New crystal packing arrangements in radical cation salts of BEDT-TTF with [Cr(NCS)6]3− and [Cr(NCS)5(NH3)]2−

BEDT-TTF forms three packing arrangement styles in its radical cation salts with [Cr(NCS)6]3− in two of which two trans-oriented isothiocyanate ligands penetrate the BEDT-TTF layers either at the point where a solvent (nitrobenzene) is incorporated in a stack of donors or by four donor molecules forming a “tube” motif to accept a ligand at each end along with a small solvent molecule in between (acetonitrile). The [Cr(NCS)5NH3]2− ion forms a related crystal packing arrangement with BEDT-TTF with a reduction in the number of “tube” motifs needed to accept an isothiocyanate ligand

The effects of alcohol on plasma lipid mediators of inflammation resolution in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and low-grade systemic inflammation. Inflammation resolution is recognised as an important process driven by specialised pro-resolving mediators of inflammation (SPMs) and has the potential to moderate chronic inflammation. Alcohol has the potential to affect synthesis of SPMs by altering key enzymes involved in SPM synthesis and may influence ongoing inflammation associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aims (i) To examine the effects of alcohol consumed as red wine on plasma SPM in men and women with Type 2 diabetes in a randomised controlled trial and (ii) compare baseline plasma SPM levels in the same patients with those of healthy volunteers. Methods Twenty-four patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized to a three-period crossover study with men drinking red wine 300 ml/day (∼31 g alcohol/day) and women drinking red wine 230 ml/day (∼24 g alcohol/day), or equivalent volumes of dealcoholized red wine (DRW) or water, each for 4 weeks. The SPM 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE), E-series resolvins (Rv) (RvE1-RvE3), 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA), and D-series resolvins (RvD1, 17R-RvD1, RvD2, RvD5), 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (14-HDHA) and Maresin 1 were measured at the end of each period. A baseline comparison of plasma SPM, hs CRP, lipids and glucose was made with healthy volunteers. Results Red wine did not differentially affect any of the SPM measured when compared with DRW or water. Baseline levels of the hs-CRP and the SPM 18-HEPE, 17-HDHA, RvD1 and 17R-RvD1 in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus were all significantly elevated compared with healthy controls and remained so after adjusting for age and gender. Conclusion Moderate alcohol consumption as red wine does not alter plasma SPM in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The elevation of SPM levels compared with healthy volunteers may be a homeostatic response to counter ongoing inflammation

Chronic erythropoietin treatment improves diet-induced glucose intolerance in rats

Erythropoietin (EPO) ameliorates glucose metabolism through mechanisms not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of EPO on glucose metabolism and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. A 2-week EPO treatment of rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) improved fasting glucose levels and glucose tolerance, without altering total body weight or retroperitoneal fat mass. Concomitantly, EPO partially rescued insulin-stimulated AKT activation, reduced markers of oxidative stress, and restored heat-shock protein 72 expression in soleus muscles from HFD-fed rats. Incubation of skeletal muscle cell cultures with EPO failed to induce AKT phosphorylation and had no effect on glucose uptake or glycogen synthesis. We found that the EPO receptor gene was expressed in myotubes, but was undetectable in soleus. Together, our results indicate that EPO treatment improves glucose tolerance but does not directly activate the phosphorylation of AKT in muscle cells. We propose that the reduced systemic inflammation or oxidative stress that we observed after treatment with EPO could contribute to the improvement of whole-body glucose metabolism.Corinne Caillaud, Mie Mechta, Heidi Ainge, Andreas N Madsen, Patricia Ruell, Emilie Mas, Catherine Bisbal, Jacques Mercier, Stephen Twigg, Trevor A Mori, David Simar and Romain Barrè

Compromiso Organizacional Docente de una Institución Educativa Inicial Pública del Sector Nueva Rioja, Rioja, San martín.

El compromiso organizacional ha sido investigado extensamente en organizaciones estatales o particulares, ya sea en el ámbito local e internacional; pero en el escenario educativo de educación básica regular no existen estudios, y es allí donde radica la importancia de la investigación porque se analizará qué tan comprometidos están los docentes, directivos y personal administrativo en la mejora de los aprendizajes de los estudiantes. La investigación sobre el compromiso organizacional del personal docente del nivel inicial se sustenta en los teóricos de Mayer y Allen (1991); Rivera, O. (2010); Edel, García y Casiano (2007); Barraza, A. y Acosta, M. (2008); Leal, Y. (2011); Flores, O. (2013); Chaquinga, A. (2015); y Santana, M. (2013) para diseñar un marco teórico que permita construir su concepto, desarrollo histórico, importancia, establecer sus dimensiones, factores, beneficios, desventajas, y las teorías. Así como el compromiso organizacional en los docentes. El estudio tiene tres capítulos; el primero, que explica el problema científico del compromiso organizacional en la educación básica regular, nivel inicial; en el segundo, analizar el marco teórico con revisión de literatura actualizada, definición de términos y variables; y tercero, la metodología que establece el cómo se realizará la investigación, y finalmente, se concluye con las referencias y anexos.Trabajo de investigacio

The Structure and Kinematics of the Circum-Galactic Medium from Far-UV Spectra of z~2-3 Galaxies

We present new results on the kinematics and spatial distribution of metal-enriched gas within 125 kpc (physical) of Lyman Break galaxies at redshifts z~2-3. In particular, we demonstrate how rest-UV galaxy spectra can be used to obtain key spatial and spectral information more efficiently than possible with QSO sightlines. After recalibrating the measurement of galaxy systemic redshifts from their UV spectra, we investigate the kinematics of galaxy-scale outflows via the strong interstellar (IS) absorption and Lya emission lines (when present), as well as their dependence on other physical properties of the galaxies. We construct a sample of 512 close (1-15 arcsec) angular pairs of z~2-3 LBGs in which the spectra background galaxies probe the circumgalactic gas surrrounding those in the foreground. The close pairs, together with spectra of the foreground galaxies themselves, sample galactocentric impact parameters b=0-125 kpc (physical) at =2.2. The ensemble provides a spatial map of cool gas as a function of galactocentric distance for a well-characterized population of galaxies. We propose a simple model that simultaneously matches the kinematics, depth, and profile shape of IS absorption and Lya emission lines, as well as the observed variation of absorption line strength (of HI, CII, CIV, SiII, SiIV) versus galactocentric impact parameter. We discuss the results of the observations in the context of "cold accretion", in which cool gas accretes via filamentary streams directly onto the central regions of galaxies. At present, we find little observational support for cool infalling material, whereas evidence supporting the large-scale effects of outflows is strong. Reconciling theory and observation on the subject of gas flows into and out of forming galaxies seems necessary.Comment: To appear in ApJ; minor revisions to match journal version; added 1 figure, several references, and a subsection discussing the inferred rate of gas outflow into the IG

Autoestima y autoeficacia de los chilenos. Relacion en el ambito laboral

102 p.La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la autoestima y autoeficacia de los chilenos. Se aplicó una encuesta a nivel nacional, basada en los Test de Rosenberg para autoestima y Baessler & Schwarzer para autoeficacia. El universo fueron los chilenos mayores de 18 años y el marco muestral habitantes de las capitales regionales con teléfono. El diseño muestral fue un muestreo probabilístico y la entrevista telefónica. La información se analizó mediante estadística descriptiva, ANOVA de una vía y Análisis de Tablas de Contingencia. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que existe relación entre autoestima y autoeficacia. La autoestima no presenta diferencias significativas por sexo. Se observan diferencias significativas según edad, estado civil, situación laboral, nivel socioeconómico y zona geográfica. En el caso de la autoeficacia el estado civil no es un factor diferenciador. Si se presentaron diferencias significativas en las variables: edad, sexo, situación laboral, nivel socioeconómico y zona geográfica

Infrared Investigation of the Charge Ordering Pattern in the Organic Spin Ladder Candidate (DTTTF)2Cu(mnt)2

We measured the variable temperature infrared response of the spin ladder candidate (DTTTF)2Cu(mnt)2 in order to distinguish between two competing ladder models, rectangular versus zigzag, proposed for this family of materials. The distortion along the stack direction below 235 K is consistent with a doubling along b through the metal-insulator transition. While this would agree with either of the ladder models, the concomitant transverse distortion rules out the rectangular ladder model and supports the zigzag scenario. Intramolecular distortions within the DTTTF building block molecule also give rise to on-site charge asymmetry.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Solid State Science

A family of unsymmetrical hydroxyl-substituted BEDT-TTF donors: syntheses, structures and preliminary thin film studies

Three new unsymmetrical hydroxyl-functionalized donors H1–H3 closely related to hydroxymethyl-BEDT-TTF have been synthesised and characterised. Cyclic voltammetry studies showed that the compounds exhibit reversible two one-electron redox processes typical for BEDT-TTF derivatives. X-ray diffraction studies of H1 and H2 reveal π-stacking interactions between pairs of donors that are organized into distinct H-bonded square motifs and DFT calculations indicate that the HOMO is located on the central 1,3-dithiole rings. Protection of the hydroxyl group with acetyl in 13 eliminates co-facial S...S interactions between the dimers to accommodate the bulkier side chains, but short edge-to-edge S...S contacts offer an alternative pathway for electron mobility. Chemical oxidation of H1 and HMET 2 with I2 afforded single crystals of two 1 : 1 charge transfer salts, 18 and 19. The molecules pack as dimers with close π-stacking interactions between pairs of radical cations whose crystal structures are further stabilized via an interplay of S...S and S...I contacts. Iodine-doped surface conducting polystyrene blend films of H3 deposited on a silica substrate exhibit quasiconducting properties, but afford no OFET response when fabricated into devices. Visible-NIR studies of a doped polystyrene blend film of H3 cast on a glass substrate show absorption bands at λ =9 50 and 3000 nm, consistent with mixed valence states due to the presence of charge-transfer species on the surface of the films