Cognitive rehabilitation, self-management, psychotherapeutic and caregiver support interventions in progressive neurodegenerative conditions: a scoping review

BACKGROUND: Despite their potentially significant impact, cognitive disability may be overlooked in a number of progressive neurodegenerative conditions, as other difficulties dominate the clinical picture. OBJECTIVE: We examined the extent, nature and range of the research evidence relating to cognitive rehabilitation, self-management, psychotherapeutic and caregiver support interventions in Parkinsonian disorders, multiple sclerosis (MS), frontotemporal dementias (FTD), motor neuron disease and Huntington’s disease. METHODS: Scoping review based on searches of MEDLINE and CINAHL up to 15 March 2016. RESULTS: We included 140 eligible papers. Over half of the studies, and almost all the randomised controlled trials, related to MS, while a number of single case studies described interventions for people with FTD. CR interventions addressed functional ability, communication and interaction, behaviour or memory. The majority of psychotherapy interventions involved cognitive behavioural therapy for depression or anxiety. Self-management interventions were mainly available for people with MS. There were few reports of interventions specific to caregivers. Numerous methodological challenges were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The limited range of studies for all conditions except MS suggests a need firstly to synthesise systematically the available evidence across conditions and secondly to develop well-designed studies to provide evidence about the effectiveness of CR and other psychological interventions

Radiation Effects of Mobile Phones and Tablets on the Skin: A Systematic Review

Background. Skin health has become a worldwide concern. Most of the studies investigated the effect of mobile phone radiation on DNA and animals, but a few studies were carried out about skin diseases in mobile phone and tablet users. Few systematic studies have examined the relationship between mobile phone exposure and skin diseases. Methods. We evaluated the association between mobile phones and tablets and skin diseases. We checked databases including PubMed, Scopus, Springer, Cochrane, and Google Scholar from 1995 to 2013. The eligibility criteria were descriptive, and observational studies were in English and Persian language, and the subjects were of all ages and reported skin disease. Results. Most of the studies focused on signs and less on skin cancer. In total, 6 studies were included with 392119 participants with age over 25 years. In a nationwide cohort study in Denmark for BCC, the IRR (incidence rate ratios) estimates remained near unity among men and women. In the other studies, they reported an increase in temperature, hypersensitivity of warmth, facial dermatitis, angiosarcoma of the scalp, and burning sensations in the facial skin after mobile phone use on the exposed side and more within the auricle and behind/around the ear. Conclusions. Overall evaluations showed that the level of evidence associated with the effects of radiation from the mobile phone and tablet on the skin is poor. This review shows a necessity for more studies in this area

Communication Competency of Nursing Managers: Concept Analysis Study

The purpose of the present study is to analyze the concept of communication competency of nurse managers and identify its attributes, antecedents and consequences.Walker and Avant approach was used to elucidate the concept of communication competency of nurse managers. For this purpose, the databases: Emerald, Science Direct, PubMed, Google scholar, Sid, Springer and CINAHL were searched from 1 January 2000 to 30 December 2019 to find English or Persian published articles. According to literature review, nurse managers' communication competency has 5 attributes, including communication skills, emotional capacity, interactive function ability, adapting to a situation and communication knowledge. The results of this analysis, while leading to a clearer definition of the concept of communication competency of nurse managers, can be used to measure, as well as plan empowerment of managers

The financial transaction between counseling and nursing care service centers (CNCSCs) and their clients: a qualitative study

Abstract Background Community-oriented nursing care is an important model of nursing care. Counseling and Nursing Care Service Centers (CNCSCs) have been providing these private services to the Iranian community for nearly two decades. Resource management, cost-benefit analysis and affordability are important steps in providing these services. The present study was conducted to explore the challenges of financial transactions between CNCSCs and their clients. Methods This study has a qualitative design and was conducted on a total of 30 participants, consisting of CNCSC managers, staff, physicians and clients who were selected through purposive theoretical sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and direct observations and were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis. Results The analysis of the data led to the extraction of three main categories, including the flaunted atmosphere due to direct financial transaction, instability in determining tariffs for nursing services and the use of strategies for cost-effective services and client satisfaction. Conclusion To increase affordability and satisfaction and expand private community-based nursing. Services, appropriate financial policies should be designed and applied that can lead to transparent and simple financial transactions with the clients by way of indirect monetary exchanges. These policies should be designed in a systematic manner with integrity, facilitate inter-sectorial cooperation in the health sector and be cost-effective for the clients, insurance companies and the health system

Evaluation of Interventions to Reduce Shoulder Pain Following Laparoscopic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong>  </p><p><strong>Background and Objective: </strong>Very often the patients who undergo laparoscopic surgery suffer from shoulder pain (SP). As a result, different studies have been conducted to mitigate shoulder pain following laparoscopic surgery. This systematic review aims to investigate the efficacy of different interventions in mitigating laparoscopy-induced SP.<br><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In this systematic review, relevant articles were included using ISI, PubMed, MEDLINE, etc., from 2009 to 2020. Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) of Laparoscopic Surgical Procedures, Surgery Laparoscopic, Laparoscopic Assisted, Shoulder Pain, randomized controlled trial, and clinical trial were searched for eligible studies. Random effect model and standardized mean difference (SMD) index were applied to combine the studies and perform a meta-analysis.<br><strong>Results:</strong> A total sample of 11,024 was obtained for 10 selected studies. Results from intraoperative intervention demonstrate that the mean VAS (visual analog scale) scores were 1.46(CI 95%: -0.32, 3.24) and 1.87(CI 95%:0.79, 2.94) in the intervention and control groups, respectively six hours after surgery. The mean VAS scores were 2.06(CI 95%: 0.91, 3.20) and 2.35 (CI 95%: 0.57, 4.13) in the intervention and control groups, respectively, twelve hours after surgery. 24 hours following surgery; the mean VAS scores were 0.96(CI 95%: -0.21, 2.13) and 1.27(CI 95%: 0.33, 2.21) in the intervention and control groups, respectively.<br><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this meta-analysis demonstrate that intraoperative interventions, such as Peritoneal Suction Drainage, injection of Intraperitoneal Hydrocortisone with Bupivacaine, and warm and humidified insufflation carbon dioxide, can reduce the severity of SP in patients with LS. In addition, clinical trials with different interventions are needed to compare the efficacy and find effective interventions for SP management in patients with LS.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong><a href="https://zums.ac.ir/journal/search.php?sid=1&slc_lang=en&srchterm=Shoulder+Pain">Shoulder Pain</a>, <a href="https://zums.ac.ir/journal/search.php?sid=1&slc_lang=en&srchterm=Surgery">Surgery</a>, <a href="https://zums.ac.ir/journal/search.php?sid=1&slc_lang=en&srchterm=Laparoscopy">Laparoscopy</a>, <a href="https://zums.ac.ir/journal/search.php?sid=1&slc_lang=en&srchterm=Meta-analysis">Meta-analysis</a>, <a href="https://zums.ac.ir/journal/search.php?sid=1&slc_lang=en&srchterm=Systematic+Review">Systematic Review</a></p&gt