Pertinencia del voto obligatorio para Colombia : reflexiones desde el caso chileno y transversalidad del caso venezolano /

Este artículo parte de las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cuál ha sido la experiencia del voto obligatorio y su incidencia en la participación?, ¿Es pertinente optar por el voto obligatorio para aumentar la participación en Colombia? Para ello, el análisis se desarrollará en tres partes: la primera se enfoca en una revisión teórica del voto como institución, instrumento del sistema electoral, diferencia entre voto voluntario y obligatorio, y visiones clásicas de participación. La segunda parte consiste en un análisis a experiencias regionales e influencia de variables socioeconómicas en la participación. En la tercera se determinará la pertinencia del voto obligatorio para Colombia, sus efectos positivos y negativosIncluye referencias bibliográfica

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

La transferencia de políticas públicas de gobierno abierto en Colombia : análisis al CONPES de estado abierto, GANA y GAB

En este artículo se presenta un análisis descriptivo y una discusión académica sobre la transferencia de políticas en el proceso de formulación de las políticas públicas de Gobierno Abierto en Colombia a nivel nacional y a nivel subnacional en Nariño y Bogotá, entre 2010 y 2021. Para tal fin, se hizo una revisión de la literatura existente en torno al tema, se identificaron los actores y compromisos internacionales que han tenido un rol determinante, y se realizaron entrevistas con funcionarios públicos, ciudadanos y académicos que fueron participes en el diseño de dichas estrategias. A partir de la información obtenida, se identifica que las políticas objeto de estudio son, en gran medida, el resultado de la transferencia de ideas, motivaciones, conceptos y metodologías que ocurren en tres vías: del nivel internacional al nacional y subnacional, entre entidades subnacionales y del nivel subnacional al nacional.This article presents a descriptive analysis and an academic discussion on policy transfer in the process of Open Government public policies formulation in Colombia at the national and subnational levels, especially in the regions of Nariño and Bogotá D.C., between 2010 and 2021. In this way, it was necessary to make a n exhaustive review of the literature related to the topic , identified the actors and international commitments that have played a determining role , and conduct some interviews with public officials, citizens and academics who were involved in the design of the strategies. Based on the information obtained, it was found that the policies under study are the result of the transfer of ideas, motivations, concepts and methodologies that occur in three ways: from international to national and subnational levels, between the subnational level, and from the subnational to the national level.MaestríaMagíster en Gobierno y Políticas Pública

La transferencia de políticas públicas de gobierno abierto en Colombia : análisis al CONPES de estado abierto, GANA y GAB

En este artículo se presenta un análisis descriptivo y una discusión académica sobre la transferencia de políticas en el proceso de formulación de las políticas públicas de Gobierno Abierto en Colombia a nivel nacional y a nivel subnacional en Nariño y Bogotá, entre 2010 y 2021. Para tal fin, se hizo una revisión de la literatura existente en torno al tema, se identificaron los actores y compromisos internacionales que han tenido un rol determinante, y se realizaron entrevistas con funcionarios públicos, ciudadanos y académicos que fueron participes en el diseño de dichas estrategias. A partir de la información obtenida, se identifica que las políticas objeto de estudio son, en gran medida, el resultado de la transferencia de ideas, motivaciones, conceptos y metodologías que ocurren en tres vías: del nivel internacional al nacional y subnacional, entre entidades subnacionales y del nivel subnacional al nacional.This article presents a descriptive analysis and an academic discussion on policy transfer in the process of Open Government public policies formulation in Colombia at the national and subnational levels, especially in the regions of Nariño and Bogotá D.C., between 2010 and 2021. In this way, it was necessary to make a n exhaustive review of the literature related to the topic , identified the actors and international commitments that have played a determining role , and conduct some interviews with public officials, citizens and academics who were involved in the design of the strategies. Based on the information obtained, it was found that the policies under study are the result of the transfer of ideas, motivations, concepts and methodologies that occur in three ways: from international to national and subnational levels, between the subnational level, and from the subnational to the national level.MaestríaMagíster en Gobierno y Políticas Pública