Methods and materials for a primary transitional class

To make this program successful in accomplishing its goals, it is necessary to examine the various aspects of readiness to arrive at instructional objectives and determine the best methods to accomplish these objectives as well as what instructional materials to use. A specific objective which identifies the behavior which a learner is to exhibit when he has completed a program will allow us to select relevant content or experiences for instruction and will provide a basis for evaluating the outcome. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to identify the learning needs of children classified as being delayed in readiness skills and to find ways and materials to correct or alleviate their problems

Kontekst geopolityczny kryzysu na Ukrainie (2013–2014) i zaangażowanie władz polskich w jego rozwiązanie

The paper presents the specifics of the involvement of international actors in theconflict of Ukraine at the turn of 2013–2014. The country was considered attractive primarily due to its geopolitical position and the country being a buffer between the East and the West. The steps taken by the Polish authorities in the settlement of a dispute arising from the growing sense of threat from the Russian Federation are also discussed.W artykule przedstawiono specyfikę zaangażowania podmiotów międzynarodowych w konflikt na Ukrainie na przełomie 2013–2014 r. Atrakcyjność tego państwa wynikała w zasadniczej mierze z jego położenia geopolitycznego oraz pozycji jako kraju buforowego między Wschodem a Zachodem. Omówiono ponadto działania władz polskich podejmowane w kierunku zażegnania sporu, wynikające z rosnącego poczucia zagrożenia ze strony Federacji Rosyjskiej

Responses of soil cellulolytic fungal communities to elevated atmospheric CO 2 are complex and variable across five ecosystems

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/86979/1/j.1462-2920.2011.02548.x.pd

A composite transcriptional signature differentiates responses towards closely related herbicides in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus

In this study, genome-wide expression profiling based on Affymetrix ATH1 arrays was used to identify discriminating responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to five herbicides, which contain active ingredients targeting two different branches of amino acid biosynthesis. One herbicide contained glyphosate, which targets 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), while the other four herbicides contain different acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting compounds. In contrast to the herbicide containing glyphosate, which affected only a few transcripts, many effects of the ALS inhibiting herbicides were revealed based on transcriptional changes related to ribosome biogenesis and translation, secondary metabolism, cell wall modification and growth. The expression pattern of a set of 101 genes provided a specific, composite signature that was distinct from other major stress responses and differentiated among herbicides targeting the same enzyme (ALS) or containing the same chemical class of active ingredient (sulfonylurea). A set of homologous genes could be identified in Brassica napus that exhibited a similar expression pattern and correctly distinguished exposure to the five herbicides. Our results show the ability of a limited number of genes to classify and differentiate responses to closely related herbicides in A. thaliana and B. napus and the transferability of a complex transcriptional signature across species