcriptions he made of songs from Cappadocia. He attempted to use this knowledge he gained in his music creation while remaining in the framework of his western temperament and scale-centric way of thinking. Thus, he devised a very unique and personal modal system, which he further developed through the mixing of modal and tonal elements and through polymodality

Διεθνή λογιστικά πρότυπα στις ελληνικές επιχειρήσεις εμπορίας οπωροκηπευτικών

Η παρούσα εργασία έχει ως σκοπό να παρουσιάσει την έως τώρα πορεία εφαρμογής των Διεθνών Λογιστικών Προτύπων (ΔΛΠ) από τις ελληνικές επιχειρήσεις εμπορίας οπωροκηπευτικών. Για αυτό το σκοπό αρχικά γίνεται σύντομη παρουσίαση των ΔΛΠ, δηλαδή, της χρησιμότητάς τους και του τρόπου κατάρτισής τους. Έπειτα, γίνεται μία σύντομη επισκόπηση των Ελληνικών Λογιστικών Προτύπων και σύγκρισή τους με τα ΔΛΠ, καθώς και αναφορά στα οφέλη από την υιοθέτηση των ΔΛΠ από τις ελληνικές επιχειρήσεις. Εν συνεχεία, γίνεται παρουσίαση των σταδίων που πρέπει να ακολουθηθούν για την μετάβαση στα ΔΛΠ, καθώς και την έως τώρα εμπειρία από την υιοθέτηση των ΔΛΠ από ελληνικές επιχειρήσεις. Τέλος παρατίθενται τα αποτελέσματα από την προσπάθεια χαρτογράφησης της εφαρμογής των ΔΛΠ, στον κλάδο της εμπορίας φρούτων και λαχανικών στην Ελλάδα, ενώ επίσης γίνεται προσπάθεια εξήγησης των αποτελεσμάτων αυτών.The purpose οf this paper is to present the current state οf implementation οf the International Accounting Standards (IAS) in Greek fruit and vegetable trading sector. Thus, we first present IAS, i.e., their usefulness and how they are prepared. In addition, we compare the Greek Accounting Standards to IAS. Then, we present the benefits of adapting IASs fοr the Greek companies, as well as, the steps that need to be followed for the transition to IAS. Furthermore, sοme empirical evidence from the adoption of IASs by Greek companies are presented. Finally, we present the results οf οur effοrt tο map the applicatiοn οf IAS in the fruit and vegetable trading sectοr in Greece, as well as an attempt tο explain these results

Histone H3 globular domain acetylation identifies a new class of enhancers

Histone acetylation is generally associated with active chromatin, but most studies have focused on the acetylation of histone tails. Various histone H3 and H4 tail acetylations mark the promoters of active genes. These modifications include acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27ac), which blocks Polycomb-mediated trimethylation of H3K27 (H3K27me3). H3K27ac is also widely used to identify active enhancers, and the assumption has been that profiling H3K27ac is a comprehensive way of cataloguing the set of active enhancers in mammalian cell types. Here we show that acetylation of lysine residues in the globular domain of histone H3 (lysine 64 (H3K64ac) and lysine 122 (H3K122ac)) marks active gene promoters and also a subset of active enhancers. Moreover, we find a new class of active functional enhancers that is marked by H3K122ac but lacks H3K27ac. This work suggests that, to identify enhancers, a more comprehensive analysis of histone acetylation is required than has previously been considered

Epigenomic modifications mediating antibody maturation

Epigenetic modifications, such as histone modifications, DNA methylation status, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), all contribute to antibody maturation during somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class-switch recombination (CSR). Histone modifications alter the chromatin landscape and, together with DNA primary and tertiary structures, they help recruit Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID) to the immunoglobulin (Ig) locus. AID is a potent DNA mutator, which catalyzes cytosine-to-uracil deamination on single-stranded DNA to create U:G mismatches. It has been shown that alternate chromatin modifications, in concert with ncRNAs and potentially DNA methylation, regulate AID recruitment and stabilize DNA repair factors. We, hereby, assess the combination of these distinct modifications and discuss how they contribute to initiating differential DNA repair pathways at the Ig locus, which ultimately leads to enhanced antibody-antigen binding affinity (SHM) or antibody isotype switching (CSR). We will also highlight how misregulation of epigenomic regulation during DNA repair can compromise antibody development and lead to a number of immunological syndromes and cancer