Satisfacción laboral del capital humano (docentes de educación secundaria) durante la pandemia por Covid 19

Job satisfaction in the teaching field is essential to meet the objectives of the teaching-learning process. During the Covid 19 pandemic, teachers faced three moments: fully online, hybrid and face-to-face education, these being determinants of their job satisfaction. This research aimed to analyze the satisfaction of secondary school teachers in a public school, located in the City of Puebla, in the three modalities described, through a cross-sectional methodology (2020 to 2022). The null hypothesis H₀ of this research is that teachers are more satisfied teaching classes face-to-face. The methodology used in this study is based on the proposal of Gil-Villa et al. (2020). A quantitative study was carried out through a questionnaire that was applied to all the teachers of this institution and a qualitative study through an in-depth interview, which was applied to the director of the school. It was possible to observe that in all the variables there is a relationship. Most agree that when classes are face-to-face there is better communication, greater adaptation, motivation, relationship, happiness and, therefore, satisfaction in teachers and their activities.La satisfacción laboral en el ámbito docente resulta fundamental para cumplir los objetivos del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Durante la pandemia por Covid 19 los maestros se enfrentaron a tres momentos: la educación totalmente en línea, la híbrida y la presencial, siendo estos determinantes en su satisfacción laboral. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la satisfacción de los docentes de educación secundaria en una escuela pública, ubicada en la Ciudad de Puebla, en las tres modalidades descritas, a través de una metodología transversal (2020 a 2022). La hipótesis nula H₀ de esta investigación es que los docentes se encuentran más satisfechos impartiendo clases en la modalidad presencial. La metodología usada en este estudio está basada en la propuesta de Gil-Villa et al. (2020). Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo a través de un cuestionario que se aplicó a todos los docentes de esta institución y un estudio cualitativo mediante una entrevista a profundidad, que se aplicó al director del plantel. Se pudo observar que en todas las variables existe una relación. La mayoría concuerda en que cuando las clases son presenciales hay una mejor comunicación, mayor adaptación, motivación, relación, felicidad y, por tanto, satisfacción en los docentes y sus actividades

Gestión del conocimiento, a través de plataformas y herramientas digitales de aprendizaje ante la migración de clases presenciales a en linea

This article deals with the issue of managing educational technologies in virtual learning environments. Faced with a historical event, such as the Covid- 19 pandemic, the educational system was forced to migrate face-to-face classes in distance education.   This fact, which took teachers and students by surprise, has generated various opportunity areas to improve skills, by using ICT in students and teachers. That is why the objective of this article is: to recommend strategies to adequately manage knowledge in the face of the need to migrate from face-to-face classes to 100 percent on line at the college/university level, when there are emergency situations that force to change traditional learning, through of the diagnosis of the experience lived in the Covid-19 pandemic.   The research carried out focused on students from the Faculty of Administration of the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla and their response to the educational challenges posed by the use of digital platforms to continue their classroom courses.   The methodology used was based on an experimental-qualitative analysis, with the support of the focus group technique, which allows us to understand the diverse perspectives, opinions and even feelings that was generate in the participants of this study , who have had  to migrate from education traditional  to a virtual one.   The results demonstrate multiple opportunity areas to improve learning management, through innovative techniques, but without neglecting the structural differences that exist between face-to-face and distance education.El presente artículo trata el tema de la gestión de las tecnologías de la educación en ambientes de aprendizaje virtuales. Ante un evento histórico, como lo es la pandemia del Covid-19, el sistema educativo se vio en la necesidad de migrar clases presenciales en educación a distancia.   Este hecho, que tomó por sorpresa a maestros y estudiantes, ha generado diversas áreas de oportunidad para mejorar las habilidades en el uso de las TIC tanto en estudiantes como en profesores. Es por ello que el objetivo de este artículo es: recomendar estrategias para gestionar adecuadamente el conocimiento ante la necesidad de migrar de clases presenciales a ambientes 100 por ciento en línea en el nivel superior, cuando existan situaciones de emergencia que impidan el aprendizaje tradicional, a través del diagnóstico de la experiencia vivida en la pandemia del Covid-19.   La investigación realizada se centró en estudiantes de la Facultad de Administración de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla y la respuesta de éstos ante los retos educativos que les representa el uso de plataformas digitales para dar continuidad a sus cursos presenciales.   La metodología utilizada se basó en un análisis experimental-cualitativo, con apoyo de la técnica de los grupos focales, para ahondar en las diversas perspectivas y opiniones de los sujetos de estudio que hicieron una migración obligatoria a una educación en línea.   Los resultados demuestran áreas de oportunidad para mejorar la gestión del aprendizaje en ambientes digitales

Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment?

The ability of aquatic organisms to sense the surrounding environment chemically and interpret such signals correctly is crucial for their ecological niche and survival. Although it is an oversimplification of the ecological interactions, we could consider that a significant part of the decisions taken by organisms are, to some extent, chemically driven. Accordingly, chemical contamination might interfere in the way organisms behave and interact with the environment. Just as any environmental factor, contamination can make a habitat less attractive or even unsuitable to accommodate life, conditioning to some degree the decision of organisms to stay in, or move from, an ecosystem. If we consider that contamination is not always spatially homogeneous and that many organisms can avoid it, the ability of contaminants to repel organisms should also be of concern. Thus, in this critical review, we have discussed the dual role of contamination: toxicity (disruption of the physiological and behavioral homeostasis) vs. repellency (contamination-driven changes in spatial distribution/habitat selection). The discussion is centered on methodologies (forced exposure against non-forced multi-compartmented exposure systems) and conceptual improvements (individual stress due to the toxic effects caused by a continuous exposure against contamination-driven spatial distribution). Finally, we propose an approach in which Stress and Landscape Ecology could be integrated with each other to improve our understanding of the threat contaminants represent to aquatic ecosystems.Versión del edito

Quantifying the impact of microbes on soil structural development and behaviour in wet soils

There is evidence that microbial populations play an important role in altering soil pore geometry, but a full understanding of how this affects subsequent soil behaviour and function is still unclear. In particular the role of microorganisms in soil structural evolution and its consequence for pore morphological development is lacking. Using a combination of bio-chemical measurements and X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) imaging, a temporal comparison of microscale soil structural development in contrasting soil environments was made. The aim was to quantify the effect of microbial activity in the absence of other features likely to cause soil deformation (e.g. earthworms, roots etc.) on soil structural development in wet soils, defined by changes in the soil porous architecture i.e. pore connectivity, pore shape and pore volume during a 24 week period. Three contrasting soil textures were examined and changes compared between field soil, sterilised soil and a glucose enhanced soil treatment. Our results indicate that soil biota can significantly alter their microhabitat by changing soil pore geometry and connectivity, primarily through localised gaseous release. This demonstrates the ability of microorganisms to modify soil structure, and may help reveal the scope by which the microbial-rich rhizosphere can locally influence water and nutrient delivery to plant roots

Perspectivas de la empresa y la economía mexicana frente a la reestructuración productiva

1 archivo PDF (404 páginas)Este texto se presenta una reflexión de investigadores de la UAM, así como de otras Instituciones de Educación Superior respecto al marco en el que se han desenvuelto las empresas mexicanas en los últimos años, así como del desarrollo en algunos de sus sistemas organizacionales. PALABRAS CLAVE: Mexico Economic policy 1970-1994

High-resolution synchrotron imaging shows that root hairs influence rhizosphere soil structure formation

In this paper, we provide direct evidence of the importance of root hairs on pore structure development at the root-soil interface during the early stage of crop establishment. This was achieved by use of high resolution (~5 μm) synchrotron radiation computed tomography (SRCT) to visualise both the structure of root hairs and the soil pore structure in plant-soil microcosms. Two contrasting genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), with and without root hairs, were grown for 8 days in microcosms packed with sandy loam soil at 1.2 g cm-3 36 dry bulk density. Root hairs were visualised within air filled pore spaces, but not in the fine-textured soil regions. - We found that the genotype with root hairs significantly altered the porosity and connectivity of the detectable pore space (> 5 μm) in the rhizosphere, as compared with the no-hair mutants. Both genotypes showed decreasing pore-space between 0.8 mm and 0.1 mm from the root surface. Interestingly the root-hair-bearing genotype had a significantly greater soil pore volume-fraction at the root-soil interface. - Effects of pore structure on diffusion and permeability were estimated to be functionally insignificant under saturated conditions when simulated using image based modelling

Mapping soil deformation around plant roots using in vivo 4D X-ray Computed Tomography and Digital Volume Correlation

The mechanical impedance of soils inhibits the growth of plant roots, often being the most significant physical limitation to root system development. Non-invasive imaging techniques have recently been used to investigate the development of root system architecture over time, but the relationship with soil deformation is usually neglected. Correlative mapping approaches parameterised using 2D and 3D image data have recently gained prominence for quantifying physical deformation in composite materials including fibre-reinforced polymers and trabecular bone. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) are computational techniques which use the inherent material texture of surfaces and volumes, captured using imaging techniques, to map full-field deformation components in samples during physical loading.Here we develop an experimental assay and methodology for four-dimensional, in vivo X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) and apply a Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) approach to the data to quantify deformation. The method is validated for a field-derived soil under conditions of uniaxial compression, and a calibration study is used to quantify thresholds of displacement and strain measurement. The validated and calibrated approach is then demonstrated for an in vivo test case in which an extending maize root in field-derived soil was imaged hourly using XCT over a growth period of 19 h. This allowed full-field soil deformation data and 3D root tip dynamics to be quantified in parallel for the first time.This method paves the way for comparative studies of contrasting soils and plant genotypes, improving our understanding of the fundamental mechanical processes which influence root system development

The Bacterial Community Structure and Microbial Activity in a Traditional Organic Milpa Farming System Under Different Soil Moisture Conditions

Agricultural practices affect the bacterial community structure, but how they determine the response of the bacterial community to drought, is still largely unknown. Conventional cultivated soil, i.e., inorganic fertilization, tillage, crop residue removal and maize (Zea mays L.) monoculture, and traditional organic farmed soil “milpa,” i.e., minimum tillage, rotation of maize, pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and organic fertilization were sampled. Both soils from the central highlands of Mexico were characterized and incubated aerobically at 5% field capacity (5%FC) and 100% field capacity (FC) for 45 days, while the C and N mineralization, enzyme activity and the bacterial community structure were monitored. After applying the different agricultural practices 3 years, the organic C content was 1.8-times larger in the milpa than in the conventional cultivated soil, the microbial biomass C 1.3-times, and C and N mineralization 2.0-times (mean for soil incubated at 5%FC and FC). The dehydrogenase, activity was significantly higher in the conventional cultivated soil than in the milpa soil when incubated at 5%FC, but not when incubated at FC. The relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes was larger in the conventional cultivated soil than in the milpa soil in soil both at 5%FC and FC, while that of Bacteroidetes showed an opposite trend. The relative abundance of other groups, such as Nitrospirae and Proteobacteria, was affected by cultivation technique, but controlled by soil water content. The relative abundance of other groups, e.g., FBP, Gemmatimonadetes and Proteobacteria, was affected by water content, but the effect depended on agricultural practice. For soil incubated at FC, the xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism related functions were higher in the milpa soil than in the conventional cultivated soil, and carbohydrate metabolism showed an opposite trend. It was found that agricultural practices and soil water content had a strong effect on soil characteristics, C and N mineralization, enzyme activity, and the bacterial community structure and its functionality. Decreases or increases in the relative abundance of bacterial groups when the soil water content decreased, i.e., from FC to 5%FC, was defined often by the cultivation technique, and the larger organic matter content in the milpa soil did not prevent large changes in the bacterial community structure when the soil was dried

Rates and Predictors of Treatment Failure in Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Joint Infections According to Different Management Strategies: A Multinational Cohort Study—The ARTHR-IS Study Group

Introduction: Guidelines have improved the management of prosthetic joint infections (PJI). However, it is necessary to reassess the incidence and risk factors for treatment failure (TF) of Staphylococcus aureus PJI (SA-PJI) including functional loss, which has so far been neglected as an outcome. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of SA-PJI was performed in 19 European hospitals between 2014 and 2016. The outcome variable was TF, including related mortality, clinical failure and functional loss both after the initial surgical procedure and after all procedures at 18 months. Predictors of TF were identified by logistic regression. Landmark analysis was used to avoid immortal time bias with rifampicin when debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) was performed. Results: One hundred twenty cases of SA-PJI were included. TF rates after the first and all surgical procedures performed were 32.8% and 24.2%, respectively. After all procedures, functional loss was 6.0% for DAIR and 17.2% for prosthesis removal. Variables independently associated with TF for the first procedure were Charlson >= 2, haemoglobin 30 kg/m(2) and delay of DAIR, while rifampicin use was protective. For all procedures, the variables associated with TF were haemoglobin < 10 g/dL, hip fracture and additional joint surgery not related to persistent infection. Conclusions: TF remains common in SA-PJI. Functional loss accounted for a substantial proportion of treatment failures, particularly after prosthesis removal. Use of rifampicin after DAIR was associated with a protective effect. Among the risk factors identified, anaemia and obesity have not frequently been reported in previous studies. [GRAPHICS]

Role of IP-10 to Predict Clinical Progression and Response to IL-6 Blockade With Sarilumab in Early COVID-19 Pneumonia. A Subanalysis of the SARICOR Clinical Trial

© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected][Background] The Clinical Trial of Sarilumab in Adults With COVID-19 (SARICOR) showed that patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6 might benefit from blockade of the IL-6 pathway. However, the benefit from this intervention might not be uniform. In this subanalysis, we sought to determine if other immunoactivation markers, besides IL-6, could identify which subgroup of patients benefit most from this intervention.[Methods] The SARICOR trial was a phase II, open-label, multicenter, controlled trial (July 2020–March 2021) in which patients were randomized to receive usual care (UC; control group), UC plus a single dose of sarilumab 200 mg (sarilumab-200 group), or UC plus a single dose of sarilumab 400 mg (sarilumab-400 group). Patients who had baseline serum samples for cytokine determination (IL-8, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein–1, interferon-inducible protein [IP]-10) were included in this secondary analysis. Progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) according to cytokine levels and treatment received was evaluated.[Results] One hundred one (88%) of 115 patients enrolled in the SARICOR trial had serum samples (control group: n = 33; sarilumab-200: n = 33; sarilumab-400: n = 35). Among all evaluated biomarkers, IP-10 showed the strongest association with treatment outcome. Patients with IP-10 ≥2500 pg/mL treated with sarilumab-400 had a lower probability of progression (13%) compared with the control group (58%; hazard ratio, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.04–0.90; P = .04). Conversely, patients with IP-10 40 pg/mL. Importantly, IP-10 value <2500 pg/mL might discriminate those individuals who might not benefit from sarilumab therapy among those with high IL-6 levels.This work was supported by the Consejeria de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucia, Spain (COVID-19 Research Program, project code COVID-0013-2020). B.G.G. and J.T.C. are supported by General Sub-Directorate of Networks and Cooperative Research Centers, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016/0001, RD16/0016/0008)—co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, “A Way to Achieve Europe, Operational Program Smart Growth 2014–2020.” J.C.G. is supported by SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network) funded by the ISCIII-Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion through projects PT17/0017/0032 and PT20/0039. R.L.L., C.D.L.F., J.T.-C., and B.G.-G. are supported by the Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC) funded by ISCIII through projects CB21/13/00049 and CB21/13/00012.Peer reviewe