Produccion de compuestos antimicrobianos por Enterococcus mundtii tw278 para aumento de la seguridad microbiologica en alimentos

Introducción: Las bacterias lácticas (BL) producen una gran cantidad de compuestos antimicrobianos como ácidos órganicos, peróxido de hidrógeno, diacetilo, bioemulsificantes y bacteriocinas, que son conocidas por ser eficaces contra las bacterias patógenas y del deterioro de los alimentos.Objetivo: Seleccionar una cepa de BL productora de bacteriocina y bioemulsificanteMateriales y Métodos: Se evaluó el sobrenadante libre de células (SLC) de 60 cepas de BL, aisladas de medio marino Patagónico, para realizar un screening por actividad antimicrobiana (metodología ?spot on the lawn?) y bioemulsificante (Índice de Emulsificación 24 h (IE24) frente a diferentes sustratos hidrofóbicos). Se evaluaron diferentes medios de cultivo y temperaturas de incubación. Cepas indicadoras: Listeria innocua ATCC 33090, L. innocua 6a, L. monocytogenes Scott A, L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, E. coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, E. faecium sp., Pseudomonas aureuginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella ATCC 13076 y S. typhimurium 14028s. Resultados: Sólo el SLC de E. mundtii tw278 mostró actividad antimicrobiana y bioemulsificante, en los medios LAPTg y LAPTw (suero de leche reemplaza glucosa), ambos sin el agregado de Tween 80, a una temperatura de 25°C. Esta cepa presentó además una producción de bacteriocinas de 204800 UA/mL en LAPTg a 30°C, mientras que en el medio LAPTw fue de 1600 UA/mL frente a L. monocytogenes Scott A. El IE24 frente a kerosene, aceite de girasol, de canola, de soja fue superior al 50% mientras que para los aceites de oliva y uva fue de 37 y 22%, respectivamente. Por otro lado, el SLC no inhibió el crecimiento de Salmonella ATCC 13076 pero sí de todas las demás cepas indicadoras probadas. Conclusiones: Los resultados expuestos en el presente trabajo son prometedores en términos de lograr una producción de bioemulsificantes y bacteriocinas en un medio que contiene suero de leche como fuente de C de bajo costo. Además, demuestran que la producción de bacteriocinas así como la de bioemulsificante por la cepa E. mundtii Tw278 depende de la temperatura de incubación, así como de la fuente de C empleada. Concluimos, que esta cepa así como sus metabolitos presentan un elevado potencial para ser aplicados en un alimento y así aumentar la seguridad microbiológica del mismo.Fil: Gomez, Johana Stefani. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Vallejo, Marisol. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Marguet, Emilio Rogelio. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaFil: Perotti, Nora Ines. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Tecnología. Departamento de Ingeniería En Procesos y Gestion Industrial. Laboratorio de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Gianni de Carvalho, Katia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaVI Simposio Latinoamericano de Inocuidad AlimentariaCiudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentinaAsociación Argentina de Microbiologí

Comparative study of the clinical effect produced by the first class® and the pendulum in patients trated at the college of dentistry, University of Antioquia. A radiographic and model analysis

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this research was to establish and compare the clinical and radiographic results obtained during the four month use of the pendulum and the First class® in relation with its craneofacial, dental, and soft tissue effects in patients who had indicated as part of their treatment plan, a distalization of their first upper molars. The sample consisted of 27 subjects between 12 and 17 years of age: 11 treated with pendulum, 8 treated with First class®, and 8 controls to discard any changes due to growth. All patients received inicial Panoramic X-rays, inicial and final lateral cephalograms; 1:1 standardized pictures of study casts at the beginning, second and fourth months of treatment. The radiographic results showed there were no significant changes in the skeletal structures. At the dento-alveolar level an average molar distalization of 4.68 ± 4.9 mm was observed with the pendulum and of 2.05 ± 4.06 mm with the First class® both of which were accompanied by distal inclination (12.2º pendulum, 3.2º First class®) and intrusion (0.55 and 0.037 mm respectively) with an assymetric right – left behavior. For each millimeter of molar distalization there was an increment in incisal labialization of 0.9º with the pendulum and 3.0º with the First class® accompanied by a decrease in the nasolabial angle (-5.45º with the pendulum and -6.0º with First class®) and an upper lip protrusion (1.59 and 1.07 mm respectively). The dental casts showed a rotational change in the molar with a heterogenous behavior; with both pendulum and First class®, rotations in opposite directions were observed: distopalatal (+) y distolabial (-). The total average was positive in both, being greater for the First class® (5.87°) than for the pendulum (4.3°), conserving a right-left asymmetric pattern. The effectiveness of the anchorage offered by the palatal acrylic button should be questioned, since there was evidence of anterior displacement of this structure with a negative labialization effect on the anchorage teeth.RESUMEN: El propósito de este estudio fue establecer y comparar los resultados clínicos y radiográficos obtenidos con el del péndulo y del First class® durante cuatro meses de tratamiento, en relación con sus efectos craneofaciales, dentales y de tejidos blandos en pacientes que tuvieran indicado dentro de su plan de tratamiento la distalización de los primeros molares superiores. La muestra estuvo constituida por 27 sujetos entre los 12 y 17 años de edad: 19 experimentales (11 tratados con péndulo y 8 con First class®) y 8 controles, con los cuales se descartaron cambios debidos al crecimiento. Se obtuvieron radiografías panorámicas iniciales y cefálicas laterales iniciales y finales; fotografías estandarizadas 1:1 de modelos de estudio: al inicio, segundo y cuarto mes de tratamiento. Los resultados radiográficos muestran que no se presentan cambios significativos en las estructuras esqueléticas. A nivel dentoalveolar se observa distalización molar promedio con el péndulo de 4,68 ± 4,9 mm y con el First class® de 2,05 ± 4,06 mm acompañadas ambas de inclinación distal (12,2º con péndulo, 3,2º con First class®) e intrusión (0,55 y 0,037 mm respectivamente) con comportamiento asimétrico derecha-izquierda. Por cada milímetro de distalización molar se presentó un incremento en la labialización del incisivo de 0,9º con el péndulo y de 3,0º con el First class® que se acompaña de disminución del ángulo naso-labial (-5,45º con péndulo y -6,0º con First class®) y protrusión del labio superior (1,59 y 1,07 mm respectivamente). En los modelos se observó un cambio rotacional del molar con un comportamiento heterogéneo; tanto con péndulo como con First class®, se observan rotaciones en sentidos opuestos: distopalatinas (+) y distovestibulares (-) El promedio total fue positivo en ambos siendo mayor para el First class® (5,87°) que para el péndulo (4,3°), conservando un patrón asimétrico derecha-izquierda. Debe cuestionarse la efectividad del anclaje ofrecido por el botón de acrílico palatino, ya que se evidencia un desplazamiento anterior de esta estructura con efecto negativo vestibularizador sobre los dientes de anclaj

Dasatinib-induced spleen contraction leads to transient lymphocytosis

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib is approved for Philadelphia chromosome–positive leukemia, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Although effective and well tolerated, patients typically exhibit a transient lymphocytosis after dasatinib uptake. To date, the underlying physiological process linking dasatinib to lymphocytosis remains unknown. Here, we used a small rodent model to examine the mechanism of dasatinib-induced lymphocytosis, focusing on lymphocyte trafficking into and out of secondary lymphoid organs. Our data indicate that lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes and spleen remained unaffected by dasatinib treatment. In contrast, dasatinib promoted lymphocyte egress from spleen with kinetics consistent with the observed lymphocytosis. Unexpectedly, dasatinib-induced lymphocyte egress occurred independently of canonical sphingosine-1-phosphate–mediated egress signals; instead, dasatinib treatment led to a decrease in spleen size, concomitant with increased splenic stromal cell contractility, as measured by myosin light chain phosphorylation. Accordingly, dasatinib-induced lymphocytosis was partially reversed by pharmacological inhibition of the contraction-promoting factor Rho-rho associated kinase. Finally, we uncovered a decrease in spleen size in patients with CML who showed lymphocytosis immediately after dasatinib treatment, and this reduction was proportional to the magnitude of lymphocytosis and dasatinib plasma levels. In summary, our work provides evidence that dasatinib-induced lymphocytosis is a consequence of drug-induced contractility of splenic stromal cell

High cell-free DNA is associated with disease progression, inflammasome activation and elevated levels of inflammasome-related cytokine IL-18 in patients with myelofibrosis

Myelofibrosis (MF) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder classified among chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, characterized by exacerbated myeloid and megakaryocytic proliferation and bone marrow fibrosis. It is induced by driver (JAK2/CALR/MPL) and high molecular risk mutations coupled to a sustained inflammatory state that contributes to disease pathogenesis. Patient outcome is determined by stratification into risk groups and refinement of current prognostic systems may help individualize treatment decisions. Circulating cell-free (cf)DNA comprises short fragments of double-stranded DNA, which promotes inflammation by stimulating several pathways, including inflammasome activation, which is responsible for IL-1β and IL-18 maturation and release. In this work, we assessed the contribution of cfDNA as a marker of disease progression and mediator of inflammation in MF. cfDNA was increased in MF patients and higher levels were associated with adverse clinical outcome, a high-risk molecular profile, advanced disease stages and inferior overall survival, indicating its potential value as a prognostic marker. Cell-free DNA levels correlated with tumor burden parameters and markers of systemic inflammation. To mimic the effects of cfDNA, monocytes were stimulated with poly(dA:dT), a synthetic double-stranded DNA. Following stimulation, patient monocytes released higher amounts of inflammasome-processed cytokine, IL-18 to the culture supernatant, reflecting enhanced inflammasome function. Despite overexpression of cytosolic DNA inflammasome sensor AIM2, IL-18 release from MF monocytes was shown to rely mainly on the NLRP3 inflammasome, as it was prevented by NLRP3-specific inhibitor MCC950. Circulating IL-18 levels were increased in MF plasma, reflecting in vivo inflammasome activation, and highlighting the previously unrecognized involvement of this cytokine in MF cytokine network. Monocyte counts were higher in patients and showed a trend towards correlation with IL-18 levels, suggesting monocytes represent a source of circulating IL-18. The close correlation shown between IL-18 and cfDNA levels, together with the finding of enhanced DNA-triggered IL-18 release from monocytes, suggest that cfDNA promotes inflammation, at least in part, through inflammasome activation. This work highlights cfDNA, the inflammasome and IL-18 as additional players in the complex inflammatory circuit that fosters MF progression, potentially providing new therapeutic targets.Fil: de Luca, Geraldine. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Lev, Paola Roxana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Camacho, Maria F.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Goette, Nora Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Sackmann, Federico. Fundación Para Combatir la Leucemia; ArgentinaFil: Castro Ríos, Miguel A.. No especifíca;Fil: Moiraghi, Beatriz. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Cortes Guerrieri, Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Bendek, Georgina. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Carricondo, Emiliano. Universidad Austral. Hospital Universitario Austral; ArgentinaFil: Enrico, Alicia. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Vallejo, Veronica. Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Varela, Ana. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Khoury, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Gutierrez, Marina. Laboratorio Stamboulian; ArgentinaFil: Larripa, Irene Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Marta, Rosana Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Glembotsky, Ana Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Heller, Paula Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentin

Prevalence of personality disorders in college students of Medellin

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of personality disorders in university students in Medellín, Colombia. The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory II (MCMI-II) (Millon, 1987a) was applied to 1907 students from six universities. The mean age was 22 years old, and the age range was between 16 and 63 years old. A database was built containing the following information: socio-demographic variables, direct scores and standardized scores for each disorder, and a new variable, called “cut-off point”, was established, which categorized the “presence” or “absence” of the disorders. A descriptive analysis was carried out to determine the disorders´ prevalence and the outcome, going from the strongest to the weakest, was: Borderline Personality Disorder, Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Narcissist Personality Disorder, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Paranoid Personality Disorder, Aggressive-Sadistic Personality Disorder, Avoidant Personality Disorder, Self-Destructive Personality Disorder, Histrionic Personality Disorder, Dependent Personality Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder and Schizoid Personality Disorder.RESUMEN: El propósito del estudio fue establecer la prevalencia de los trastornos de personalidad en estudiantes universitarios de Medellín, Colombia. Se aplicó el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon (MCMI-II) (Millon, 1987a) a 1907 estudiantes universitarios de seis universidades. La edad media fue 22 años, y el rango estuvo entre 16 y 63 años. Se construyó una base de datos con la siguiente información: variables sociodemográficas, puntuaciones directas y puntuaciones de tabla base de cada trastorno, y se estableció una nueva variable denominada “punto de corte”, que categorizó la “presencia” o “ausencia” de los trastornos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo para determinar su prevalencia que, de mayor a menor, fue: límite, pasivo-agresivo, antisocial, narcisista, esquizotípico, paranoide, agresivo-sádico, evitativo, autodestructivo, histriónico, dependiente, obsesivo-compulsivo y esquizoide

Arboviral Etiologies of Acute Febrile Illnesses in Western South America, 2000–2007

Over recent decades, the variety and quantity of diseases caused by viruses transmitted to humans by mosquitoes and other arthropods (also known as arboviruses) have increased around the world. One difficulty in studying these diseases is the fact that the symptoms are often non-descript, with patients reporting such symptoms as low-grade fever and headache. Our goal in this study was to use laboratory tests to determine the causes of such non-descript illnesses in sites in four countries in South America, focusing on arboviruses. We established a surveillance network in 13 locations in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Paraguay, where patient samples were collected and then sent to a central laboratory for testing. Between May 2000 and December 2007, blood serum samples were collected from more than 20,000 participants with fever, and recent arbovirus infection was detected for nearly one third of them. The most common viruses were dengue viruses (genera Flavivirus). We also detected infection by viruses from other genera, including Alphavirus and Orthobunyavirus. This data is important for understanding how such viruses might emerge as significant human pathogens

High cell-free DNA is associated with disease progression, inflammasome activation and elevated levels of inflammasome-related cytokine IL-18 in patients with myelofibrosis

Myelofibrosis (MF) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder classified among chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, characterized by exacerbated myeloid and megakaryocytic proliferation and bone marrow fibrosis. It is induced by driver (JAK2/CALR/MPL) and high molecular risk mutations coupled to a sustained inflammatory state that contributes to disease pathogenesis. Patient outcome is determined by stratification into risk groups and refinement of current prognostic systems may help individualize treatment decisions. Circulating cell-free (cf)DNA comprises short fragments of double-stranded DNA, which promotes inflammation by stimulating several pathways, including inflammasome activation, which is responsible for IL-1β and IL-18 maturation and release. In this work, we assessed the contribution of cfDNA as a marker of disease progression and mediator of inflammation in MF. cfDNA was increased in MF patients and higher levels were associated with adverse clinical outcome, a high-risk molecular profile, advanced disease stages and inferior overall survival, indicating its potential value as a prognostic marker. Cell-free DNA levels correlated with tumor burden parameters and markers of systemic inflammation. To mimic the effects of cfDNA, monocytes were stimulated with poly(dA:dT), a synthetic double-stranded DNA. Following stimulation, patient monocytes released higher amounts of inflammasome-processed cytokine, IL-18 to the culture supernatant, reflecting enhanced inflammasome function. Despite overexpression of cytosolic DNA inflammasome sensor AIM2, IL-18 release from MF monocytes was shown to rely mainly on the NLRP3 inflammasome, as it was prevented by NLRP3-specific inhibitor MCC950. Circulating IL-18 levels were increased in MF plasma, reflecting in vivo inflammasome activation, and highlighting the previously unrecognized involvement of this cytokine in MF cytokine network. Monocyte counts were higher in patients and showed a trend towards correlation with IL-18 levels, suggesting monocytes represent a source of circulating IL-18. The close correlation shown between IL-18 and cfDNA levels, together with the finding of enhanced DNA-triggered IL-18 release from monocytes, suggest that cfDNA promotes inflammation, at least in part, through inflammasome activation. This work highlights cfDNA, the inflammasome and IL-18 as additional players in the complex inflammatory circuit that fosters MF progression, potentially providing new therapeutic targets

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms