The Presence of Toxocara Eggs on Dog’s Fur as Potential Zoonotic Risk in Animal-Assisted Interventions: A Systematic Review

Animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) usually contribute to the well-being and health of users/patients, but it is essential that the animals involved in these activities do not represent a source of zoonoses. This systematic review focused on the evaluation of the potential risk of the transmission of Toxocara by dogs’ fur, considering their involvement as the main animal species in AAIs. Three databases were considered: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, and the PRISMA guidelines were used. Out of 162 articles found, 14 papers were identified as eligible for inclusion in the review. Although the findings were very heterogeneous, they showed that regular parasitological surveillance to plan effective control programs is strongly needed to guarantee the health of pets and consequently the public health, according to the concept of One Health. Since AAIs involve patients and/or users potentially susceptible, it is very important to appropriately treat dogs enrolled in these interventions after an accurate diagnosis of parasitic zoonoses

Parasitic infections in dogs involved in animal-assisted interventions

Animal Assisted Interventions (AAIs) programmes have been considered useful in different settings, such as hospital, therapeutic, educational and assisted living environments. In these contexts, all animals, and particularly dogs, should be subjected to appropriate health controls to prevent a potential risk of transmission of zoonotic agents. Domestic dogs are reservoirs of many zoonotic pathogens including several gastrointestinal parasites (protozoa and helminths). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of the protozoan Giardia duodenalis and zoonotic gastrointestinal nematodes (geohelminths) in dogs hosted in a dog educational centre in the city of Naples (southern Italy) where the animals were trained to AAI. Between April and June 2016, 74 dog faecal samples were analysed using the FLOTAC dual technique to detect G. duodenalis cysts and other parasitic elements. Out of the 74 faecal samples examined, 18 (24.3%; 95% CI = 15.4–35.9) were positive for parasitic elements. Specifically, 8 were positive for G. duodenalis (44.4%; 95% CI = 22.4–68.7). In addition, some co-infections were also found: one sample (5.6%; 95% CI = 0.3–29.4) resulted positive to both Toxocara canis and Trichuris vulpis and two samples (11.1%; 95% CI = 1.9–36.1) were positive to both G. duodenalis and Ancylostomidae. Given that children, young adults and immunocompromised individuals are among the main users of the AAIs, specific guidelines targeting G. duodenalis and other gastrointestinal zoonotic parasites should be formulated in order to develop effective control and prevention strategies and reduce the zoonotic risk favoured by the human-dog interaction

Conceptions about teaching in engineering teachers: design and validation of a dilemmas questionnaire and descriptive study

El presente trabajo consiste en el diseño y validación de un cuestionario de dilemas elaborado para indagar concepciones sobre la enseñanza en docentes de ingeniería. El marco teórico desde el cual fueron interpretadas las concepciones es el de las teorías implícitas, asumiendo que son representaciones que, si bien están explícitamente constituidas en la memoria cognitiva, poseen cierto carácter implícito desde la posibilidad que tiene el sujeto de hacerlas conscientes y verbalizarlas. La versión final del cuestionario consiste en doce dilemas que abarcan aspectos vinculados con ?qué? y con ?cómo? se enseña. Cada dilema tiene tres opciones de respuesta, correspondiendo cada una con las tres concepciones sobre la enseñanza obtenidas en un estudio previo de carácter cualitativo. La versión final del instrumento mostró un grado de fiabilidad aceptable (Alfa de Cronbach = 0,702). La prueba piloto aplicada a una muestra de 100 docentes de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata mostró que este instrumento es útil para describir sus concepciones sobre la enseñanza.The present work consists in the adaptation and validation of a dilemma questionnaire, designed to investigate conceptions about teaching in engineering professors. The conceptions were analyzed from a conceptual framework of implicit theories. It was assumed that these are representations that may be explicitly constituted in cognitive memory. However, they may also possess a certain implicit character from the subject's ability to make them conscious and verbalize them. The final version of the questionnaire consists of twelve dilemmas that cover aspects related to “what” is taught and also to “how” it is taught. Each dilemma has three response options, which correspond with the three conceptionsabout teaching obtained in a previous qualitative study. The final version of the instrument showed an acceptable degree of reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0,702). The pilot test applied to a sample of 100 teachers from the Faculty of Engineering of the National University of Mar del Plata confirmed that this instrument is useful to describe their conceptions of teaching.Fil: Buffa, Fabián Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: García, María Basilisa. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Moro, Lucrecia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Menna, Máximo. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Massa, Paola Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Fanovich, Maria Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Fuchs, Vanesa Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentin

Development of cognitive and metacognitive strategies associated with chemistry learning in engineering students

En este trabajo se indaga el grado de desarrollo de estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas (ECyM) asociadas al aprendizaje de la Química en estudiantes de ingeniería, mediante un estudio con diseño ex post facto. El instrumento utilizado, adaptado del cuestionario de motivación y estrategias de aprendizaje (MSLQ), se administró a 20 estudiantes ingresantes, en 2019, y luego en 2do año en la asignatura Química Orgánica. El análisis estadístico de las respuestas reveló un aumento en el uso de ECyM, aunque éstas no fueron enseñadas deliberadamente. Los resultados son alentadores respecto al desarrollo de ECyM, ya que la tendencia es una disminución del uso de habilidades asociadas a la repetición y el recuerdo, en pos de un aumento del uso de estrategias vinculadas con un mayor procesamiento de la información.This work investigates the degree of development of cognitive and metacognitive strategies (EC&M) associated with the learning of Chemistry in engineering students, through an ex post facto study. The instrument used, adapted from the motivation and learning strategies questionnaire (MSLQ), was administered to 20 incoming students, in 2019, and then in the 2nd year in the Organic Chemistry subject. Statistical analysis of the responses revealed an increase in the use of EC&M, although these were not deliberately taught. The results are encouraging regarding the development of EC&M, since the trend is a decrease in the use of skills associated with repetition and recall, in pursuit of an increase in the use of strategies linked to greater information processing.Fil: Buffa, Fabián Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Moro, Lucrecia Ethel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Massa, Paola Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Fanovich, Maria Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Menna, Máximo Bernardo. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Fuchs, Vanesa Maria. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: García Nuñez, Daniela. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentin

Las competencias genéricas en estudiantes de ingeniería: estudio del grado de adquisición y desarrollo de la capacidad de autorregulación del aprendizaje

In the present work, the degree of acquisition of self-regulated learning (SRL) in students from the first and the fifth year of different Engineering careers at the National University of Mar del Plata (UNMDP) is described. The studies were exploratory and descriptive in nature, with an ex post facto design. The instrument used was the Motivation and Learning Strategies Questionnaire (MSLQ) (Pintrich, 1991). The results from the dimension "Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategies" are presented, in their corresponding subdimensions: Essay; Elaboration; Organization; Critical thinking; Metacognitive selfregulation. The participants were approximately 300 first-year students and 100 fifth-year students from the Faculty of Engineering. The answers of the questionnaire were analyzed, carrying out univariate descriptive statistics through graphs and descriptive statistics of each of the ordinal categorical variables involved. Although 5th year students show some development in some SRL-related competencies, they are still far from desirable. Given that these skills are not innate or intuitive, but rather need to be taught and learned, it will be necessary to incorporate them into the programs of the different subjects of the Engineering careers at the UNMDP and to design different strategies able to make explicit self-regulated learning.En el presente trabajo se describe el grado de adquisición de la capacidad de autorregulación del aprendizaje (ARA) en los estudiantes de primer y quinto año de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Los estudios realizados tuvieron carácter exploratorio-descriptivo, con un diseño ex post facto. Como instrumento se utilizó el cuestionario de motivación y estrategias para el aprendizaje (MSLQ) (Pintrich, 1991). Para la variable que se ha estudiado, se presentan los resultados de la dimensión “Estrategias Cognitivas y Metacognitivas”, en sus correspondientes sub-dimensiones: Ensayo; Elaboración; Organización; Pensamiento Crítico; Autorregulación Metacognitiva. Los participantes de esta instancia fueron aproximadamente 300 estudiantes de primer año y 100 estudiantes de quinto año de las diferentes carreras de la facultad. Se analizaron los resultados obtenidos a partir del cuestionario, realizando una estadística descriptiva univariada por medio de gráficos y estadísticos descriptivos de cada una de las variables categóricas ordinales involucradas. Si bien los estudiantes de quinto año muestran cierto desarrollo en algunas competencias relacionadas con la ARA, aún están lejos de ser lo deseable. Dado que estas habilidades no son innatas ni intuitivas, sino que requieren ser enseñadas y aprendidas, será necesaria su incorporación en los programas de las distintas asignaturas de los planes de estudio de las carreras de ingeniería de la UNMDP y el diseño de estrategias que hagan explícito el aprendizaje autorregulado.Fil: Buffa, Fabián Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: García, María Basilisa. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Educación Cientifica; ArgentinaFil: Menna, Máximo Bernardo. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Moro, Lucrecia Ethel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Massa, Paola Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Fuchs, Vanesa Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Fanovich, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: García Nuñez, Daniela. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentin

p140Cap Regulates GABAergic Synaptogenesis and Development of Hippocampal Inhibitory Circuits

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Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London