EDUCAÇÃO E ARTE NA PERSPECTIVA DO PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL - FREDERICO WESTPHALEN: RELATO DO PROJETO “SEU OLHAR NA NOSSA HISTÓRIA

UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA MARI

Land–atmosphere interactions in sub-polar and alpine climates in the CORDEX Flagship Pilot Study Land Use and Climate Across Scales (LUCAS) models – Part 2: The role of changing vegetation

International audienceAbstract. Land cover in sub-polar and alpine regions of northern and eastern Europe have already begun changing due to natural and anthropogenic changes such as afforestation. This will impact the regional climate and hydrology upon which societies in these regions are highly reliant. This study aims to identify the impacts of afforestation/reforestation (hereafter afforestation) on snow and the snow-albedo effect and highlight potential improvements for future model development. The study uses an ensemble of nine regional climate models for two different idealised experiments covering a 30-year period; one experiment replaces most land cover in Europe with forest, while the other experiment replaces all forested areas with grass. The ensemble consists of nine regional climate models composed of different combinations of five regional atmospheric models and six land surface models. Results show that afforestation reduces the snow-albedo sensitivity index and enhances snowmelt. While the direction of change is robustly modelled, there is still uncertainty in the magnitude of change. The greatest differences between models emerge in the snowmelt season. One regional climate model uses different land surface models which shows consistent changes between the three simulations during the accumulation period but differs in the snowmelt season. Together these results point to the need for further model development in representing both grass–snow and forest–snow interactions during the snowmelt season. Pathways to accomplishing this include (1) a more sophisticated representation of forest structure, (2) kilometre-scale simulations, and (3) more observational studies on vegetation–snow interactions in northern Europe

Land–atmosphere interactions in sub-polar and alpine climates in the CORDEX Flagship Pilot Study Land Use and Climate Across Scales (LUCAS) models – Part 2: The role of changing vegetation

Land cover in sub-polar and alpine regions of northern and eastern Europe have already begun changing due to natural and anthropogenic changes such as afforestation. This will impact the regional climate and hydrology upon which societies in these regions are highly reliant. This study aims to identify the impacts of afforestation/reforestation (hereafter afforestation) on snow and the snow-albedo effect and highlight potential improvements for future model development. The study uses an ensemble of nine regional climate models for two different idealised experiments covering a 30-year period; one experiment replaces most land cover in Europe with forest, while the other experiment replaces all forested areas with grass. The ensemble consists of nine regional climate models composed of different combinations of five regional atmospheric models and six land surface models. Results show that afforestation reduces the snow-albedo sensitivity index and enhances snowmelt. While the direction of change is robustly modelled, there is still uncertainty in the magnitude of change. The greatest differences between models emerge in the snowmelt season. One regional climate model uses different land surface models which shows consistent changes between the three simulations during the accumulation period but differs in the snowmelt season. Together these results point to the need for further model development in representing both grass–snow and forest–snow interactions during the snowmelt season. Pathways to accomplishing this include (1) a more sophisticated representation of forest structure, (2) kilometre-scale simulations, and (3) more observational studies on vegetation–snow interactions in northern Europe

Regeneração natural em área de Caatinga no Baixo São Francisco sergipano: composição, diversidade, similaridade florística de espécies florestais

O conhecimento da regeneração natural na Catinga é essencial para compreender processos ecológicos importantes que aí ocorrem, especialmente a sua dinâmica, levando-se em consideração a condição climática a qual está associada. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de compreender a regeneração natural, investigando-se a capacidade de resiliência de três ambientes de Caatinga, sob diferentes níveis de conservação. A área de estudo corresponde a um remanescente de Caatinga situado em uma Unidade de Conservação denominada Monumento Natural Grota do Angico, no Alto Sertão sergipano. Foram instaladas 15 parcelas de 20 x 2 m em cada área, sendo amostrados todos os indivíduos de espécies lenhosas (vivas), com diâmetro ao nível do solo (DNS) menor que 3 cm e altura total mínima de 15 cm, sendo analisados os índices de diversidade de Shannon-Weaver (H’) e de Equabilidade de Pielou (J’), de Similaridade de Jacard, e o padrão de distribuição espacial das espécies pelo Índice de Payandeh. Foi possível observar a formação de dois grupos bem definidos. A maior parte das espécies amostradas apresentou um padrão de distribuição espacial agregado. O processo de regeneração natural está em fase inicial na área de Caatinga estudada, expressando o seu potencial de resiliência

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Self-Management in Three LMICs: A Pilot Randomized Trial

INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Health systems are ill-prepared to manage the increase in COPD cases. METHODS: We carried out a pilot effectiveness-implementation randomized field trial of a community health worker (CHW)-supported, one-year self-management intervention in individuals with COPD grade B-D. The study took place in low-resource settings of Nepal, Peru, and Uganda. The primary outcome was the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score at one year. We evaluated differences in moderate-to-severe exacerbations, all-cause hospitalizations and the EuroQol score (EQ5D-3L) at 12 months. RESULTS: We randomly assigned 239 participants (119 control, 120 intervention) with grade B-D COPD to a multi-component, CHW-supported intervention or standard of care and COPD education. 25 participants (21%) died or were lost to follow-up in the control arm compared to 11 (9%) in the intervention arm. At 12 months, there was no difference in mean total SGRQ scores between intervention and control arms (34.7 vs. 34.0 points; adjusted mean difference 1.0, 95% CI -4.2 to 6.1; p=0.71). The intervention arm had a higher proportion of hospitalizations (10% vs 5.2%; adjusted odds ratio 2.2, 95% CI 0.8-7.5; p=0.15) at 12 months compared to controls. CONCLUSION: A CHW-based intervention to support self-management of acute exacerbations of COPD in three resource-poor settings did not result in differences in SGRQ scores at one year. Fidelity was high, and intervention engagement was moderate. While results cannot differentiate between a failed intervention or implementation, it nonetheless suggests that we need to revisit our strategy. Clinical trial registration available at www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov, ID: NCT03359915

Violacein-Induced Chaperone System Collapse Underlies Multistage Antiplasmodial Activity

Antimalarial drugs with novel modes of action and wide therapeutic potential are needed to pave the way for malaria eradication. Violacein is a natural compound known for its biological activity against cancer cells and several pathogens, including the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum (Pf). Herein, using chemical genomic profiling (CGP), we found that violacein affects protein homeostasis. Mechanistically, violacein binds Pf chaperones, PfHsp90 and PfHsp70-1, compromising the latter's ATPase and chaperone activities. Additionally, violacein-treated parasites exhibited increased protein unfolding and proteasomal degradation. The uncoupling of the parasite stress response reflects the multistage growth inhibitory effect promoted by violacein. Despite evidence of proteotoxic stress, violacein did not inhibit global protein synthesis via UPR activation - a process that is highly dependent on chaperones, in agreement with the notion of a violacein-induced proteostasis collapse. Our data highlight the importance of a functioning chaperone-proteasome system for parasite development and differentiation. Thus, a violacein-like small molecule might provide a good scaffold for development of a novel probe for examining the molecular chaperone network and/or antiplasmodial drug design.publishersversionpublishe

População negra: o que não é ensinado sobre semiologia dermatológica na pele preta - Um relato de experiência

Introduction: The dermatological literature of semiology usually presents a description of skin injuries from the point of view of white skin, not covering the ways of manifestations in the black population, which represents 55.8% of skin in Brazil. For this reason, many medical students and physicians do not have full knowledge of the subject, making it difficult to identify skin diseases early in the black population. Experience Report: Through IFMSA Brazil, a conversation circle was promoted with the title "Black population: what is NOT taught about dermatological semiology in black skin", which resulted, through a conversation circle, a discussion about the main injuries on black skin and a handout of the same title, responsible for summarize images, description of the lesion, epidemiology and treatment of 10 dermatological diseases in black skin into a document that allowed sharing. The present study is defined as observational, descriptive and retrospective, which portrays the experience of six medical students. The activity was planned and executed in two main sections: conversation circle and handout, which had 4 and 3 stages, respectively. Discussion: The study of black skin is an important and complex topic in the field of dermatology and it is essential to know its biological and adaptable differences in relation to white skin. This makes sure that the future professionals can provide improved, comprehensive and proper care to the Brazilian population. Conclusion: The feedback from the event was positive. It was clear that there’s a lack of treatment in this part of dermatological semiology, showing the need for a more detailed approach to this theme throughout the graduation into the medical field.Introdução: A bibliografia da semiologia dermatológica, em sua grande maioria, apresenta descrição das lesões do ponto de vista da pele branca, não abrangendo as formas de manifestações na da população negra, que representa 55,8% das peles no Brasil. Por essa razão, muitos estudantes de medicina e médicos não possuem um conhecimento pleno sobre o assunto, dificultando a identificação precoce de doenças. Relato de Experiência: Por meio da IFMSA Brazil foi promovida uma roda de conversa com o título "População negra: o que NÃO é ensinado sobre semiologia dermatológica na pele preta", que levantou, através de uma roda de conversa, a discussão sobre as principais lesões apresentadas na pele preta, e uma cartilha de mesmo título, responsável por condensar em um documento passível de compartilhamento imagens, descrição da lesão, epidemiologia e tratamento de 10 doenças dermatológicas na pele preta. O presente estudo se caracteriza como observacional, descritivo e retrospectivo, que retrata a experiência de seis acadêmicos. A atividade foi planejada e executada em dois principais módulos: roda de conversa e cartilha, os quais contaram com 4 e 3 etapas, respectivamente. Discussão: O estudo da pele negra é um tópico importante e complexo no campo da dermatologia, sendo imprescindível conhecer as suas diferenças estruturais, biológicas e funcionais em relação à pele clara. Isso assegura que esses futuros profissionais possam realizar um atendimento aprimorado, adequado e integral à população brasileira. Conclusão: Os feedbacks da ação foram positivos. Ficou evidente quão deficitária é  o tratamento desse contingente da semiologia dermatológica, demonstrando a necessidade da abordagem mais pormenorizada dessa temática ao longo da graduação de Medicina

High-throughput gene discovery in the rat

The rat is an important animal model for human diseases and is widely used in physiology. In this article we present a new strategy for gene discovery based on the production of ESTs from serially subtracted and normalized cDNA libraries, and we describe its application for the development of a comprehensive nonredundant collection of rat ESTs. Our new strategy appears to yield substantially more EST clusters per ESTs sequenced than do previous approaches that did not use serial subtraction. However, multiple rounds of library subtraction resulted in high frequencies of otherwise rare internally primed cDNAs, defining the limits of this powerful approach. To date, we have generated >200,000 3′ ESTs from >100 cDNA libraries representing a wide range of tissues and developmental stages of the laboratory rat. Most importantly, we have contributed to ∼50,000 rat UniGene clusters. We have identified, arrayed, and derived 5′ ESTs from >30,000 unique rat cDNA clones. Complete information, including radiation hybrid mapping data, is also maintained locally at http://genome.uiowa.edu/clcg.html. All of the sequences described in this article have been submitted to the dbEST division of the NCBI