DEVELOPMENT OF VIBROACOUSTIC MODULE FOR FINE FILTRATION OF DRILLING MUDS

The issue of drilling mud multiple use is problematic. To reuse, the solution must be efficiently cleaned from solid particles according to the class of 0.04-0.07 mm. An analysis of existing technologies and equipment has shown that drilling mud regeneration schemes are rather difficult to operate and expensive. In world practice there has been a tendency to create universal equipment, which allows most complete cleaning cycle for a drilling mud in fine grades. The paper proposes an innovative vibroacoustic module for cleaning drilling muds from sludge. The creative element of the proposal is the impact of vibroacoustic oscillations on the drilling mud passing through the mesh element. At the same time, specific effects arise around the mesh, which increase the productivity and efficiency of the process. The design of the vibroacoustic apparatus and the principle of its operation are presented. An important element of the proposal is that the oscillation is created by pistons interconnected by rods and located on opposite sides of the mesh. This dipole system provides the excitation of variable pressures of different polarity before the mesh and after it. The results of industrial tests of the vibroacoustic module when servicing the BU-75-BrE drilling rig are presented. The dependence of the installation performance and efficiency on the amplitude of oscillations was found. The optimal dynamic range of exposure (from 5.5 to 6.5 mm) was determined. Analysis showed that in the composition of the cleaned drilling mud, the maximum particle size of the solid phase did not exceed 0.04 mm. The conducted industrial tests confirmed the possibility of using the vibroacoustic module for cleaning the washing fluid and developing a pit-free drilling technology on its basis

Клиническое наблюдение ребенка с сочетанной генетической патологией: муковисцидозом и лице-лопаточно-плечевой прогрессирующей миодистрофией

The article presents a rare case of a child with a laboratory confirmed combination of several inherited diseases: cystic fibrosis (mutations F508del and E92K) and facioscapulohumeral progressive muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Through the example of the case authors describe the clinical findings of the infantile form of FSHD and the results of prolonged patient’s follow-up. Own clinical data are compared to the literature review. There is also a discussion about genetic heterogeneity of FSHD and complex rehabilitation approaches in case of associated genetic pathology.В статье представлено описание редкого клинического наблюдения ребенка с сочетанной подтвержденной наследственной патологией: муковисцидозом (мутации F508del и Е92К) и лице-лопаточно-плечевой миодистрофией (ЛЛПМ) (мозаичная делеция 4q35 хромосомы). На примере описываемого случая представлена клиническая картина инфантильной формы ЛЛПМ, приведены результаты катамнестического наблюдения пациентки. Собственные клинические наблюдения сопоставлены с данными литературы о ЛЛПМ, обсужден вопрос генетической гетерогенности ЛЛПМ. Также рассматривается необходимость мультидисциплинарного подхода при реабилитации и лечении подобных пациентов в условиях сопутствующей наследственной патологии

Anatomic features of eyes and their conservation for processing the skills of surgical sutures in the process of ophthalmologists education

In order to create wet gross specimens of the eye by experimentally modeling the aim fixation in solutions and isolating individual structures for the subsequent study of the similarities and differences in the structure of the human and bovine eyeball and its muscular apparatus, and also for the use of wet gross specimens of cadaveric eyes in the simulation training of ophthalmic surgeons, enucleated eyeballs in different solutions. In total, 12 eyeballs fixed in four working solutions were studied, followed by an evaluation of external morphometric parameters. The most optimal way of fixing cadaveric enucleated eyes is to create wet gross specimens was fixation in a hypertonic solution of white salt for 7 days. Wet gross specimens of the eyes of cattle are applicable to the study of the general anatomical structure of the human organ of vision and the development of basic surgical skills, such as carrying out incisions and suturingС целью создания влажных макропрепаратов органа зрения путем экспериментального моделирования прицельной фиксации в растворах и выделения отдельных структур для последующего изучения сходства и различий строения человеческого и бычьего глазного яблока и его мышечного аппарата, а также для использования влажных макропрепаратов кадаверных глаз в симуляционном обучении офтальмохирургов была произведена фиксация энуклеированных глазных яблок коровы в различных растворах. Всего было изучено 12 глазных яблок, фиксированных в четырех рабочих раствора, с последующей оценкой внешних морфометрических параметров. Наиболее оптимальным способом фиксации кадаверных энуклеированных глаз для создания влажных макропрепаратов явилась фиксация в гипертоническом растворе поваренной соли в течение 7 суток. Влажные макропрепараты органа зрения крупного рогатого скота применимы для изучения общего анатомического строения органа зрения человека и отработки основных хирургических навыков, таких как проведение разрезов и наложение швов

Performance of CMS muon reconstruction in pp collision events at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The performance of muon reconstruction, identification, and triggering in CMS has been studied using 40 inverse picobarns of data collected in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the LHC in 2010. A few benchmark sets of selection criteria covering a wide range of physics analysis needs have been examined. For all considered selections, the efficiency to reconstruct and identify a muon with a transverse momentum pT larger than a few GeV is above 95% over the whole region of pseudorapidity covered by the CMS muon system, abs(eta) < 2.4, while the probability to misidentify a hadron as a muon is well below 1%. The efficiency to trigger on single muons with pT above a few GeV is higher than 90% over the full eta range, and typically substantially better. The overall momentum scale is measured to a precision of 0.2% with muons from Z decays. The transverse momentum resolution varies from 1% to 6% depending on pseudorapidity for muons with pT below 100 GeV and, using cosmic rays, it is shown to be better than 10% in the central region up to pT = 1 TeV. Observed distributions of all quantities are well reproduced by the Monte Carlo simulation.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Performance of CMS muon reconstruction in pp collision events at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The performance of muon reconstruction, identification, and triggering in CMS has been studied using 40 inverse picobarns of data collected in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the LHC in 2010. A few benchmark sets of selection criteria covering a wide range of physics analysis needs have been examined. For all considered selections, the efficiency to reconstruct and identify a muon with a transverse momentum pT larger than a few GeV is above 95% over the whole region of pseudorapidity covered by the CMS muon system, abs(eta) < 2.4, while the probability to misidentify a hadron as a muon is well below 1%. The efficiency to trigger on single muons with pT above a few GeV is higher than 90% over the full eta range, and typically substantially better. The overall momentum scale is measured to a precision of 0.2% with muons from Z decays. The transverse momentum resolution varies from 1% to 6% depending on pseudorapidity for muons with pT below 100 GeV and, using cosmic rays, it is shown to be better than 10% in the central region up to pT = 1 TeV. Observed distributions of all quantities are well reproduced by the Monte Carlo simulation.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays

The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per layer is approximately 5 ns

РОЛЬ ПЛАСТИЧНОСТИ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА В ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ АДАПТАЦИИ ОРГАНИЗМА ПРИ ДЕТСКОМ ЦЕРЕБРАЛЬНОМ ПАРАЛИЧЕ С ПОРАЖЕНИЕМ РУК

Cerebral infantile paralysis (CIP) is the main neurologic reason of children's disability all over the world. A competent choice of time and methods of rehabilitation allows social adaptation of children with this pathology and improves their motor and mental development prognosis. The article gives modern data on the neuronal plasticity, spare capacities of the developing brain, pathophysiological aspects of restoration and compensation of damaged structures of central nervous system. The emphasis is put on the consideration of neuroplasticity mechanisms from the point of view of their clinical relevance and role in the formation of pathological and compensatory patterns of movement and perception at CIP. Variants of restoration of motor and sensory functions in upper extremities of children with CIP based on the time and topics of brain damage are analyzed in detail. Approaches to pathogenetically grounded choice of methods and time of rehabilitation are discussed on the basis of the given data on spare capabilities of children's nervous system with the emphasis on restoration of upper extremities' function as one of the most complicated, although prospective, aspects of CIP treatment.Детский церебральный паралич (ДЦП) является основной неврологической причиной детской инвалидности во всем мире. Грамотный выбор сроков и методов реабилитации позволяет социально адаптировать детей с данной патологией и улучшить прогноз их двигательного и психического развития. В статье представлены современные данные о нейрональной пластичности, резервных возможностях развивающегося головного мозга, патофизиологических аспектах восстановления и компенсации поврежденных структур центральной нервной системы. Акцент сделан на рассмотрении механизмов нейропластичности с точки зрения их клинического значения и роли в формировании патологических и компенсаторных паттернов движения и восприятия при ДЦП. Подробно разбираются варианты восстановления двигательных и чувствительных функций в верхних конечностях у детей с ДЦП в зависимости от сроков и топики повреждения головного мозга. На основании представленных данных о резервных возможностях детской нервной системы обсуждаются подходы к патогенетически обоснованному выбору методов и сроков реабилитации с акцентом на восстановление функции верхних конечностей как одного из наиболее сложных, но перспективных аспектов в лечении ДЦП.

Performance and Operation of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The operation and general performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter using cosmic-ray muons are described. These muons were recorded after the closure of the CMS detector in late 2008. The calorimeter is made of lead tungstate crystals and the overall status of the 75848 channels corresponding to the barrel and endcap detectors is reported. The stability of crucial operational parameters, such as high voltage, temperature and electronic noise, is summarised and the performance of the light monitoring system is presented

Применение препарата ботулинического токсина типа А (Ботокс) в лечении детского церебрального паралича

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is used in cerebral palsy (CP) for more than 20 years. Nevertheless, the unified protocol of injections and doses does not exist by now. The correct selection of target muscles for BoNT-A injections is based on the experience of the doctor, detailed analysis of neurological and orthopedic status of the patient, standard scales to evaluate motor potential of the patient. The article represents the detailed review of international clinical trials for multi-level use of BoNT-A in CP and recommendations on doses calculation. Based on our own observations of efficacy and safety of single-used doses of Botox we present the recommended dose ranges for upper and lower limb that led to clinically significant decrease of spasticity with no undesirable weakness. The review of clinical cases presents the doses per targeted muscle and total doses we used, they are advisory in nature.При детском церебральном параличе (ДЦП) препараты ботулинического токсина типа А (БТА) применяются более 20 лет. Несмотря на это сегодня отсутствует унифицированный протокол проведения инъекций препаратов БТА и расчета доз при ДЦП. Для правильного выбора мышц-мишеней для ботулинотерапии большое значение имеют опыт врача, детальный анализ неврологического и ортопедического статуса пациента, применение стандартизированных функциональных шкал для оценкидвигательных возможностей ребенка. В статье представлен детальный обзор международных исследований по многоуровневому подходу к ботулинотерапии при ДЦП и рекомендаций по расчету доз. На основании результатов собственных наблюдений эффективности и безопасности инъекций препарата БТА Ботокс у детей с церебральным параличом представлены рекомендуемые диапазоны доз для мышцнижних и верхних конечностей, использованные при однократных инъекциях, применение которых позволило достичь клинически значимого снижения спастичности без развития нежелательной слабости. Рассмотрены клинические примеры с разбором распределения дозы препарата Ботокс по мышцам-мишеням и расчетом общей дозы препарата. Представленные диапазоны доз препарата Ботокс носят исключительно рекомендательный характер