Representació del passat : ciència i ficció

Aquest treball fa un repàs del cinema de ficció que ha tractat la prehistòria. Al voltanta de 90 pel·lícules han transmès a la societat idees que mostren quin és el coneixement que a hores d’ara tenim sobre els aspectes més rellevants dels nostres origens, però també reflecteixen les idees preconcebudes que tenim sobre nosaltres mateixos i obre la reflexió a cóm les pel•lícules ens parlen més del present que del passat i la importància que té el context social i històric de les pel•lícules en la representació qu es fa del passat, tant a nivell estètic com el que fa a les qüestions que ens preocupen com a societat humana.This work analyse the fast 90 films of prehistoric past produced until 201

Approach to a horizontal heritage educational model from three cases

La investigación en educación patrimonial ha permitido definir una serie de modelos que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en los ámbitos formal y no formal. Este trabajo se sitúa en al ámbito informal. El objeto es avanzar en el desarrollo de un modelo de educación patrimonial horizontal mediante redes de colaboración entre asociaciones, entidades e instituciones.Se han estudiado tres casos de acción sobre el patrimonio en tres contextos diferentes: rural, urbano y periurbano, seleccionados por su carácter informal y dialógico. Los objetivos son: reflexionar sobre la construcción de una educación patrimonial horizontal y definir métodos y estrategias, detectando dificultades e identificando fortalezas. Para ello utilizamos una metodología cualitativa en el análisis de la información obtenida durante los procesos de planificación, ejecución y evaluación. Incorporamos las valoraciones de los agentes. Como conclusión, se aproxima la definición de un modelo de educación patrimonial horizontal en el que destaca el rol de los actores, la importancia de su participación en todas las fases de los proyectos y la creación de contextos de interacción social vinculados con el patrimonio.Research in heritage education has made it possible to define a series of models that are developed mainly in the formal and non-formal fields. This study concerns informal education. The aim is to advance in the development of a model of horizontal heritage education through networks of collaboration between associations, entities and institutions. Three cases of heritage action have been studied in three different contexts: rural, urban and peri-urban, selected for their informal and dialogical character. The objectives are: to think about the building of horizontal patrimonial education and to define methods and strategies, identifying difficulties and identifying strengths. To do this, we use a qualitative methodology to analyse information obtained during the planning, execution and evaluation processes. We incorporate the evaluation of the participants. As a conclusion, we are moving towards the definition of a horizontal heritage education model, which emphasizes the role of the participants, the importance of their participation in all phases of the projects, and the creation of contexts of social interaction linked to heritage

Análisis de una experiencia de ocio inclusivo para mayores afectados de demencia y Alzheimer en el Museu Comarcal de l'Horta Sud (Torrent, Valencia) [Analysis of an inclusive leisure experience for older people suffering from dementia and alzheimer's disease at the museu comarcal de l'Horta Sud (Torrent, Valencia)]

Presentamos el análisis de una experiencia piloto de ocio inclusivo para adultos mayores afectados de Alzheimer y otros tipos de demencia, familiares y cuidadores, en el Museu Comarcal de l'Horta Sud. El objetivo de esta investigación es el diseño y evaluación de un programa de actividades educativas y de ocio cultural, orientadas a mejorar la sociabilidad y manifestación de sentimientos y emociones de las personas participantes. En este proceso han intervenido los investigadores, miembros del equipo del museo y expertos en la prevención de enfermedades neurodegenerativas. Se ha realizado una triangulación entre diferentes sistemas de evaluación: entrevistas, grupos de discusión y observación participante. Los resultados indican que estas enfermedades no suponen obstáculo para la accesibilidad a las experiencias museísticas. We present the analysis of a pilot experience of inclusive leisure for old people affected by Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia, family and carers, at the Museu Comarcal de l'Horta Sud. The objective of this research is the design and evaluation of a program of educational and cultural activities, oriented to improve the sociability and expression of feelings and emotions of the people involved. In this process were implicated researchers, members of the team of the museum and experts in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Triangulation between different systems of evaluation has been done: surveys, focus groups, and participant observation. The results indicate that there are not obstacles to the accessibility of the experiences in the museum for people affected by those diseases

Palaeolithic – Epipalaeolithic Seapeople of the Southern Iberian coast (Spain): an overview

The significance of coastal areas to human survival and expansion on the planet is undeniable. Their ecological diversity and their use as communication routes are some of their most distinctive qualities. However, the evidence of exploitation of these resources has had an uneven preservation, which is limited to certain regions and more recent events, mainly sites with deposits from the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene. This paper analyses the data available on the use of marine resources between MIS 6 and MIS 1 (c. 150 – 9 ka BP) in Southern Iberia, one of the first regions in Europe where marine faunal remains were discovered, in archaeological deposits from Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. Therefore their presence here has not been a criterion of separation between Neanderthals and Modern humans, but it may be relevant to analyze changes in the use of small preys or assess the economic diversification in regions where this came at an early date. One of the aims of this study was to evaluate the diachronic trends of the different palaeobiological marine remains recovered from coastal and inland archaeological sites. This preliminary extract indicates that the analysis of marine resource exploitation cannot be classed as a mere listing of palaeobiological remains. This information may be relevant in the initial stages, but it is insufficient in the evaluation of techno-economic and sociocultural transformations that can be linked to the use of marine resources. The distribution of palaeobiological marine remains differs over time and also according to the location of the sites with respect to the changing coastline throughout the period analysed. The known sites that preserve evidence of the use of marine resources as a food source are located mainly on the present coastline, or in a range of less than 10 km. Invertebrate remains have been identified in most, whereas fish, bird and mammal bones only in certain sites. Molluscs used as ornaments or pendants and containers are more widely distributed than other species used for food. Because these data must be contextualized, bone and stone tools linked to the exploitation of the marine environment have been added to the palaeobiological information, drawing inferences based on the analogy between both ethnologically and archaeologically documented tools. Symbolic expressions have also been studied, given the significant number of painted and engraved marine fauna depictions, specifically pisciforms and mammals, found in southern Iberia. Lastly, available molecular data has also been evaluated, from the results of isotope analysis on human remains. This combination of palaeobiological, techno-economic, graphic-symbolic and molecular data, allows a first assessment of the use of marine resources in the region

Revisiting the epidemiology of bloodstream infections and healthcare-associated episodes: results from a multicentre prospective cohort in Spain (PRO-BAC Study)

PROBAC REIPI/GEIH-SEIMC/SAEI Group.The epidemiology of bloodstream infections (BSIs) is dynamic as it depends on microbiological, host and healthcare system factors. The aim of this study was to update the information regarding the epidemiology of BSIs in Spain considering the type of acquisition. An observational, prospective cohort study in 26 Spanish hospitals from October 2016 through March 2017 including all episodes of BSI in adults was performed. Bivariate analyses stratified by type of acquisition were performed. Multivariate analyses were performed by logistic regression. Overall, 6345 BSI episodes were included; 2510 (39.8%) were community-acquired (CA), 1661 (26.3%) were healthcare-associated (HCA) and 2056 (32.6%) hospital-acquired (HA). The 30-day mortality rates were 11.6%, 19.5% and 22.0%, respectively. The median age of patients was 71 years (interquartile range 60–81 years) and 3656 (58.3%; 95% confidence interval 57.1–59.6%) occurred in males. The proportions according to patient sex varied according to age strata. Escherichia coli (43.8%), Klebsiella spp. (8.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (8.9%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (7.4%) were the most frequent pathogens. Multivariate analyses confirmed important differences between CA and HCA episodes, but also between HCA and HA episodes, in demographics, underlying conditions and aetiology. In conclusion, we have updated the epidemiological information regarding patients’ profiles, underlying conditions, frequency of acquisition types and aetiological agents of BSI in Spain. HCA is confirmed as a distinct type of acquisition.This work was financed by grants from Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013–2016, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades [PI16/01432] and the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI) [RD16/0016/0001; RD16/0016/0008], co‐financed by the European Development Regional Fund ‘A way to achieve Europe’, Operative program Intelligent Growth 2014–2020

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Precariedad, exclusión social y modelo de sociedad: lógicas y efectos subjetivos del sufrimiento social contemporáneo (IV). Innovación docente en Filosofía

El PIMCD “Precariedad, exclusión social y modelo de sociedad: lógicas y efectos subjetivos del sufrimiento social contemporáneo (IV). Innovación docente en Filosofía” constituye la cuarta edición de un PIMCD que ha recibido financiación en las últimas convocatorias de PIMCD UCM, de los que se han derivado actividades de formación para estudiantes de Grado, Máster y Doctorado y al menos 3 publicaciones colectivas publicadas por Ediciones Complutense, Siglo XXI y Palgrave McMillan

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Pulso

Monográfico con el título: “Educación y patrimonio: innovación y reflexión"Título, resumen y palabras clave también en inglésResumen basado en el de la publicaciónSe pretende avanzar en el desarrollo de un modelo de educación patrimonial horizontal mediante redes de colaboración entre asociaciones, entidades e instituciones. Se han estudiado tres casos de acción sobre el patrimonio en tres contextos diferentes: rural, urbano y periurbano. Los objetivos son: reflexionar sobre la construcción de una educación patrimonial horizontal y definir métodos y estrategias, detectando dificultades e identificando fortalezas. Para ello utilizamos una metodología cualitativa en el análisis de la información obtenida durante los procesos de planificación, ejecución y evaluación. Incorporamos las valoraciones de los agentes. Como conclusión, se aproxima la definición de un modelo de educación patrimonial horizontal en el que destaca el rol de los actores, la importancia de su participación en todas las fases de los proyectos y la creación de contextos de interacción social vinculados con el patrimonio.ES