Model Evaluasi Mutu Sekolah: Pengembangan Instrumen untuk Menetapkan Mutu

Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan: (1) model evaluasi mutu sekolah berbasis teori, hasil riset, dan informasi yang dapat digunakan untuk menetapkan mutu sekolah, (2) instrumen evaluasi mutu sekolah yang dapat memberikan informasi yang tepat bagi stakeholder, baik dari segi implementasi komponen dan indikator mutu maupun best practice dan best approach dalam peningkatan mutu sekolah secara berkelanjutan, dan (3) mekanisme evaluasi yang meliputi pengumpulan data, pengolahan dan analisis data, serta pemaknaan dan tindak lanjut hasil evaluasi dilakukan. Secara konseptual dan prosedural, model pengembangan yang digunakan pada penelitian dan pengembangan ini merujuk pada tiga model, yakni: (1) Research and Development (R&D) yang dikembangkan Borg dan Gall, (2) Research and Development Stages (R&D) yang dikembangkan Krajewski dan Ritzman, dan (3) Research Development and Diffusion (RD&D) yang dikembangkan Havelock. Subjek coba dalam R&D dilakukan tiga tahap yakni uji coba pendahuluan melibatkan 20 orang pakar dan praktisi pendidikan, uji coba utama diterapkan pada 250 subjek coba di SMA Negeri 4 Malang, dan uji coba operasional diterapkan pada 442 subjek coba di SMA Negeri 3 Malang, SMA Negeri 10 Malang, SMA Lab UM serta SMA A Yani Malang dengan melibatkan siswa, guru, dan orang tua siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik Delphi, FGD, angket, dokumen, observasi, wawancara, penilaian porto folio. Validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen angket dianalisis ITEMAN, sedangkan keabsahan data kualitatif dilakukan dengan trianggulasi antar sumber, tempat, dan metode. Analisis data kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis deskriptif dan data kualitatif dengan model interaktif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Model EMS: (1) pengembangan komponen dan indikator mutu sekolah dilakukan melalui R&D. Artinya, untuk menghasilkan komponen dan indikator mutu sebagai inti (core) dari model EMS dilakukan melalui kajian konseptual, teoretik, dan empirik di lapangan melalui survai, FGD, dan teknik Delphi; (2) ada interaksi yang positif antar pakar pendidikan dan praktisi pendidikan dalam memberikan judgment komponen dan indikator mutu sekolah. Artinya, proses pengembangan Model EMS yang di dalamnya berisi sepuluh komponen mutu dan empat puluh dua indikator mutu merupakan kesepakatan bersama yang akan digunakan sebagai acuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen EMS; (3) model EMS hasil pengembangan memiliki kepekaan yang tinggi terhadap objek yang diteliti. Artinya, dalam proses ujicoba pendahuluan, utama, dan operasional di lima Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) pada 742 subjek coba dapat mengungkap data yang dibutuhkan; (4) model EMS hasil pengembangan dapat memberikan informasi yang tepat bagi stakeholder. Artinya, tujuh jenis instrumen yang digunakan meliputi angket, dokumentasi, observasi, wawancara, dan penilaian porto folio dapat memberikan seluruh informasi yang berkaitan dengan implementasi komponen dan indikator mutu, termasuk best practice dan best approach yang dilakukan siswa, guru, kepala sekolah; (5) tingkat koherensi instrumen EMS ketika digunakan untuk menetapkan mutu sekolah sesuai dengan rancangan. Artinya, lima jenis instrumen yang digunakan dapat memberikan informasi yang saling mendukung dan melengkapi antara data kuantitatif yang dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif maupun data kualitatif yang dianalisis dengan interaktif; dan (6) kelebihan dibandingkan instrumen BAS Nas dan SNP signifikan. Artinya, instrumen EMS: (a) komprehensif, karena komponen dan mutu indikator mutu mewakili hampir seluruh kegiatan penyelenggaraan pendidikan, (b) holistik, karena dapat mengungkap fakta sesungguhnya apa yang terjadi di sekolah, (c) mudah dilakukan, (d) temuan EMS dapat digunakan sebagai evaluasi diri sekolah, (e) efektif digunakan sekolah tanpa mengganggu proses pembelajaran yang ada, (f) mendukung persiapan akreditasi sekolah dan penjaminan mutu, serta (g) independen karena melibatkan komite sekolah

CONS PRODUCTION BETWEEN SYSTEM SHADOWING AND NATURAL LIGHT ON ENERGY EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE

Abstract— A work of architecture in the design process can not be separated from consideration of aspects of Design Guide (Design Guide Lines Aspect) , which covers the functional aspects, contextual aspects, performance aspects, technical aspects, cost aspects, and aesthetic aspects (image), which together interact, interelasi, and interdependence. Particularly in Indonesia, which is the tropics, is the contextual aspect didak consideration can be avoided, so that the building as a work of architecture able to efficiently utilize the potential of a tropical climate, on the other hand could also counteract the negative influence of the tropical climate. At this time, the energy crisis is the growing issues around the world, considering 40% of energy absorbed by the field of architecture. Bright sky as a source of natural light, is a potential source of tropical should be used efficiently, while the sun should be in the amulet through the technique of shadowing system, because the negative effects of this radiation is a source of heat in the room. In an effort to save energy by using light and sunlight to counteract the facade design is very dependent on the orientation of the building face. In the design process, the response to the character of the building footprint will have an impact also on the orientation of the building face, which is an important consideration from funsional aspects, performance, and aesthetics. Therefore, not all buildings have the opportunity to advance the building orientation to the path of the sun profitable circulation. In a less favorable orientation (more inclined toward the east or west) facade exposed resulting radiation exposure to the sun, this radiation due to the amount of heat gain (heat gain) to enter the building through the openings (light hole) will be effective (significant), and to overcome required no small amount of energy. To avoid this element of deterrence is needed sun (sun shading devices) on the display of the building, especially to be able to overshadow the opening for the skylight. The problem will arise when the consideration of the use of light appears as a natural lighting. This is because, the application of shadowing system of deterrence elements sunlight in architectural design will reduce the effective light-hole as a source of natural lighting. This contradiction is very interesting to find a solution, how far the efficiency of sunlight deterrent element, but at the same time able to keep the hole as the effective light source in an optimal natural lighting. In this case also made possible the breakthrough technology that sun-stress element is once again able to replace the sky light as a source of natural light. Existence of counter-productive systems and the use of light imagery in natural light in architectural design in the context of this is the insight that energyefficient architecture is one of the typology-oriented architecture of global environmental conservation. . Keywords : system shadowing, natural light, energy efficient architecture Pendahuluan Indonesia yang merupakan negara yang terletak daidaerah tropis dengan iklim tropis basah, dapat dikatakan penggunaan energi BBM dan listrik lebih rendah dibanding negara di kawasan sub-tropis yang dapat mencapai 60 persen dari total konsumsi energi. Kondisi ini dikarenakan di negara sub-tropis pada musim dingin membutuhkan energi untuk pemanas ruang bagi semua lapisan masyarakat, sedangkan di Indonesia untuk mengatasi udara yang panas diatasi dengan penggunaan pendingin ruang (AC) yang hanya digunakan pada sejumlah kecil bangunan terutama di daerah perkotaan. Walaupun tindak antisipasi lebih lanjut, pada akhirnya akan memberikan kontribusi penurunan konsumsi energi secara nasional yang signifikan. Bangunan merupakan penyaring faktor alamiah penyebab ketidaknyamanan, seperti hantaran panas akibat paparan radiasi matahari, dan dapat pula sebagai penangkap cahaya alami sebagai potensi tropis untuk penerangan siang hari. Penghematan energi melalui rancang bangun dimaksudkan pada upaya penghematan listrik, baik untuk pendingin udara (AC) maupun penerangan buatan di siang hari. Dengan arti kata lain, strategi perancangan akan mampu memodifikasi iklim luar yang tidak nyaman menjadi iklim ruang yang nyaman dengan konsumsi energi yang rendah. Para arsitek Barat sudah memulai langkahlangkah strategi perancangan bangunan hemat energi sejak terjadinya keisis energi dunia sekitar tahun 1973, ironinya di Indonesia belum terasa adanya ”greget” kalangan arsitek Indonesia secara konsisten menuju upaya bangunan hemat energi

Parabolic subgroups of Garside groups II: ribbons

We introduce and investigate the ribbon groupoid associated with a Garside group. Under a technical hypothesis, we prove that this category is a Garside groupoid. We decompose this groupoid into a semi-direct product of two of its parabolic subgroupoids and provide a groupoid presentation. In order to established the latter result, we describe quasi-centralizers in Garside groups. All results hold in the particular case of Artin-Tits groups of spherical type

Free Will as a Psychological Accomplishment

I offer analyses of free will in terms of a complex set of psychological capacities agents possess to varying degrees and have varying degrees of opportunities to exercise effectively, focusing on the under-appreciated but essential capacities for imagination. For an agent to have free will is for her to possess the psychological capacities to make decisions—to imagine alternatives for action, to select among them, and to control her actions accordingly—such that she is the author of her actions and can deserve credit or blame for them. For an agent to act of her own free will is for her to have had (reasonable) opportunity to exercise these capacities in making her decision and acting. There is a long philosophical tradition of treating free will as the set of capacities that, when properly functioning, allow us to make decisions that contribute to our leading a good or flourishing life. On this view, free will is a psychological accomplishment. Free will allows us to be the causal source of our actions in a way that is compatible with determinism and naturalism

Review of Pangamonium by Zanesh Catkin

Review of Pangamonium by Zanesh Catki

Brexit and the provision of financial services into the EU and into the UK

Brexit is likely to lead to the relocation of UK financial services firms to the EU in order to be able to access EU markets, mainly through the EU passport. The same applies to the EU firms intending to be active on the UK markets. The access conditions to the EU markets are numerous and complex, laid down in EU and national legislation and regulation, and applied by the national supervisory authorities. The European Supervisory Authorities or "ESAs" have published elaborate statements, called Opinions, on the detailed access conditions and the way they intend to apply these. The two main objectives are the full application of EU law, and the avoidance of authorizing EU firms that would be "empty boxes" for activity that would in fact be exercised in the UK, and this mainly by delegating activities to another firm. Underlying is a policy of competition between national economies for relocations of EU firms, or of business activities to be developed on the UK financial markets