ESTUDIO DE DATOS DE FRECUENTACION Y DEMANDA ASISTENCIAL EN URGENCIAS INFANTIL DEL HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO VIRGEN DE LA ARRIXACA DE MURCIA EN EL PERIODO ENERO 2000 A DICIEMBRE 2004.

Our study population were patients attending the Unit of Paediatric Care at the Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, from January/2000 to December/2004. The goal was to analyse the characteristics of the assistance demand of these patients and emphasize the increase of the hospital attendance, due to, mainly, the rise of the infant population. We allso wanted to stress the importance of the hospital information systems as a reliable source to ascertain the actual situation.El ámbito de estudio del trabajo está centrado en los pacientes asistidos en el Servicio de Urgencias Pediátricas (SUP) del Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HUVA) durante el periodo enero de 2000 a diciembre de 2004, siendo el objetivo analizar las características de la demanda asistencial de dichos pacientes y destacar el incremento de la frecuentación ocasionado, entre otros motivos, por el aumento de la población infantil. Por otra parte subrayar la importancia de los sistemas de información hospitalarios como fuente del conocimiento de la situación real que posibilitan la realización de informes capaces de facilitar la toma de decisiones encaminadas a solucionar problemas como la masificación asistencial. Como metodología se ha optado por el estudio retrospectivo, obsevacional y descriptivo de las demandas de asistencia urgente en pacientes menores de 10 años durante 5 años (los que transcurren desde 2000 a 2004) y basado en el análisis de las bases de datos del Sistema de Información Hospitalario. No se ha elegido muestra como tal, si no que se ha estudiado la totalidad de las urgencias asistidas, de acuerdo al registro administrativo reflejado en las bases de datos del aplicativo informático del hospital (HPHis). Los datos extraídos se han analizado en Acces, Excel, SPSS y posteriormente desarrollado tablas dinámicas y gráficos pertinentes para poder explicar los resultados obtenidos. Destaca el aumento de la población en el municipio de Murcia; con el consiguiente aumento de la demanda asistencial de Urgencias infantiles. En el estudio la mayor incidencia pertenece a niños de 1 a 5 años y de varones sobre hembras. Teniendo en cuenta que el HUVA es el único centro público del municipio murciano, con Urgencias infantiles y el único de la Región como tal con independencia del resto de urgencias (generales o adultos y ginecológicas), sólo el 44% de los niños pertenecerían realmente al HUVA. El motivo de urgencia es mayoritariamente la enfermedad común, siguiendo accidentes domésticos y de tráfico. En cuanto a la permanencia, la mayor parte de los niños están en el SUP menos de 4 horas, siendo el motivo de alta más frecuente el domicilio; sólo el 7% son finalmente hospitalizados. Existe una constancia horaria en la asistencia que coincide con las salidas de los colegios, siendo las horas de mayor presión las últimas de la tarde y primeras de la noche. Uno de los datos más significativos es el exceso de demanda en los días del fin de semana por la falta de servicios de atención pediátrica, no sólo de urgencias sino de consulta no urgente. Se estudian también otros datos de interés como financiación de la asistencia y estacionalidad según contrastes mes y año del periodo estudiado. Se concluye que el aumento de la demanda de asistencia sanitaria en las puertas del SUP del HUVA motivado por la falta de otro tipo de prestación sustitutiva es evidencia de una falta de toma de decisiones políticas y administrativas. El conocimiento de la situación y de las características del entorno y de las peculiaridades del paciente pediátrico facilitarían la toma de decisiones encaminadas a resolver los problemas de saturación, elevando la calidad de la sintética prestada. Un correcto funcionamiento de los sistemas de información con elaboración de cuadros de mando puntuales y objetivos deben servir para prevenir situaciones no deseables en la sanidad pública

COMPUESTOS FUNCIONALES DE LA LECHE MATERNA

Newborns have special nutritional requirements due to the incomplete development of their organic systems, which will diminish once the organs acquire full functionality. In the complete development of the infant organism, not only the correct nutrition of the child has a great contribution, but also many other functional compounds naturally present in breast milk such as Hormones, growth factors, neuropeptides, anti-inflammatory agents and immunomodulator agents. A thorough review of the scientific literature regarding the properties and occurrence of such functional compounds in breast milk has been carried out due to their importance in the elaboration of infant food. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to give enough scientific evidence for the use of these compounds as functional ingredients in the production of infant formulas. In general, infant formulas lack in these bioactive compounds, hence their supplementation with bioactive compounds as ingredients might increase the nutritional value of the infant formulas achieving the same positive effects that human milk has on infants.Los recién nacidos poseen unas necesidades nutritivas especiales debido al incompleto desarrollo de sus sistemas de órganos, que irán abandonando conforme estos sistemas vayan adquiriendo su completa funcionalidad. Al correcto desarrollo del organismo infantil va a contribuir no sólo la correcta nutrición del niño, sino también la acción de muchos compuestos funcionales presentes en la leche materna, entre los que destacan: hormonas, factores de crecimiento, neuropéptidos, agentes antiinflamatorios y agentes inmunomoduladores. Debido a la importancia que tienen estos compuestos en la alimentación infantil hemos realizado una revisión bibliográfica sobre sus diferentes propiedades y su presencia en la leche materna, con el objetivo de poder justificar el empleo de estos productos como ingredientes funcionales en la elaboración de las fórmulas infantiles. En general, dichas fórmulas son deficitarias en estos compuestos bioactivos, por lo que su adición como ingrediente podría incrementar la calidad nutricional de las fórmulas infantiles consiguiendo los mismos efectos positivos que sobre el niño tiene la lactancia materna

El yacimiento kárstico del Pleistoceno Superior de la Cueva del Camino en el Calvero de la Higuera (Pinilla del Valle, Madrid)

Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Molecular Gastronomy in Spain

[EN] Beyond the overwhelming international success of Ferrán Adria, Spain has been one of the countries with a more active implication in molecular gastronomy as a scientific discipline but also in the use of ingredients, technologies, and equipment from the scientificand technological universe in the culinary area. Nowadays, this is a well-established discipline in Spain, with a number of research groups covering related topics, several companies commercializing appliances and additives worldwide, and renowned international chefs and many restaurants and companies committed to the collaboration with scientists for facing the future of Spanish gastronomyThe authors would like to thank the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) for funding the Collaborative Network “INDAGA” (AGL2007-28589- E/ALI; AGL2009-05765-E), which enabled their collaboration.García Segovia, P.; Garrido, MD.; Vercet Tormo, A.; Arboleya, JC.; Fiszman Dal Santo, S.; Martínez Monzó, J.; Laguarda, S.... (2014). Molecular Gastronomy in Spain. Journal of Culinary Science and Technology. 12(4):279-293. https://doi.org/10.1080/15428052.2014.914813S27929312

Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum range 0.7 $< p_{\rm{T}, assoc} < p_{\rm{T}, trig} <$ 5.0 GeV/$c$ is examined, to include correlations induced by jets originating from low momen\-tum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range $|\eta|<0.9$. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent fragmentation of multiple parton--parton scatterings, while the yield related to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton interactions even in the highest multiplicity p-Pb collisions. Further, the number scales in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation.Comment: 23 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 17, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/161

Charge separation relative to the reaction plane in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}= 2.76 TeV

Measurements of charge dependent azimuthal correlations with the ALICE detector at the LHC are reported for Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ TeV. Two- and three-particle charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in the pseudo-rapidity range $|\eta| < 0.8$ are presented as a function of the collision centrality, particle separation in pseudo-rapidity, and transverse momentum. A clear signal compatible with a charge-dependent separation relative to the reaction plane is observed, which shows little or no collision energy dependence when compared to measurements at RHIC energies. This provides a new insight for understanding the nature of the charge dependent azimuthal correlations observed at RHIC and LHC energies.Comment: 12 pages, 3 captioned figures, authors from page 2 to 6, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/286

Multi-particle azimuthal correlations in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Measurements of multi-particle azimuthal correlations (cumulants) for charged particles in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions are presented. They help address the question of whether there is evidence for global, flow-like, azimuthal correlations in the p-Pb system. Comparisons are made to measurements from the larger Pb-Pb system, where such evidence is established. In particular, the second harmonic two-particle cumulants are found to decrease with multiplicity, characteristic of a dominance of few-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions. However, when a $|\Delta \eta|$ gap is placed to suppress such correlations, the two-particle cumulants begin to rise at high-multiplicity, indicating the presence of global azimuthal correlations. The Pb-Pb values are higher than the p-Pb values at similar multiplicities. In both systems, the second harmonic four-particle cumulants exhibit a transition from positive to negative values when the multiplicity increases. The negative values allow for a measurement of $v_{2}\{4\}$ to be made, which is found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions at similar multiplicities. The second harmonic six-particle cumulants are also found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions. In Pb-Pb collisions, we generally find $v_{2}\{4\} \simeq v_{2}\{6\}\neq 0$ which is indicative of a Bessel-Gaussian function for the $v_{2}$ distribution. For very high-multiplicity Pb-Pb collisions, we observe that the four- and six-particle cumulants become consistent with 0. Finally, third harmonic two-particle cumulants in p-Pb and Pb-Pb are measured. These are found to be similar for overlapping multiplicities, when a $|\Delta\eta| > 1.4$ gap is placed.Comment: 25 pages, 11 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 20, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/87

A note on comonotonicity and positivity of the control components of decoupled quadratic FBSDE

In this small note we are concerned with the solution of Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (FBSDE) with drivers that grow quadratically in the control component (quadratic growth FBSDE or qgFBSDE). The main theorem is a comparison result that allows comparing componentwise the signs of the control processes of two different qgFBSDE. As a byproduct one obtains conditions that allow establishing the positivity of the control process.Comment: accepted for publicatio

Transverse sphericity of primary charged particles in minimum bias proton-proton collisions at s=0.9\sqrt{s}=0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV

Measurements of the sphericity of primary charged particles in minimum bias proton--proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=0.9$, 2.76 and 7 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC are presented. The observable is linearized to be collinear safe and is measured in the plane perpendicular to the beam direction using primary charged tracks with $p_{\rm T}\geq0.5$ GeV/c in $|\eta|\leq0.8$. The mean sphericity as a function of the charged particle multiplicity at mid-rapidity ($N_{\rm ch}$) is reported for events with different $p_{\rm T}$ scales ("soft" and "hard") defined by the transverse momentum of the leading particle. In addition, the mean charged particle transverse momentum versus multiplicity is presented for the different event classes, and the sphericity distributions in bins of multiplicity are presented. The data are compared with calculations of standard Monte Carlo event generators. The transverse sphericity is found to grow with multiplicity at all collision energies, with a steeper rise at low $N_{\rm ch}$, whereas the event generators show the opposite tendency. The combined study of the sphericity and the mean $p_{\rm T}$ with multiplicity indicates that most of the tested event generators produce events with higher multiplicity by generating more back-to-back jets resulting in decreased sphericity (and isotropy). The PYTHIA6 generator with tune PERUGIA-2011 exhibits a noticeable improvement in describing the data, compared to the other tested generators.Comment: 21 pages, 9 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 16, published version, figures from http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/308