Breaking the Intergenerational Cycle of Physical Punishment

Fifteen women and five men participated in a study aimed at devising strategies to reduce the use of physical punishment in New Zealand. The potential problems with the use of physical punishment, the extent of its use in New Zealand, and the likelihood of intergenerational transmission are discussed to justify the aim of the study. The participants were all parents who had been smacked themselves, but who had decided not to smack their own children. Their ages ranged from 28 to 57, and only three had less than some tertiary education. They were from various ethnic backgrounds; fourteen had an occupation other than parenting, and nine were single parents. The participants had broken the intergenerational cycle of physical punishment: they had been smacked themselves but did not smack their own children. All participated in an individual, semi-structured interview, in which their childhood physical punishment, their decision not to smack, the maintenance of that decision, and their use of alternative disciplinary techniques were discussed. Four participated in a focus group, in which the strategies suggested in the interviews were discussed and refined to produce a final list of recommendations. The parents made a conscious decision against smacking, which involved a particular experience that prompted them to consider their disciplinary practices. Negative views of smacking (ineffective, modelling violence, and potential to escalate) were also helpful in making the decision. While maintaining their decision was usually easy, alternative techniques were sometimes hard to use, though effective in the long term. Some had to deal with the effects of deviating from a childrearing norm, particularly in regard to other family members. While many were satisfied that their own children were free from physical punishment, some had actively tried to convince other parents not to use it as well. They recommended strategies aimed at achieving the goals of parent education, raising awareness, reducing strain, and increasing support for parents. They also suggested practical steps that individual parents who were interested in breaking the cycle of physical punishment could take. The limitations and strengths of the study are discussed, as well as the implications for further research. The study demonstrates that parenting without physical punishment is effective, desirable, and achievable, even by parents who were smacked themselves. It presents a number of possible strategies and intermediate goals, for interventions at a national, community, or individual level, which aim to reduce the use of physical punishment

Diagnostic work-up and management of young patients with ulcer-like dyspepsia: A cost-minimisation study

Objective: We initiated a cost-minimisation modelling study to compare the costs of strategies based on initial endoscopy or initial non-invasive tests for the detection of Helicobacter (C13 UBT or serology) from the perspective of the Italian National Health Service. The secondary outcomes were the number of patients undergoing unnecessary Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication treatment and the number of endoscopic examinations spared.Methods: The study was based on a decision analysis model referring to patients aged less than 45 years with ulcer-like dyspepsia and no alarming symptoms. The probabilities entered in the model were weighted means from published studies, and the costs were derived from the Italian NHS reimbursement schedule. Sensitivity analyses were conducted over a wide range of probability and cost estimates in order to test the robustness of the model.Results: Non-invasive tests (such as the preliminary work-up of patients with ulcer-like dyspepsia aged less than 45 years) were cheaper ..

Real-world data from the health decision maker perspective. What are we talking about?

Healthcare decision-makers are increasingly developing policies that seek information on “real-world” data providing “evidence” to support and monitor changes in clinical practice or policy decisions. Many strategies may be evaluated in experimental circumstances, but this does rarely reflect clinical practice. Due to the current focus on information and computer technology to provide safer and more efficient healthcare delivery, the amount of electronic medical records and other electronic healthcare data is increasing exponentially, and these real-world data can be used for evidence generation. This review describes why and how healthcare/policy decision making could benefit from real-world data, it introduces methods to investigate real-world clinical practice, lists potentialities of routinely collected real-world data, reviews their availability in the word, and outlines future challenges in this field

Using social media for asynchronous collaboration within collaborative networks

Societal challenges of today (e.g. aging) are complex and often require systemic solutions to be addressed. To address these challenges, various expertise and knowledge are required; in this sense, collaborative network projects have a lot of potential in offering a systemic solution. Design workshops (synchronous collaboration) are often used to achieve progress in such projects. In this paper we introduce asynchronous collaboration, which can occur anytime, anywhere through the use of social media. We have probed Instagram as a ‘ready-made’ social media platform within two collaborative network project case studies. This was done to experiment with asynchronous collaboration and knowledge sharing in addition to design workshops. Both cases were evaluated through focus groups that indicated how social media has the potential to enable actors to cross-field boundaries, inspire each other, and in this way enrich the design process within asynchronous collaboration. Our contribution with this work is two-fold: on the one hand, we aim to inspire and show how collaborative network projects can benefit from asynchronous collaboration in addition to synchronous collaboration. On the other hand, we hope to contribute to the creation of specific social media platforms as tools for supporting asynchronous collaboration within collaborative networks

Using social media for asynchronous collaboration within collaborative networks

Societal challenges of today (e.g. aging) are complex and often require systemic solutions to be addressed. To address these challenges, various expertise and knowledge are required; in this sense, collaborative network projects have a lot of potential in offering a systemic solution. Design workshops (synchronous collaboration) are often used to achieve progress in such projects. In this paper we introduce asynchronous collaboration, which can occur anytime, anywhere through the use of social media. We have probed Instagram as a ‘ready-made’ social media platform within two collaborative network project case studies. This was done to experiment with asynchronous collaboration and knowledge sharing in addition to design workshops. Both cases were evaluated through focus groups that indicated how social media has the potential to enable actors to cross-field boundaries, inspire each other, and in this way enrich the design process within asynchronous collaboration. Our contribution with this work is two-fold: on the one hand, we aim to inspire and show how collaborative network projects can benefit from asynchronous collaboration in addition to synchronous collaboration. On the other hand, we hope to contribute to the creation of specific social media platforms as tools for supporting asynchronous collaboration within collaborative networks

Concept Mapping to Define Components for an Occupation-Based Intervention for Parkinson’s Disease and Anxiety

Background: Anxiety, a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD), results in reduced life quality, reduced participation in meaningful roles and daily activities, and increased health burden. There are no evidence-based interventions to reduce the impact of anxiety in PD on participation. Objective: This study aimed to identify the key components required for the co-production of an occupation- and community-based intervention for people with PD-related anxiety. Methods: A participatory mixed-methods research study was conducted using online Group Concept Mapping methodology that included five stages: brainstorming, idea synthesis, sorting activity, rating activity, and analysis. A cluster map, pattern match, and ‘go-zone’ charts were created through multivariate statistical analysis based on participants’ responses. The stages were guided by questions generated by the research team working with stakeholders. Results: Eighty-three people participated, with 64 taking part in more than one activity. Participants included people with PD (n = 72), care partners (n = 6), and occupational therapists (n = 5). The final map contained 119 statements with eight clusters (stress value 0.252): exercise, lifestyle changes, self-help, coping, access to information, professional help, peers and groups, support from others. Significant agreement existed between the importance and feasibility rating activities (r = –0.07). ‘Go-zone’ charts highlighted the priority statements for intervention development. Conclusions: This novel participatory study highlighted priority components that provide starting points for future development of an occupation- and community-based intervention for people with PD-related anxiety.</jats:p

Une société savante exclusivement féminine. Présage des temps modernes ou vestige de l'ancien régime ?

À la lumière d'une société savante réservée exclusivement aux femmes, il s'agira de retracer la sociabilité dans une ville de province et d'examiner dans quelle mesure elle symbolise ou non le passage vers la modernité et vers l'égalité des sexes. L'étude des sciences naturelles - de la physique en particulier - exercée par des femmes, semble au premier abord fort révolutionnaire. En va-t-il réellement ainsi ? Une visite dans le laboratoire de la société, où va se dérouler une démonstration astronomique, devrait en dire plus long à ce sujet.An Exclusively Female Learned Society: a Sign of Things to Come or a Vestige of the Old Regime ?In the context of a learned society reserved exclusively for ladies, the article monitors sociability in a small town of Zeeland and examines to what extent it symbolizes or not the passage to modernity and sexual equality. The study of natural sciences, physics in particular, undertaken by women would at first glance appear revolutionary. But was this really so ? A visit to the meeting-place where the weekly demonstrations were held may shed some light on the subject