8 research outputs found
Use of soil microorganisms as a biotechnological strategy to enhance avocado (persea americana)-plant phosphate uptake and growth / uso de microorganismos del suelo como estrategia biotecnológica para mejorar la absorción de fósforo y el crecimiento
In recent years the area cultivated with avocado has increased significantly in Colombia and this trend is expected to continue in the coming years. However, most of the soils in the highlands of the Colombian Andean, that have been used to grow avocado, are strongly acidic and nutrient deficient, particularly phosphorus (P). To alleviate these problems, high rates of lime and P fertilizers are frequently applied, in many cases the applied dose are excessive. This increases production costs, produces plant nutrient imbalance in the plant, and increases the risk of polluting surface waters. A biotechnological alternative is the combined use of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) and arbuscular mycorhizal fungi (AMF). This work describes a series of experiments carried out to isolate, characterize, and evaluate the effectiveness of AMF and PSM in increasing plant growth and P uptake of avocado plants. The results indicate that the mycorrhizal association is an effective alternative that can easily be established in the crops; however, the excessive use of P fertilizer in these soils may limit the benefits of these fungi on avocado plants. Currently, effective PSM of avocado rhizosphere have not been detected. In some cases, these microorganisms are absent in the avocado rhizosphere and in other cases their low capacity to solubilize P discourage their use in the crop. / En los últimos años el área cultivada con aguacate en Colombia ha crecido notoriamente y se espera que esta tendencia continúe en los próximos años. Sin embargo, muchos de los suelos de la zona andina utilizados para su siembra exhiben fuerte acidez y niveles deficientes de varios nutrientes, particularmente fósforo (P). Para corregir este problema se hacen aplicaciones de cales y fertilizantes fosfóricos solubles, en mucho casos las dosis aplicadas son altas. Esto eleva innecesariamente los costos de producción, crea desbalance nutricional en la planta y genera riesgos de contaminación ambiental. Una alternativa biotecnológica es el uso de microorganismos solubilizadores de fosfato (PSM) y hongos formadores de micorriza-arbuscular (AMF). En este trabajo se describe el aislamiento, caracterización y evaluación de la efectividad de AMF y PSM para mejorar la absorción de P por las plantas de aguacate. La asociación micorrizal ha probado ser una alternativa factible de implementar; sin embargo, el excesivo uso de fertilizantes fosfóricos puede limitar los beneficios de estos hongos en las plantas de aguacate. Hasta ahora no se han detectado PSM efectivos en la rizosfera de aguacate. En algunos casos, estos microorganismos están ausentes en la rizosfera del aguacate, y en otras circunstancias la baja capacidad para solubilizar P desestimula su uso en el cultivo
Enfoques y metodologías sobre el hábitat: memorias de una experiencia pedagógica
Compilación de ensayos producto de los Cursos de Formación Avanzada del Oriente Antioqueño y Medellín, realizados por el Programa FORHUM en el segundo semestre de 1999. Algunos de los ensayos enfatizan sobre conocimientos consolidados en la experiencia de la intervención urbana; otros, proponen nuevas preguntas o sugieren diferentes enfoques para comprender y actuar en los asuntos más candentes de las sociedades locales y sus hábitats
Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 12
El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 12, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR), Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTAG), Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kleber Ramírez (UPTM), Mérida – Venezuela;
Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (C.A.B.B.O.P.P), Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE), Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia - Venezuela, Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CIN), Antioquia - Colombia.y diferentes grupos de investigación
del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso
Depresión en estudiantes universitarios y su asociación con el estrés académico
Introduction: The mental health of students
when entering university might be affected by
many factors, among which are academic situations
generating stress. They constitute a factor
which may be related to the presence of depression
among university students. For this reason
it is important to know the prevalence of this
condition and the possible relationship that may
have academic stressors on students.
Methods: We used a self-administered instrument
to all students enrolled in undergraduate
programs at the University CES which allowed
establishing the prevalence of depression and
Chi2 tendency to stress and depression. Statistical
analysis was performed using SPSS ®.
Results: The average age of students was 20.4
± 2.6; 68.7 % of the population is female. The
depression prevalence found was 47.2 % and
the relationship of this with the severity of the
stress of academic stressors were statistically
significant.
Conclusion: The results establish a diagnosis of
possible factors affecting the mental health of
the student population. This will enable to target
intervention programs to reduce stress levels
and hence the frequency of depression generated
by the different situations of college life.Introducción: La salud mental de los estudiantes cuando ingresan a la universidad puede verse afectada por múltiples factores, entre los cuales se encuentran las situaciones académicas generadoras de estrés. Éstas constituyen un factor que puede estar relacionado con la presencia de depresión en los estudiantes universitarios. Es por ello que resulta importante conocer la prevalencia de esta entidad y la posible relación que pueda tener con los estresores académicos en los estudiantes.
Métodos: Se aplicó un instrumento auto-administrado a todos los estudiantes matriculados en los programas de pregrado de la Universidad CES que permitió establecer la prevalencia de depresión y el Chi2 de tendencia para ver el comportamiento de la relación entre el nivel de estrés y la depresión. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS®.
Resultados: La edad promedio de los estudiantes fue de 20,4 ± 2,6 años. El 68,7 % de la población es de género
femenino. La prevalencia para depresión encontrada fue del 47,2 % y la relación de ésta con la severidad del
estrés generado por los estresores académicos fue estadísticamente significativa.
Conclusión: Los resultados establecen un diagnóstico de posibles factores que afectan la salud mental de la
población estudiantil. Con ello se podrán orientar programas de intervención dirigidos a disminuir los niveles
de estrés y por ende la frecuencia de depresión, generados por las diferentes situaciones de la vida universitaria
Gasificación de carbones colombianos en lecho fluidizado
IP 1118-06-192-95gasificacion de carbon / Alonso Ocampo O., Jaime Aguirre C. yCarlos Londoño G. -- En: Carbon : factor de;desarrollo integral siglo XXI. Memorias / Congreso Nacional yInternacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia del;Carbon. (4 y 2 : 1998 mayo 19-22 : Paipa (Boyaca) Colombia. --[s.l. : s.n.], 1998. -- p. -- Balance de masa y;energia de un gasificador basado en equilibrio quimico / E. Arenas ... [etal.]. -- En: Carbon : factor de;desarrollo integral siglo XXI. Memorias / Congreso Nacional yInternacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia del;Carbon. (4 y 2 : 1998 mayo 19-22 : Paipa (Boyaca) Colombia. --[s.l. : s.n.], 1998. -- p. -- Effect of;pyrolysis conditions on the CO2 catalytic gasification ofchar/A. Molina... [et al.]. -- En: Proceedings /;International Conference on Coal Science (9 : 1997 Sept. 7-12:Essen, Germany). -- Essen : [s.n.], 1997. --;p. -- ARTICULO(S) EN REVISTA: Reactivity of coal gasificationwith steam and CO2 / Alejandro Molina and Fanor;Mondragon. -- En: Fuel. -- Vol. 77, no. 15 (1998); p. 1831-1839.-- ISSN 00162361 -- CO2 strong chemisorption;as an estimate of coal char gasification reactivity / AlejandroMolina, Alejandro Montoya, Fanor Mondragon.; En: Fuel. -- Vol. 78 (1999); p. 971-977. -- ISSN 001623-61-Prediccionde los principales productos de la;gasificacion del carbon / Erika Arenas Castiblanco ... [etal.].'-- en: energia y computacion. -- Vol. 8, no.;1 (ene.-jun. 1999); p. 62-66. -- ISSN 01215299.;and Alejandro Molina. -- En: Prospects for coal science in21stcentury ed. Pekin (Beijing) : Shanxi Science &;Technology Press, 1999. -- p. -- PONENCIA(S) EN CONGRESO:Actividad catalitica de hierro y niquel en la;gasificacion con CO2 de semicoques de Amaga y Titiribi / A. Montoya ... [et al.]. -- En: Carbon : factor de;desarrollo integral siglo XXI. Memorias / Congreso Nacional yInternacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia del;Carbon. (4 y 2 : 1998 mayo 19-22 : Paipa (Boyaca) Colombia. --[s.l. : s.n.], 1998. -- p. -- Efecto de las;condiciones de pirolisis en la gasificacion de CO2 de semicoquescon K como catalizador / A. Molina, F.;Mondragon. -- En: Carbon : factor de desarrollo integral sigloXXI. Memorias / Congreso Nacional y;Internacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia del Carbon. (4 y 2 :1998mayo 19-22: Paipa (Boyaca) Colombia. -- [s.l.;: s.n.], 1998. -- p. -- Utilizacion de la quimisorcion deCO2,en el estudio de la reactividad de semicoques;durante la gasificacion con CO2 / A. Molina, F. Mondragon.--En: Carbon :factor de desarrollo integral siglo;XXI. Memorias / Congreso Nacional y Internacional de Ciencia yTecnologiadel Carbon. (4 y 2 : 1998 mayo 19-22;: Paipa (Boyaca) Colombia. -- [s.l. : s.n.], 1998. -- p. -'- Simulacion y diseño de una planta piloto de;CAPITULO(S) EN LIBRO: Evolution of pore structure and surfacearea duringgasification of coal char with CO2;and H2O / Alejandro Montoya, Elizabeth Florez and Fanor Mondragon. -- En:Prospects for coal science in 21st;century ed. Pekin (Beijing) : Shanxi Science & TechnologyPress,1999. --p. -- CO2 chemisorption on chars;loaded with K, Fe and Ni and its relation to CO2 gasificationreactivity /Fanor Mondragon, Alejandro Montoy
Caracterización y obtención de cepas mejoradas de hongos entomopatógenos.
IP 2251-12-330-95Incluye también Etapa 3.aislamientos de Beauveria bassiana de una coleccion de hongosentomopatogenos de Cenicafe / Beatriz Elena;Valdes Duque, Patricia Eugenia Velez Arango. -- En: Revista colombiana deentomologia. -- vol. 24, no. 1-2;(ene.-jun. 1998); p.61-66. -- ISSN 01200488 -- Analisis delavariabilidadgenetica del hongo entomopatogeno;Beauveria bassiana con marcadores RAPD / Ana Milena ValderramaF., Marco Aurelio Cristancho A., Bernardo;Chaves C. -- En: Revista colombiana de entomologia. -- vol. 26,no. 1-2 (ene.-jun. 2001); p. 25-29. -- ISSN;01200488 -- Estandarizacion de una metodologia para obtener cultivos monoesporicos del hongo Beauveria;bassiana / Maria Nancy Estrada V., Patricia E. Velez A., JuanCarlos LopezN. -- En: Cenicafe : revista del;Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Cafe. -- vol. 48, no. 1(ene.-mar. 1997); p. 59-65. -- ISSN 01200488 --;detection of Beauvericin from the entomopathogenic fungus: Beauveria bassiana / J.W.V. Arboleda, F.B. Deldago;and A.J. Valencia. -- En: International Colloquium on Invertebrate Pathology and Microbial Control (ICIPMC),;Annual Meeting of the SIP, International Conference on BacillusThuringiensis (ICBt). (8, 25, 6 : 2002 Aug.;18-23) -- ARTICULO(S) EN REVISTA: Actividad enzimatica dehongosy su patogenicidad sobre Hypothenemus hampei;/ Fernando Delgado Blandon, Yamel Lopez Forero, Elsa MariaGiraldo Cardozo. -- En: Revista manejo integrado de;plagas. -- No. 60 (2001); p. 43-49 -- Actividad lipoliticay proteoliticade Beauveria bassiana y Metarhizium;anisopliae y su relacion con la patogenicidad sobre Hypothenemushampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) / Elsa Maria;Giraldo Cardozo ... [et al.]. -- En: Revista colombiana deentomologia. --vol. 27, no. 1-2 (ene.-jun. 2001);p. 61-65. -- ISSN 01200488 -- Caracterizacion de aislamientosdeBeauveriabassiana y Metarhizium anisopliae;de la coleccion de Cenicafe / Patricia E. Velez A... [et al.].-'- en: Revista colombiana de entomologia. --;vol. 25, no. 3-4 (jul.-dic. 1999); p. 191-207. -- ISSN 012488'-- Caracterizacion bioquimica cualitativa de;Colombiana de Entomologia, Socolen (28 : 2001 ago. 8-10 :Pereira, Colombia) -- [s.l. : s.n.], 2001 -- p. ; 28;cm. -- Avances en el estudio de la toxina beauvericina producidapor el hongo Beauveria bassiana patogenico a;Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) / JorgeWilliam Arboleda V., Fernando Delgado B. -- En:;Congreso de la Sociedad Colombiana de Entomologia, Socolen(28:2001 ago.8-10 : Pereira, Colombia) -- [s.l.;: s.n.], 2001 -- p. ; 28 cm. -- Biologia de Phymastichus coffeaLasalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae);endoparasitoide de la broca del cafe, en tres altitudes diferentes de la zonacafetera colombiana / Fernando;Cantor R. ... [et al.]. -- En: Congreso de la Sociedad Colombiana de Entomologia, Socolen (28 : 2001 ago. 8-10;: Pereira, Colombia) -- [s.l. : s.n.], 2001 -- p. ; 28 cm.--Produccion de anticuerpos policlonales para;deteccion de Beauvericina del hongo entomopatogeno Beauverianabassiana /Jorge W. Arboleda V., Fernando;Delgado B., Arnubio Valencia J. -- En: Congreso de la SociedadColombianade Entomologia, Socolen. (29 : 2002;jul. 18-19 : Monteria, Colombia) -- [s.l. : s.n.], 2002 --p.;28 cm. --Polyclonal antibodies productions to;Caracterizacion de cultivos monoesporicos del hongo Beauveriabassiana / Maria Nancy Estrada Valencia,;Patricia Eugenia Velez Arango, Esther Cecilia Montoya Restrepo.'-- en: Cenicafe : revista del Centro Nacional;de Investigaciones de Cafe. -- vol. 48, no. 4 (oct.-dic. 1997);p. 217-224. -- ISSN 01200275 -- Esporulacion,;germinacion y patogenicidad de aislamientos monoesporicosde Beauveria bassiana / Maria Nancy Estrada Velez;... [et al.]. -- Cenicafe : revista del Centro Nacional deInvestigacionesde Cafe. -- vol. 50, no. 1;(ene.-mar. 1999); p. 5-23. -- ISSN 01200275 -- Caracterizacionenzimaticay patogenicidad de aislamientos de;Beauveria bassiana sobre la broca del cafe / Beatriz ElenaValdes D., Patricia Eugenia Velez Arango, Esther;Cecilia Montoya Restrepo. -- Cenicafe : revista del CentroNacional de Investigaciones de Cafe. -- vol. 50,;no. 2 (abr.-jun. 1999); p. 106-118. -- ISSN 01200275 -- Evaluacion en campo de un aislamiento de Beauveria;bassiana seleccionado por resistencia a la luz ultravioleta /Sandra Patricia Tobar H., Patricia Eugenia Velez;Arango, Esther Cecilia Montoya Restrepo. -- En: Revista del Centro Internacional de Investigacion de Cafe. --;01200275.;PONENCIA(S) EN CONGRESO: Transformacion de Beauveria bassianacon la proteina verde fluorescente y proteasas;de Metarhizium anisopliae / Carmenza E. Gongora B. -- En:Congreso de la Sociedad Colombiana de Entomologia,;Socolen (28 : 2001 ago. 8-10 : Pereira, Colombia) -- [s.l.: s.n.], 2001 -- p. ; 28 cm. -- Taller con;caficultores experimentadores para evaluar Beauveria bassianaenel control de Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari);(Coleoptera: Scolytidae) / Francisco Javier Posada Florez...[et al.]. --En: Congreso de la Socieda
Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.Peer reviewe
Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
Abstract
Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.Publisher’s Note
A first version of this text was prepared by the first eight authors and the last one, given here. The other listed co-authors in the article PDF support the content, and their actual contributions varied from only support to additions that substantially improved the content. The full details of all co-authors, with their affiliations, are included in Supplementary Table 1 after p.175 of the article for reasons of clarity and space.
Slavomír Adamčík Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
Teuvo Ahti Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
M. Catherine Aime Purdue University, 915 W. State St., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, U.S.A.
A. Martyn Ainsworth Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom
László Albert Hungarian Mycological Society, 1087 Könyves Kálmán krt. 40, Budapest, Hungary
Edgardo Albertó Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de San Martin-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Alberto Altés García Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
Dmitry Ageev SIGNATEC Ltd., 630090, Novosibirsk, Akademgorodok (Novosibirsk Scientific Center), Inzhenernaya str., 22, Russia
Reinhard Agerer Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 München, Germany
Begona Aguirre-Hudson Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom
Joe Ammirati University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1800, U.S.A.
Harry Andersson Eichhahnweg 29a, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany
Claudio Angelini Jardín Botánico Nacional Dr. Rafael Ma. Moscoso, Apartado 21-9, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Vladimír Antonín Moravian Museum, Zeny trh 6, 659 37 Brno, Czech Republic
Takayuki Aoki Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
André Aptroot ABL Herbarium, G.v.d.Veenstraat 107, 3762 XK Soest, The Netherlands
Didier Argaud 40 rue du Justemont, 57290 Fameck, France
Blanca Imelda Arguello Sosa Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
Arne Aronsen Torødveien 54, 3135 Torød, Norway
Ulf Arup Biological Museum, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
Bita Asgari Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
Boris Assyov Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Violeta Atienza Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr Moliner 50, 46100, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
Ditte Bandini Panoramastr 47, 69257 Wiesenbach, Germany
João Luís Baptista-Ferreira Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
Hans-Otto Baral Blaihofstr. 42, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
Tim Baroni The State University of New York, 340 Bowers Hall, P.O. Box 2000, Cortland, New York 13045, U.S.A.
Robert Weingart Barreto Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Henry Beker (1) Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom; (2) Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium
Ann Bell 45 Gurney Road, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
Jean-Michel Bellanger CEFE UMR5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cédex 5, France
Francesco Bellù Naturmusem of Bolzano, CP 104, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
Martin Bemmann Kleingemünderstraße 111, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
Mika Bendiksby NTNU, University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
Egil Bendiksen Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
Katriina Bendiksen Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
Lajos Benedek Szent Istvan University, Hungary
Anna Bérešová-Guttová Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
Franz Berger University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
Reinhard Berndt Herbaria Z+ZT, ETH Zürich, CHN D37, Universitätstr. 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
Annarosa Bernicchia Via A. Guidotti 39, 40134 Bologna, Italy
Alona Yu. Biketova Institute of Biochemistry, BRC-HAS, 6726 Szeged, Temesvari krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
Enrico Bizio Società Veneziana di Micologia, Società Veneziana di Scienze Naturali, Fontego dei Turchi, Santa Croce 1730, 30135 Venice, Italy
Curtis Bjork UBC Herbarium, Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia, Canada
Teun Boekhout (1) Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands; (2) Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
David Boertmann Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Tanja Böhning AG Geobotanik Schleswig-Holstein & Hamburg, c/o University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 75, 24098 Kiel, Germany
Florent Boittin Ascomycete.org, 36 rue de la Garde, 69005 Lyon, France
Carlos G. Boluda Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, 1292 Genève, Switzerland
Menno W. Boomsluiter T.v.Lohuizenstraat 34, 8172xl, Vaassen, The Netherlands
Jan Borovička Institute of Geology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 269, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
Tor Erik Brandrud Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
Uwe Braun Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik, und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle, Germany
Irwin Brodo Canadian Museum of Nature, 240 McLeod Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Tatiana Bulyonkova A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 6 Acad. Lavrentjev pr., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
Harold H. Burdsall Jr. Fungal & Decay Diagnostics, LLC, 9350 Union Valley Road, Black Earth, Wisconsin 53515, U.S.A.
Bart Buyck Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, ISYEB, UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, 12 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
Ana Rosa Burgaz Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Vicent Calatayud Fundación CEAM, c/ Charles R. Darwin, 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
Philippe Callac INRA, MycSA, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
Emanuele Campo Associazione Micologica Bresadola, Via Alessandro Volta 46, 38123 Trento, Italy
Massimo Candusso Via Ottone Primo 90, 17021, Alassio, Savona, Italy
Brigitte Capoen Queffioec, rue de Saint Gonval, 22710 Penvenan, France
Joaquim Carbó Roser, 60, 17257 Torroella de Montgrí, Girona, Spain
Matteo Carbone Via Don Luigi Sturzo 173 16148 Genova, Italy
Rafael F. Castañeda-Ruiz Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura, Tropical ‘Alejandro de Humboldt’, OSDE, Grupo Agrícola, Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana 17200, Cuba
Michael A. Castellano USDA, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, U.S.A.
Jie Chen Mae Fah Luang University, Chang Wat Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
Philippe Clerc Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, 1292 Genève, Switzerland
Giovanni Consiglio Via C. Ronzani 61, 40033 Casalecchio Bologna, Italy
Gilles Corriol National Botanical Conservatory for Pyrenees and Midi-Pyrénées Region of France and BBF Herbarium, Vallon de Salut. B.P. 315. 65203 Bagnères-de-Bigorre, France
Régis Courtecuisse Université Lille, Fac. Pharma. Lille, EA4483 IMPECS, 59000 Lille, France
Ana Crespo Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Cathy Cripps Plant Sciences & Plant Pathology, 119 Plant Biosciences Building, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, U.S.A.
Pedro W. Crous Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Gladstone Alves da Silva Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Avenida da Engenharia, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Meiriele da Silva Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Marjo Dam Hooischelf 13, 6581 SL Malden, The Netherlands
Nico Dam Hooischelf 13, 6581 SL Malden, The Netherlands
Frank Dämmrich The Bavarian Natural History Collections (SNSB Munich), Menzinger Strasse 71, 80638, München, Germany
Kanad Das Botanical Survey of India, Cryptogamic Unit, P.O. Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, W.B., India
Linda Davies Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
Eske De Crop Ghent University K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Andre De Kesel Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium
Ruben De Lange Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
Bárbara De Madrignac Bonzi Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Universidad Nacional de Nordeste-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Sargento Cabral 2131, CC 209, Corrientes Capital, Argentina
Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz University of Santo Tomas, Espana 1008 Manila, Philippines
Lynn Delgat Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
Vincent Demoulin Institut de Botanique, B.22, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège I, Belgium
Dennis E. Desjardin HD Thiers Herbarium (SFSU), San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, California 94132, U.S.A.
Paul Diederich Musée national d’histoire naturelle, 25 rue Münster, 2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
Bálint Dima (1) Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (2) Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Maria Martha Dios Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Av Belgrano 300, 4700 San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
Pradeep Kumar Divakar Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Clovis Douanla-Meli Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for National and International Plant Health, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
Brian Douglas Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom
Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler-Santos Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina CEP 88040-900, Brazil
Paul S. Dyer School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
Ursula Eberhardt Abt. Botanik, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
Damien Ertz Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium
Fernando Esteve-Raventós Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
Javier Angel Etayo Salazar Navarro Villoslada 16, 3º dcha., 31003 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
Vera Evenson Sam Mitchel Herbarium of Fungi, Denver Botanic Gardens, 1007 York Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, U.S.A.
Guillaume Eyssartier Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Jardin des plantes, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
Edit Farkas Institute of Ecology and Botany, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
Alain Favre Fédération Mycologique et Botanique Dauphiné Savoie, Le Prieuré, 144 Place de l’Eglise, 74320 Sevrier, France
Anna G. Fedosova Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Prof. Popov Street, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
Mario Filippa Regione Monsarinero 36, 14041 Agliano Terme, Italy
Péter Finy 8000 Székesfehérvár, Zsombolyai u. 56, Hungary
Adam Flakus W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Krakow, Poland
Simón Fos Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr Moliner 50, 46100, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
Jacques Fournier Las Muros, F. 09420 Rimont, France
André Fraiture Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium
Paolo Franchi Associazione Micologica Bresadola, Via Alessandro Volta 46, 38123 Trento, Italy
Ana Esperanza Franco Molano Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226, Fundación Biodiversa Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
Gernot Friebes Centre of Natural History, Botany & Mycology, Universalmuseum Joanneum, Weinzöttlstraße 16, 8045 Graz, Austria
Andreas Frisch NTNU, University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
Alan Fryday Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, U.S.A.
Giuliana Furci The Fungi Foundation, Paseo Bulnes 79 of. 112A, Santiago, Chile
Ricardo Galán Márquez Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
Matteo Garbelotto University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114 Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A.
Joaquina Maria Garcia-Martin Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain
Mónica A. García Otálora Herbaria Z+ZT, ETH Zürich, CHN D37, Universitätstr. 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
Dania García Sánchez Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
Alain Gardiennet 14 rue Roulette, 21260 Véronnes, France
Sigisfredo Garnica Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Isla Teja Campus, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
Isaac Garrido Benavent Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain
Genevieve Gates Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
Alice da Cruz Lima Gerlach Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la ville de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 15815-3538, Tehran 15819, Iran
Tatiana B. Gibertoni Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Avenida da Engenharia, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Tine Grebenc Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 100 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Irmgard Greilhuber University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
Bella Grishkan Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Aba Khoushi Ave. 199, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
Johannes Z. Groenewald Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Martin Grube Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Holteiasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
Gérald Gruhn Office National des Forêts, 2 Avenue de Saint-Mandé, 75570 Paris Cedex 12, France
Cécile Gueidan CSIRO — Australian National Herbarium, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
Gro Gulden Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
Luis FP Gusmão Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Bairro Novo Horizonte, CEP:44036-900, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
Josef Hafellner Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Holteiasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
Michel Hairaud 2 Impasse des Marronniers, 79360 Poivendre de Marigny, France
Marek Halama Museum of Natural History, Wrocław University, ul. H. Sienkiewicza 5, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland
Nils Hallenberg University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden
Roy E. Halling Institute of Systematic Botany, New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd, Bronx, New York 10458-5126, U.S.A.
Karen Hansen Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
Christoffer Bugge Harder Texas Tech University, Box 42122, Lubbock, Texas 79409, U.S.A.
Jacob Heilmann-Clausen Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 København, Denmark
Stip Helleman Sweelinck 78, 5831KT Boxmeer, The Netherlands
Alain Henriot Mycological Society of France, 20 rue Rottembourg, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France
Margarita Hernandez-Restrepo Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Raphaël Herve 24 rue des Fougères, 86550 Mignaloux-Beauvoir, France
Caroline Hobart 84 Stafford Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S2 2SF, United Kingdom
Mascha Hoffmeister Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
Klaus Høiland University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
Jan Holec National Museum, Herbarium PRM, Cirkusová 1740, 193 00 Praha 9, Czech Republic
Håkon Holien Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, NORD University, P.O. Box 2501, 7729 Steinkjer, Norway
Karen Hughes University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, U.S.A.
Vit Hubka Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic
Seppo Huhtinen Herbarium TUR, Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
Boris Ivančević Natural History Museum, Njegoševa 51, P.O. Box 401, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Marian Jagers Reelaan 13, 7522 LR Enschede, The Netherlands
Walter Jaklitsch Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology and Forest Protection, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
AnnaElise Jansen Stationsstraat 10, 6701 AM Wageningen, the Netherlands
Ruvishika S. Jayawardena Mae Fah Luang University, Chang Wat Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
Thomas Stjernegaard Jeppesen Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
Mikael Jeppson Lilla Håjumsgatan 4, 46135 Trollhättan, Sweden
Peter Johnston Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1072, New Zealand
Per Magnus Jørgensen University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway
Ingvar Kärnefelt Biological Museum, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
Liudmila B. Kalinina Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Prof. Popov Street, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
Gintaras Kantvilas Tasmanian Herbarium (HO), Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, P.O. Box 5058, UTAS LP.O., Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005, Australia
Mitko Karadelev Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Arhimedova 5, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Taiga Kasuya Faculty of Risk and Crisis Management, Chiba Institute of Science, 3 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan
Ivona Kautmanová Natural History Museum, Slovak National Museum, Bratislava, Slovakia
Richard W. Kerrigan RWK Research, Kittanning, Pennsylvania 16201, U.S.A.
Martin Kirchmair Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Anna Kiyashko Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Prof. Popov Street, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
Dániel G. Knapp Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
Henning Knudsen Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 København, Denmark
Kerry Knudsen Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Life Sciences at Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Tommy Knutsson Nedra Västerstad 111, 380 62 Mörbylånga, Sweden
Miroslav Kolařík Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
Urmas Kõljalg Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, 40 Lai Street, Tartu 51005, Estonia
Alica Košuthová Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
Attila Koszka Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvar University, 7400 Kaposvar, Hungary
Heikki Kotiranta Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 140, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
Vera Kotkova Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Prof. Popov Street, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
Ondřej Koukol Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Praha 2,