Produção de sementes de guandu.

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Mass spectrometry screening of Arabica coffee roasting: A non-target and non-volatile approach by EASI-MS and ESI-MS.

Coffee roasting needs precise control and innovative techniques that are economically viable to monitor and improve its consistency. In this study, mass spectrometry was used as a tool to screen chemical markers that appear on the surface of coffee beans (whole bean) along the roasting process. A non-target and non-volatile approach was used with an ambient technique (EASI) coupled to a single quadrupole mass analyzer to monitor roasting chemical changes in the coffee bean. Green (raw), soft, medium, dark and very dark roasted coffee beans showed a decrease in ions in the range of m/z 500–600, whereas an increase in abundance in the m/z 800–900 range was clearly observed in the most roasted coffees. A multivariate approach through PCA separated the different roasts in 70% of the variance using PC1 and PC2. The major ions in the range of m/z 500–600 were characterized by ESI-MS and also HPLC-fluorescence as the N-alkanoyltryptamides, surface constituents of coffee wax layer which are almost fully degraded in darker roasts. The ions in the range of m/z 800–900 were characterized as di-and triacylglicerols and its increase during the roasting process was systematically observed. For these classes of chemical markers of the roasting process, ESI-MS showed also the sodium and potassium adducts with good relative abundances

Genome-wide association study for femur-related traits in broilers.

Abstract: Due to the intense selection for heavier and faster growing broilers, metabolic disorders such as skeletal problems became a worldwide concern. Advances in genome-wide association study (GWAS) methodologies increased the possibility of elucidating the genetic architecture controlling bone integrity traits. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a GWAS to identify potential genetic markers and candidate genes associated with femur traits in a paternal broiler line developed by Embrapa. To this, three femur bone-related traits were evaluated in 1,433 chickens: dry matter (FDM), ash content (FAC) and breaking strength (FBS). Chickens were genotyped using the 600K Affymetrix® Axiom® HD panel. A total of 16 regions associated to FAC, being a significant SNP in the GGA19 (rs317696422) and 15 suggestive SNPs in the GGA1, GGA2, GGA3, GGA5, GGA8, GGA13, GGA19 and GGA24. For FDM, only one SNP (GGA1) was significantly associated and was located in the DSCAM gene. For the FBS, two suggestive regions (GGA12 and GGA15) were found and no QTLs were described for this trait in these regions. According to the results, new candidate genes and miRNAs related to ossification, such as TPVR2, gga-mir-146a and PCP4 were associated to important femur traits in the broiler line under study. Resumo:Devido à intensa seleção de frangos de corte mais pesados ​​e de crescimento mais rápido, distúrbios metabólicos, como problemas esqueléticos, tornaram-se uma preocupação mundial. Avanços em metodologias de estudo de associação genômica ampla (GWAS) aumentaram a possibilidade de elucidar a arquitetura genética controlando características de integridade óssea. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um GWAS para identificar potenciais marcadores genéticos e genes candidatos associados às características do fêmur em uma linhagem de frangos de corte paterna desenvolvida pela Embrapa. Para isso, três características relacionadas ao osso do fêmur foram avaliadas em 1.433 aves: matéria seca (FDM), teor de cinzas (FAC) e resistência à ruptura (FBS). As galinhas foram genotipadas usando o painel 600y Affymetrix® Axiom® HD. Um total de 16 regiões associadas ao FAC, sendo um significativo SNP no GGA19 (rs317696422) e 15 SNPs sugestivos no GGA1, GGA2, GGA3, GGA5, GGA8, GGA13, GGA19 e GGA24. Para FDM, apenas um SNP (GGA1) foi significativamente associado e foi localizado no gene DSCAM. Para o FBS, duas regiões sugestivas (GGA12 e GGA15) foram encontradas e não foram descritos QTLs para essa característica nessas regiões. De acordo com os resultados, novos genes candidatos e miRNAs relacionados à ossificação, como TPVR2, gga-mir-146a e PCP4, foram associados a importantes características do fêmur na linha de frangos em estudo

Exploring the genetic architecture of feed efficiency traits in chickens.

Abstract: Chicken feed efficiency (FE) traits are the most important economic traits in broiler production. Several studies evaluating genetic factors affecting food consumption in chickens are available. However, most of these studies identified genomic regions containing putative quantitative trait loci for each trait separately. It is still a challenge to find common gene networks related to these traits. Therefore, here, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to explore candidate genomic regions responsible for Feed Intake (FI), Body Weight Gain (BWG) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) traits and their gene networks. A total of 1430 broilers from an experimental population was genotyped with the high density Affymetrix 600K SNP array. A total of 119 associated SNPs located in 20 chromosomes were identified, where some of them were common in more than one FE trait. In addition, novel genomic regions were prospected considering the SNPs dominance effects and sex interaction, identifying putative candidate genes only when these effects were fit in the model. Relevant candidate genes such as ATRNL1, PIK3C2A, PTPRN2, SORCS3 and gga-mir-1759 were highlighted in this study helping to elucidate the genomic architecture of feed efficiency traits. These results provide new insights on the mechanisms underlying the consumption and utilization of food in chickens

Charge separation relative to the reaction plane in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}= 2.76 TeV

Measurements of charge dependent azimuthal correlations with the ALICE detector at the LHC are reported for Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ TeV. Two- and three-particle charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in the pseudo-rapidity range $|\eta| < 0.8$ are presented as a function of the collision centrality, particle separation in pseudo-rapidity, and transverse momentum. A clear signal compatible with a charge-dependent separation relative to the reaction plane is observed, which shows little or no collision energy dependence when compared to measurements at RHIC energies. This provides a new insight for understanding the nature of the charge dependent azimuthal correlations observed at RHIC and LHC energies.Comment: 12 pages, 3 captioned figures, authors from page 2 to 6, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/286

Multi-particle azimuthal correlations in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Measurements of multi-particle azimuthal correlations (cumulants) for charged particles in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions are presented. They help address the question of whether there is evidence for global, flow-like, azimuthal correlations in the p-Pb system. Comparisons are made to measurements from the larger Pb-Pb system, where such evidence is established. In particular, the second harmonic two-particle cumulants are found to decrease with multiplicity, characteristic of a dominance of few-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions. However, when a $|\Delta \eta|$ gap is placed to suppress such correlations, the two-particle cumulants begin to rise at high-multiplicity, indicating the presence of global azimuthal correlations. The Pb-Pb values are higher than the p-Pb values at similar multiplicities. In both systems, the second harmonic four-particle cumulants exhibit a transition from positive to negative values when the multiplicity increases. The negative values allow for a measurement of $v_{2}\{4\}$ to be made, which is found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions at similar multiplicities. The second harmonic six-particle cumulants are also found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions. In Pb-Pb collisions, we generally find $v_{2}\{4\} \simeq v_{2}\{6\}\neq 0$ which is indicative of a Bessel-Gaussian function for the $v_{2}$ distribution. For very high-multiplicity Pb-Pb collisions, we observe that the four- and six-particle cumulants become consistent with 0. Finally, third harmonic two-particle cumulants in p-Pb and Pb-Pb are measured. These are found to be similar for overlapping multiplicities, when a $|\Delta\eta| > 1.4$ gap is placed.Comment: 25 pages, 11 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 20, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/87

Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum range 0.7 $< p_{\rm{T}, assoc} < p_{\rm{T}, trig} <$ 5.0 GeV/$c$ is examined, to include correlations induced by jets originating from low momen\-tum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range $|\eta|<0.9$. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent fragmentation of multiple parton--parton scatterings, while the yield related to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton interactions even in the highest multiplicity p-Pb collisions. Further, the number scales in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation.Comment: 23 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 17, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/161