The Impact of Strategic Leadership on Entrepreneurial Performance An Analytical Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Administrative Leaders in The Union Company for Food Industries Ltd. in Babylon

المقدمة يسعى بحثنا الحالي الى قياس تأثير القيادة الاستراتيجية بأبعادها المتمثلة بـ(تحديد التوجة الاستراتيجي، الاستثمار والمحافظة على المقدرات الجوهرية، تطوير رأس المال البشري، تعزيز الثقافة التنظيمية) في الاداء الريادي بأبعاده المتمثلة بـ(الابداع، تقبل المخاطرة، والاستباقية) اذ انه تبنى في اطاره النظري القيادة الاستراتيجية متغيرا مستقلا والاداء الريادي متغيرا تابعا، من خلال استعمال العينة بأسلوب الحصر الشامل وزعت (123) استمارة استبيان على جميع القيادات في مختلف المستويات الادارية من رئيس ومجلس ادارة الشركة والمدير التنفيذي والمدير العام وجميع مسؤولي الاقسام والشعب في شركة الاتحاد للصناعات الغذائية المحدودة، ولأجل معالجة هذه البيانات واختبار الفرضيات استخدم الباحث عدد من الاساليب الاحصائية واهمها (الوسط الحسابي، الانحراف المعياري، معامل الاختلاف النسبي، الاهمية النسبية) واظهرت نتائج البحث الحالي وجود علاقة تأثير متعددة موجبة وذات دلالة معنوية بين متغيرات البحث (القيادة الاستراتيجية والاداء الريادي). طرق العمل استخدام الاسلوب التحليلي للوصول للنتائج من خلال استخدام استمارة الاستبيان واخضاعها لعدة اساليب وادوات احصائية من خلال برنامج التحليل الاحصائي SPSS. الاستنتاجات يتضح من نتائج اختبار فرضيات الدراسة وجود تأثير ذو دلالة معنوية لمتغير القيادة الاستراتيجية في الأداء الريادي على مستوى الشركة عينة الدراسة، وهذا يدل على ان كلما زاد اهتمام القيادات الإدارية في الشركة عينة الدراسة بأبعاد القيادة الاستراتيجية وتتبع السلوكيات الاستراتيجية، وكلما كانت لديها نظرة ثاقبة للمستقبل ورؤية واضحة وفهم عميق لديناميكية السوق، ولديها الخبرات والمهارات والقدرات الازمة للتعامل مع المتغيرات البيئية، كلما ازداد مستوى الأداء الريادي على مستوى الشركة عينة الدراسة، وازدادت قدرتها على تحقيق النجاح. واتضح أيضا من نتائج اختبار فرضيات الدراسة وجود تأثير ذو دلالة معنوية لبعد تحديد التوجه الاستراتيجي في الأداء الريادي، وهذا يعني ان الشركة عينة الدراسة كلما اهتمت أكثر بتحديد توجهها الاستراتيجي بوضوح وصياغة استراتيجيتها بشفافية عالية، وكلما كان لدى قياداتها الإدارية فهم كامل للعملية الاستراتيجية كلما ارتفع الاداء الريادي لديها. أظهرت نتائج اختبار الفرضيات وجود تأثير ذو دلالة معنوية لبعد الاستثمار والمحافظة على المقدرات الجوهرية في متغير الأداء الريادي، ويعني هذا التأثير ان المنظمة يمكنها زيادة مستوى أدائها الريادي عندما تمتلك المعرفة الكاملة في كيفية إدارة مواردها بالشكل الأمثل، وكذلك التكامل بين اقسام الشركة واداراتها المختلفة في مناقلة الموارد والخبرات من اجل بناء المقدرات الجوهرية وتحسين مخرجاتها. تبين من نتائج اختبار فرضيات الدراسة وجود تأثير ذو دلالة معنوية لبعد تعزيز الثقافة التنظيمية في متغير الأداء الريادي، ويشير هذا التأثير الى ان القيادات الادارية عندما تهتم بتعزيز الثقافة التنظيمية في الشركة وتطوير عواملها الاساسية وتحسين قيمها ومعتقداتها واعتباراتها الأخلاقية السائدة، وتهيئة الجو الملائم للعمل وتحسين العلاقات الاجتماعية، هذا من شئن رفع مستوى الأداء الريادي لديه.Introduction Our current research seeks to measure the impact of leadership with its dimensions represented by (determining direction, investing and preserving core capabilities, developing human capital, promoting culture) a questionnaire a questionnaire on all measurements at various administrative levels, the chairman of the board of directors of the company, the executive director, the general manager, and the management of departments and divisions in Union Company for Food Industries Ltd In order to process this data and test the hypotheses, the researcher used a number of statistical methods, the most important of which are (the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, the relative coefficient of difference, and the relative importance). working methods Using the analytical method to reach the results through the use of the questionnaire form and subjecting it to several statistical methods and tools through the SPSS statistical analysis program. Conclusions It is clear from the results of testing the hypotheses of the study that there is a significant effect of the strategic leadership variable on the entrepreneurial performance at the level of the study sample company, and this indicates that the more the administrative leaderships in the study sample company pay attention to the dimensions of strategic leadership and follow strategic behaviors, the more they have an insight into the future and a vision It has a clear and deep understanding of the market dynamics, and it has the necessary expertise, skills, and capabilities to deal with environmental variables. The higher the level of entrepreneurial performance at the level of the study sample company, the greater its ability to achieve success. It was also clear from the results of testing the hypotheses of the study that there is a significant effect of the dimension of defining the strategic direction on the entrepreneurial performance, and this means that the study sample company paid more attention to defining its strategic direction clearly and formulating its strategy with high transparency, and the more its administrative leaders had a full understanding of the strategic process, the higher the performance its pioneer. The results of hypothesis testing showed that there is a significant effect of the investment dimension and the preservation of core capabilities in the entrepreneurial performance variable. Resources and expertise in order to build core capabilities and improve their outputs. From the results of testing the hypotheses of the study, it was found that there is a significant effect of the dimension of strengthening the organizational culture in the variable of entrepreneurial performance. Social, this is a matter of raising the level of his leadership performance

Strategic Agility and its Impact on Organizational Supply Chain Success: Applied Research in a Sample of the Faculties of the University of Babylon

The current research aims to answer the following questions: Is there a relationship between strategic agility and organizational supply chain success? Is there an impact of strategic agility on organizational supply chain success? Through the theoretical philosophy and the intellectual implications of these variables and through the practical application of the research sample, which represented the faculties of the University of Babylon, (15) faculty, the questionnaire was distributed to the actors in these colleges and the deans of the faculties and assistants deans and heads of departments, The research came out with the most important conclusions were the existence of a relationship of significant significance and the existence of a significant effect of the strategic agility in organizational supply chain success

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Plant-growth-promoting Bacillus and Paenibacillus species improve the nutritional status of Triticum aestivum L.

Wheat is one of the best-domesticated cereal crops and one of the vital sources of nutrition for humans. An investigation was undertaken to reveal the potential of novel bio-inoculants enriching micronutrients in shoot and grains of wheat crop to eliminate the hazards of malnutrition. Sole as well as consortia inoculation of bio-inoculants significantly enhanced mineral nutrients including zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) concentrations in shoot and grains of wheat. Various treatments of bio-inoculants increase Zn and Fe content up to 1-15% and 3-13%, respectively. Sole inoculation of Bacillus aryabhattai (S10) impressively improves the nutritious of wheat. However, the maximum increase in minerals contents of wheat was recorded by consortia inoculation of Paenibacillus polymyxa ZM27, Bacillus subtilis ZM63 and Bacillus aryabhattai S10. This treatment also showed a maximum bacterial population (18 × 104 cfu mL-1) in the rhizosphere. The consortium application of these strains showed up to a 17% increase in yield. It is evident from the results that the consortium application was more effective than sole and co-inoculation. A healthy positive correlation was found between growth, yield, and the accessibility of micronutrients to wheat crops at the harvesting stage. The present investigations revealed the significance of novel bacterial strains in improving the nutritional status of wheat crops. These strains could be used as bio-inoculants for the biofortification of wheat to combat hidden hunger in developing countries