La radiación sale a la comunidad : Prevención de los efectos sobre los seres humanos de la radiación

En gran cantidad de centros de Atención Primaria, consultorios de atención médica y Odontológica y salas sanitarias, se trabaja con equipos radiográficos, que utilizan radiaciones ionizantes. La radioprotección es un tema poco abordado en proyectos de extensión universitaria y salud pública, todos los pacientes conocen lo que es una radiografía pero la mayoría desconoce que se utilizan radiaciones ionizantes las cuales son acumulativas durante toda la vida del ser humano y que las cuales pueden causar posibles efectos perjudiciales sino se utilizan las medidas de radioprotección. La radiación ionizante es un tipo de energía liberada por los átomos en forma de ondas electromagnéticas (rayos X) o partículas. Debido a la desinformación y por demanda de un sector de la comunidad, vimos la importancia de ejecutar desde la FOLP (Facultad de Odontología de La Plata) este proyecto en dos lugares puntuales de Lisandro Olmos y Berisso. Allí se llevarán a cabo actividades de difusión y concientización sobre esta problemática para lo cual se crearán grupos de trabajo multi e interdisciplinarios. Para esto se realizarán charlas informativas, talleres y proyección de material didáctico con la finalidad de generar interés respecto a radioprotección. Por tal motivo, en contexto de pandemia, revisamos nuestro rol de agentes promotores de salud, viendo necesario además de tratar la problemática de radioprotección, se abordarán todas las acciones y medidas preventivas sobre Covid 19. De esta manera, reformulamos, redirigimos y ajustamos nuestro proyecto original a fin de contribuir a las necesidades actuales en relación a la salud integral de la sociedad y la relevancia que conlleva la prevención. Esta temática es de suma importancia en la actualidad, pero no siendo ajenos a la situación sanitaria que atravesamos, traspasamos la barrera de la radioprotección para involucrarnos en lo que nos ocurre como sociedad. Se llevarán a cabo actividades de concientización y difusión sobre radioprotección y Covid 19 para lo cual se crearán grupos de trabajo multi e interdisciplinarios. Y se realizarán reuniones informativas, talleres y proyección de material didáctico por vía virtual.Facultad de Odontologí

La radiación sale a la comunidad : Parte 2

Todos los pacientes conocen lo que es una radiografía pero la mayoría desconoce que se utilizan radiaciones ionizantes las cuales son acumulativas durante toda la vida del ser humano y que las cuales pueden causar posibles efectos perjudiciales sino se utilizan las medidas de radioprotección. La radiación ionizante es un tipo de energía liberada por los átomos en forma de ondas electromagnéticas (rayos X) o partículas. El fenómeno de la radiación es la propagación de energía en forma de ondas electromagnéticas o partículas subatómicas a través del vacío o de un medio material. Existen las ionizantes y no ionizantes. Siendo las ionizantes las que producen los efectos biológicos de los que se debe proteger a cada uno de los integrantes de la comunidad. La radiación puede afectar el funcionamiento de células, tejidos, órganos y producir efectos como dermatitis, alteraciones de la formula sanguínea, caída del cabello, quemaduras, carcinomas, mutaciones y hasta la muerte del individuo. Creemos necesaria la difusión y conc ientización en la comunidad para que se conozcan los posibles riesgos de las radiaciones y poder prevenirlas. Se debe tener en cuenta que las dosis recibidas con los estudios radiográficos si se cumplen las normas de radioprotección no implican la absorción de dosis altas de radiación. La comunidad está expuesta además a estudios radiográficos médicos. Teniendo en cuenta que en la actualidad ya se está estudiando la probabilidad de aparición de alteraciones con dosis bajas de radiación y como consecuencia a través de su participación exija el cumplimiento de las normas de radioprotección y actúen como multiplicadores de salud. Los límites de dosis actualmente en vigor, están referidos a un periodo de tiempo de un año oficial y diferencian entre trabajadores expuestos, personas en formación o estudiantes y miembros del público. También están establecidos límites y medidas de protección especial para determinados casos, como mujeres embarazadas y en período de lactancia y exposiciones especialmente autorizadas. Es de suma importancia que los integrantes de la comunidad y los operadores conozcan la existencia de principios básicos de radioprotección, que actúan como barreras reduciendo la exposición a la radiación para evitar la aparición de alteraciones. En este trabajo de investigación se vincula con la docencia y la extensión, ya que en la carrera de grado de Odontología los alumnos realizan sus prácticas en los centros operativos de Atención Primaria pertenecientes a la Facultad de Odontología de la UNLP, prestando atención en salud bucal y brindando de esta manera un servicio a la Sociedad. Al desarrollar una actividad clínica (ya que en los centros se brinda atención odontológica), tanto los alumnos como los pacientes están en contacto con radiaciones por lo que se hace esencial trabajar sobre los cuidados en radioprotección.Facultad de Odontologí

Search for large extra dimensions in the production of jets and missing transverse energy in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

We present the results of a search for new physics in the jets plus missing transverse energy data sample collected from 368 pb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We compare the number of events observed in the data with a data-based estimate of the standard model backgrounds contributing to this signature. We observe no significant excess of events, and we interpret this null result in terms of lower limits on the fundamental Planck scale for a large extra dimensions scenario

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Global Impact of COVID-19 on Stroke Care and IV Thrombolysis

Objective To measure the global impact of COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of IV thrombolysis (IVT), IVT transfers, and stroke hospitalizations over 4 months at the height of the pandemic (March 1 to June 30, 2020) compared with 2 control 4-month periods. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study across 6 continents, 70 countries, and 457 stroke centers. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes or classifications in stroke databases. Results. There were 91,373 stroke admissions in the 4 months immediately before compared to 80,894 admissions during the pandemic months, representing an 11.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] −11.7 to −11.3, p \u3c 0.0001) decline. There were 13,334 IVT therapies in the 4 months preceding compared to 11,570 procedures during the pandemic, representing a 13.2% (95% CI −13.8 to −12.7, p \u3c 0.0001) drop. Interfacility IVT transfers decreased from 1,337 to 1,178, or an 11.9% decrease (95% CI −13.7 to −10.3, p = 0.001). Recovery of stroke hospitalization volume (9.5%, 95% CI 9.2–9.8, p \u3c 0.0001) was noted over the 2 later (May, June) vs the 2 earlier (March, April) pandemic months. There was a 1.48% stroke rate across 119,967 COVID-19 hospitalizations. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was noted in 3.3% (1,722/52,026) of all stroke admissions. Conclusions. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a global decline in the volume of stroke hospitalizations, IVT, and interfacility IVT transfers. Primary stroke centers and centers with higher COVID-19 inpatient volumes experienced steeper declines. Recovery of stroke hospitalization was noted in the later pandemic months

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

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Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research