Cálculo de modos y tiempos de desplazamiento en una ciudad usando fuentes públicas

En la actualidad existen en Internet distintos servicios gratuitos que proporcionan itinerarios para desplazarse entre dos puntos de una ciudad. La idea del Proyecto Fin de Carrera es extraer automáticamente información de estos servicios para calcular el tiempo que se tarda en desplazarse entre dos puntos de una ciudad usando diversos medios de transporte. La aplicación que se implementa en este proyecto se encuentra enmarcada en un proyecto más grande, formado por varios módulos, que consiste en un sistema de planificación de visitas turísticas a una ciudad, y que está destinada, por ejemplo, para PDA’s. El módulo que implementa este proyecto es el de extracción de la información solicitada de Internet, por lo tanto, es un módulo de gran importancia para el funcionamiento del sistema. El resto de módulos se encargan de otros aspectos de la aplicación, como es la interfaz de usuarios, la comunicación entre módulos, la generación de mapas de la zona, la extracción automática de información de puntos de interés… Como se mencionó anteriormente, es necesaria la extracción automática de información de Internet para llevar a cabo el proyecto. Esto está muy relacionado con la Web Semántica, la Minería Web y los Wrappers. La Web Semántica consiste en dotar de significado y conocimiento a la Web y la Minería Web consiste en la extracción de información de la Web, para lo cuál se sirve de los Wrappers. En nuestro caso, aplicamos las técnicas de Minería Web para la realización del proyecto, para lo cual necesitamos un Wrapper que procese las páginas Web y extraiga la información solicitada. Un paso previo es analizar páginas Web que faciliten la información de tiempo solicitada entre dos puntos de una ciudad, de las cuales hay que seleccionar las más idóneas para nuestro proyecto. Para ello son necesarios los motores de búsqueda, que son los principales instrumentos para buscar información en Internet. Sin embargo, éstos presentan dificultades a la hora de encontrar la información necesaria, derivadas principalmente del lenguaje HTML con el que se crean los documentos Web. Este lenguaje no dota de significado o semántica a los documentos, por lo tanto, es complicado encontrar páginas Web concretas con la información requerida. A esto trata de dar solución la Web Semántica dotando de significado y conocimiento la Web.Ingeniería de Telecomunicació

Efecto de las experiencias corporales sobre el patrón perceptivo y el juicio en ballet : un estudio de casos en danza clásica

Este estudio de casos analizó la influencia de tener experiencias corporales previas (a nivel visual, motriz y de enseñanza) en danza clásica sobre las estrategias de búsqueda visual y de juicio perceptivo. Tres participantes de danza clásica, con diferentes experiencias visuales, motrices, y de enseñanza (i.e., participante experto, participante intermedio, participante novel) percibieron nueve secuencias video-proyectadas de ballet en laboratorio. Se registró el comportamiento visual con un sistema de registro ocular (SMI EYE TRACKING GLASSES 2 WIRELESS). Tras cada ensayo, los participantes emitíanun juicio sobre la calidad con que la bailarina había realizado la secuencia de movimientos. La puntuación se realizó con la planilla de observación validada en danza (Score Sheet for Performance Competence Evaluation in Dance), y posteriormente comparada con la realizada por un profesor experto de danza. Los resultados mostraron un patrón perceptivo diferenciado entre participantes, con diferencias en el número y tiempo de fijaciones en la mayoría de localizaciones corporales. La participante experta mostró un juicio perceptivo similar al profesor de danza ya que no mostraron diferencias en las puntuaciones otorgadas a las ejecuciones de la bailarina. Sin embargo, tuvo una puntuación diferente a la de la participanteintermedia y novel. Tampoco hubo diferencias de puntuaciones entre la participante intermedia y novel. Las experiencias corporales previas de las participantes del estudio en danza clásica in!uyeron en sus estrategias visuales. Específicamente, las experiencias de enseñanza parece que aportaron un valor añadido al juicio perceptivo de la participante experta ya que su juicio fue el más similar al realizado por el profesor experto de danza.This cases study addressed the influence of previous body (visual, motor, and teaching) experiences in classic dance on visual search strategies and perceptual judgments. Three participants of classic dance, with different visual, motor, and teaching experiences (i.e., expert-, intermediate-, and novel- participant) perceived nine video-projected sequences of ballet in a laboratory setting. The visual behaviour was collected with an eye tracking system (SMI EYE TRACKING GLASSES 2 WIRELESS). After each trial, the participants made a judgment about the quality of dancer's performance. The measure of the scores was carried out with the Score Sheet for Performance Competence Evaluation in dance, and after that compared with the scores of an expert teacher of dance. The results revealed a different perceptual pattern between participants, with differences in the number and time of fixations for the most of body locations. The expert participant showed a similar perceptual judgment to the teacher of dance because they did not reported differences in the scoresmarked to the dancer's performance. However, different scores were found between expert participant vs intermediate and novel participants. There were no differences between the intermediate and novel participants. The previous body experiences in classic dance constrained the participants' visual behaviour. Specifically, the teaching experiences seem to sum an added value to the expert participant' judgment because it was the most similar to the expert teacher's one.Este estudo de caso analisou a influência de ter experiências corporais anteriores (visual, motor e de ensino) em dança clássica em estratégias de busca visual e julgamento perceptivo. Três participantes de dança clássica, com diferença visual, experiência de condução, e actividades de formação (um participante especialista, participante intermediária, participante novato) recebeu nove sequências de balé projetada com vídeo no laboratório. O comportamento visual com um sistema de registo olho (SMI EYE TRACKING GLASSES 2 WIRELESS) foi registado. Após cada ensaio, os participantes tiveram de fazer um juízo sobre a qualidade com que a dançarina tinha realizado a sequência de movimentos. A pontuação foi realizada com um formulário validado de observação (Score Sheet for Performance Competence Evaluation in Dance), e depois comparados por um professor especialista dança. Os resultados mostraram um padrão de percepção distinta entre os participantes, com diferenças no número e tempo de fixações na maioria dos locais do corpo. O participante especialista mostrou um julgamento e professora de dança semelhante que não mostrou diferença nas pontuações dadas aos execuções do dançarino. No entanto, ele teve um pontuação diferente que a participante intermediária e novato. Houve também há dezenas diferença entre o participante intermediário e novato. As diferentes experiências corporais anteriores em dança clássica condicionado estratégias visuais dos participantes do estudo. Especificamente, as experiências de ensino na dança clássica parecem ter adicionado valor ao julgamento do participante especialista, uma vez que foi o mais parecido com o realizado pelo professor de dança especialista

Medical needs related to the endoscopic technology and colonoscopy for colorectal cancer diagnosis

Background. The high incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer require new technologies to improve its early diagnosis. This study aims at extracting the medical needs related to the endoscopic technology and the colonoscopy procedure currently used for colorectal cancer diagnosis, essential for designing these demanded technologies. Methods. Semi-structured interviews and an online survey were used. Results. Six endoscopists were interviewed and 103 were surveyed, obtaining the demanded needs that can be divided into: a) clinical needs, for better polyp detection and classification (especially flat polyps), location, size, margins and penetration depth; b) computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system needs, for additional visual information supporting polyp characterization and diagnosis; and c) operational/physical needs, related to limitations of image quality, colon lighting, flexibility of the endoscope tip, and even poor bowel preparation.This work is part of the PICCOLO project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 732111. GR18199, funded by “Consejería de Economía, Ciencia y Agenda Digital, Junta de Extremadura” and co-funded by European Union (ERDF “A way to make Europe”). The funding bodies did not play any roles in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript

Aplicación de "serious games" en el tratamiento de la demencia: revisión sistemática

Dementia is a chronic disease with a degenerative course that broadly affects cognitive function (ability to process thought). Due to the increase in life expectancy and technical advances in the field of medicine, we are facing a scenario in which it is estimated that in 2030 the number of people with dementia will reach 82 million, reaching 152 million in 2050 (1). Pharmacological therapies have been used for their treatment with questionable success. In recent years,“serious games” have made their way as an alternative in the treatment of dementia. There is abundant and diverse research on this topic. However, there is a need for greater homogeneity in the design of interventions, as well as the variables used, to facilitate future research in this field. On the other hand, there is a clear need for the presence of professionals such as occupational therapists in such research, who can provide a broader view of the impact of the disease in the different occupational areas, with special emphasis on the area of play (2), which is included in their framework for professional practice. In this systematic review, we analyse articles involving the use of serious games in the treatment of dementia, extracting the pros and cons, and suggesting small changes that may improve research in this field.La demencia es una enfermedad de carácter crónico y curso degenerativo que afecta de un amplio modo a la función cognitiva (capacidad de procesar el pensamiento). Debido al aumento de la esperanza de vida y a los avances técnicos en el campo de la medicina, nos encontramos ante un escenario en el que se estima que en el año 2030 el número de personas con demencia alcance los 82 millones, llegando a 152 millones en 2050 (1). Para su tratamiento se han utilizado terapias farmacológicas de éxito cuestionable. En los últimos años, los “serious games” se han abierto paso como una alternativa en el tratamiento de la demencia. Existe una abundante y diversa investigación en relación a este tema. Sin embargo, se hace necesaria una mayor homogeneidad en cuanto al diseño de las intervenciones se refiere, así como de las variables utilizadas, que facilite el futuro de la investigación en dicho campo. Por otro lado, queda patente la necesidad de la presencia de profesionales como los Terapeutas Ocupacionales en dichas investigaciones, los cuales pueden aportar una visión más amplia del impacto de la enfermedad en las distintas áreas ocupacionales, haciendo especial hincapié en el área del juego (2), el cual está recogido en su marco de trabajo para la práctica profesional. En esta revisión sistemática, analizamos artículos que comprenden el uso de “serious games” en el tratamiento de la demencia extrayendo los pros y contras, y sugiriendo pequeños cambios que pueden mejorar la investigación en dicho campo

Simulador cardiovascular para ensayo de robots de navegación autónoma

[Resumen] Este artículo presenta un modelo de simulación del sistema cardiovascular en el entorno de Matlab/Simulink, más concretamente de la zona de mayor riesgo cardiovascular, la arteria carótida. Está basado en un modelo eléctrico del sistema que describe la dinámica de contracción del corazón, así como su carácter cíclico y autónomo. Como primer paso, este modelo se generaliza para contemplar también la dinámica de la arteria carótida izquierda. A partir de él, y haciendo una serie de equivalencias entre dominios, se obtiene un modelo hidráulico que emula el comportamiento del sistema cardiovascular en esa zona y que, a diferencia del anterior, no presenta carácter autónomo. Para el diseño del control, se hace uso de la estrategia de linealización por realimentaón. Se incluyen simulaciones, tanto del modelo eléctrico completo como del hidráulico propuesto, para demostrar el correcto funcionamiento del simulador desarrollado. El objetivo final de este trabajo es la construcción de una plataforma de ensayo para robots nadadores tipo flagelo eucariótico y bacteriano de pequeñas dimensiones a partir del modelo hidráulico desarrollado que permita emular las condiciones en las que se encontrarían estos robots navegando por el sistema circulatorio humano.Junta de Extremadura; GR15178Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; DPI2016-80547-

Osimertinib in advanced EGFR-T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer patients treated within the Special Use Medication Program in Spain : OSIREX-Spanish Lung Cancer Group

AURA study reported 61% objective response rate and progression-free survival of 9.6 months with osimertinib in patients with EGFR/T790M+ non-small cell lung cancer. Due to lack of real-world data, we proposed this study to describe the experience with osimertinib in Spain. Post-authorization, non-interventional Special Use Medication Program, multicenter, retrospective study in advanced EGFR/T790M+ non-small cell lung cancer. One hundred-fifty five patients were enrolled (August 2016-December 2018) from 30 sites. Primary objective: progression-free survival. Secondary objectives: toxicity profile, objective response rate, and use of health service resources. 70% women, median age 66. 63.9% were non-smokers and 99% had adenocarcinoma. Most patients had received at least one prior treatment (97%), 91.7% had received previous EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors and 2.8% osimertinib as first-line treatment. At data cutoff, median follow-up was 11.8 months. One hundred-fifty five patients were evaluable for response, 1.3% complete response, 40.6% partial response, 31% stable disease and 11.6% disease progression. Objective response rate was 42%. Median progression-free survival was 9.4 months. Of the 155 patients who received treatment, 76 (49%) did not reported any adverse event, 51% presented some adverse event, most of which were grade 1 or 2. The resource cost study indicates early use is warranted. This study to assess the real-world clinical impact of osimertinib showed high drug activity in pretreated advanced EGFR/T790M+ non-small cell lung cancer, with manageable adverse events. Clinical trial registration number : NCT03790397

Methionine Cycle Rewiring by Targeting miR-873-5p Modulates Ammonia Metabolism to Protect the Liver from Acetaminophen

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) development is commonly associated with acetaminophen (APAP) overdose, where glutathione scavenging leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatocyte death. DILI is a severe disorder without effective late-stage treatment, since N-acetyl cysteine must be administered 8 h after overdose to be efficient. Ammonia homeostasis is altered during liver diseases and, during DILI, it is accompanied by decreased glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) expression and S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) levels that suggest a reduced methionine cycle. Anti-miR-873-5p treatment prevents cell death in primary hepatocytes and the appearance of necrotic areas in liver from APAP-administered mice. In our study, we demonstrate a GNMT and methionine cycle activity restoration by the anti-miR-873-5p that reduces mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The lack of hyperammoniemia caused by the therapy results in a decreased urea cycle, enhancing the synthesis of polyamines from ornithine and AdoMet and thus impacting the observed recovery of mitochondria and hepatocyte proliferation for regeneration. In summary, anti-miR-873-5p appears to be an effective therapy against APAP-induced liver injury, where the restoration of GNMT and the methionine cycle may prevent mitochondrial dysfunction while activating hepatocyte proliferative response.We thank Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Programa Retos-Colaboración RTC2019- 007125-1 (for J.S. and M.L.M.-C.); Instituto de Salud Carlos III: Proyectos de Investigación en Salud DTS20/00138 (for J.S. and M.L.M.-C.), PI20/00690 (for R.J.) and PT20/000127 (for M.I.L.); CIBERehd: EHD21TRF01/2022 (to M.L.M.-C.); Departamento de Industria del Gobierno Vasco (for M.L.M.-C.); Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades MICINN: PID2020-117116RB-I00 and RTI2018- 096759-1-100 integrado en el Plan Estatal de Investigación Cientifica y Técnica y Innovación, cofinanciado con Fondos FEDER (for M.L.M.-C. and T.C.D., respectively); BIOEF (Basque Foundation for Innovation and Health Research); Asociación Española contra el Cáncer (AECC) (to M.L.M.-C., T.C.D.); AECC: GCTRA18006CARR (to A.C.); Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española Contra el Cancer (AECC Scientific Foundation) Rare Tumor Calls 2017 (for M.L.M.); La Caixa Foundation Program (for M.L.M.); BFU2015-70067-REDC, BFU2016-77408-R and BES-2017-080435 (MINECO/FEDER, UE); Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y universidades PID2019-108787RB-100 (to A.C.), PID2019- 109055RB-I00 (L.A.M.-C.), PID2020-117941RB-100 (to F.J.C.); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Grants BFU2013-47531-R and BFU2016-77408-R (L.A.M.-C.) and the FIGHT-CNNM2 project from the EJP RD Joint Transnational Call (JTC2019) (Ref. AC19/00073) (for L.A.M.-C.); Comunidad de Madrid: EXOHEP-CM S2017/BMD-3727 and NanoLiver-CM Y2018/NMT-4949 co-funded by European Structural and Investment Fund and COST Action CA17112 (to F.J.C.); Vencer el Cáncer Foundation (to A.C.); European Research Council: Consolidator Grant 819242 (to A.C.); CIBERONC and CIBERehd were funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Cofunded by FEDER funds. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Lapnurse—A Blended Learning Course for Nursing Education in Minimally Invasive Surgery: Design and Experts’ Preliminary Validation of Its Online Theoretical Module

Background: The implantation of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) leads to the specialization of nurses in this surgical field. However, there is no standard curriculum of MIS Nursing in Europe. Spanish and Portuguese nurses are inexperienced and have poor training in MIS. For that, a blended learning course for nursing education in MIS (Lapnurse) has been developed. This work aims to detail the course design and to preliminary validate by experts its online theoretical module. Methods: Lapnurse consists of an online module with nine theoretical lessons and a face-to-face module with three practical lessons. The e-learning environment created to provide the online module, with didactic contents based on surgical videos and innovative 3D designs, has been validated by two technicians (functionality) and four nurses with teaching experience in MIS (usability and content). Results: The E-learning platform meets all technical requirements, provides whole and updated multimedia contents correctly applied for educational purposes, incorporates interactivity with 3D designs, and has an attractive, easy-to-use and intuitive design. Conclusions: The lack of knowledge in MIS of Spanish and Portuguese nurses could be addressed by the blended learning course created, Lapnurse, where the e-learning environment that provides theoretical training has obtained a positive validation

Efecto de las experiencias corporales sobre el patrón perceptivo y el juicio en ballet : un estudio de casos en danza clásica

Este estudio de casos analizó la influencia de tener experiencias corporales previas (a nivel visual, motriz y de enseñanza) en danza clásica sobre las estrategias de búsqueda visual y de juicio perceptivo. Tres participantes de danza clásica, con diferentes experiencias visuales, motrices, y de enseñanza (i.e., participante experto, participante intermedio, participante novel) percibieron nueve secuencias video-proyectadas de ballet en laboratorio. Se registró el comportamiento visual con un sistema de registro ocular (SMI EYE TRACKING GLASSES 2 WIRELESS). Tras cada ensayo, los participantes emitíanun juicio sobre la calidad con que la bailarina había realizado la secuencia de movimientos. La puntuación se realizó con la planilla de observación validada en danza (Score Sheet for Performance Competence Evaluation in Dance), y posteriormente comparada con la realizada por un profesor experto de danza. Los resultados mostraron un patrón perceptivo diferenciado entre participantes, con diferencias en el número y tiempo de fijaciones en la mayoría de localizaciones corporales. La participante experta mostró un juicio perceptivo similar al profesor de danza ya que no mostraron diferencias en las puntuaciones otorgadas a las ejecuciones de la bailarina. Sin embargo, tuvo una puntuación diferente a la de la participanteintermedia y novel. Tampoco hubo diferencias de puntuaciones entre la participante intermedia y novel. Las experiencias corporales previas de las participantes del estudio en danza clásica in!uyeron en sus estrategias visuales. Específicamente, las experiencias de enseñanza parece que aportaron un valor añadido al juicio perceptivo de la participante experta ya que su juicio fue el más similar al realizado por el profesor experto de danza.This cases study addressed the influence of previous body (visual, motor, and teaching) experiences in classic dance on visual search strategies and perceptual judgments. Three participants of classic dance, with different visual, motor, and teaching experiences (i.e., expert-, intermediate-, and novel- participant) perceived nine video-projected sequences of ballet in a laboratory setting. The visual behaviour was collected with an eye tracking system (SMI EYE TRACKING GLASSES 2 WIRELESS). After each trial, the participants made a judgment about the quality of dancer's performance. The measure of the scores was carried out with the Score Sheet for Performance Competence Evaluation in dance, and after that compared with the scores of an expert teacher of dance. The results revealed a different perceptual pattern between participants, with differences in the number and time of fixations for the most of body locations. The expert participant showed a similar perceptual judgment to the teacher of dance because they did not reported differences in the scoresmarked to the dancer's performance. However, different scores were found between expert participant vs intermediate and novel participants. There were no differences between the intermediate and novel participants. The previous body experiences in classic dance constrained the participants' visual behaviour. Specifically, the teaching experiences seem to sum an added value to the expert participant' judgment because it was the most similar to the expert teacher's one.Este estudo de caso analisou a influência de ter experiências corporais anteriores (visual, motor e de ensino) em dança clássica em estratégias de busca visual e julgamento perceptivo. Três participantes de dança clássica, com diferença visual, experiência de condução, e actividades de formação (um participante especialista, participante intermediária, participante novato) recebeu nove sequências de balé projetada com vídeo no laboratório. O comportamento visual com um sistema de registo olho (SMI EYE TRACKING GLASSES 2 WIRELESS) foi registado. Após cada ensaio, os participantes tiveram de fazer um juízo sobre a qualidade com que a dançarina tinha realizado a sequência de movimentos. A pontuação foi realizada com um formulário validado de observação (Score Sheet for Performance Competence Evaluation in Dance), e depois comparados por um professor especialista dança. Os resultados mostraram um padrão de percepção distinta entre os participantes, com diferenças no número e tempo de fixações na maioria dos locais do corpo. O participante especialista mostrou um julgamento e professora de dança semelhante que não mostrou diferença nas pontuações dadas aos execuções do dançarino. No entanto, ele teve um pontuação diferente que a participante intermediária e novato. Houve também há dezenas diferença entre o participante intermediário e novato. As diferentes experiências corporais anteriores em dança clássica condicionado estratégias visuais dos participantes do estudo. Especificamente, as experiências de ensino na dança clássica parecem ter adicionado valor ao julgamento do participante especialista, uma vez que foi o mais parecido com o realizado pelo professor de dança especialista