Observance of the Lord's Supper in Pentecostal Churches

Diplomová práce s názvem Slavení večeře Páně v letničních církvích má za cíl představit slavení večeře Páně v Apoštolské církvi, včetně jejích pastoračních aspektů. Součástí je i přiblížení diskuze k tomuto tématu. První část práce představuje aspekty letničního hnutí, především pak zástupce klasického letničního hnutí v ČR, Apoštolskou církev, v kontextu jejího historicko-teologického vývoje. Druhá část práce doplňuje některé historické momenty památky večeře Páně v tomto kontextu. Uvedená probíhající diskuze pak přibližuje vnímání obřadu večeře Páně v letničním prostředí, zejména pak v Apoštolské církvi. Třetí část odhaluje samotnou praxi večeře Páně ve sborech Apoštolské církve. Vychází ze základních dokumentů církve a dotazníkového průzkumu. Poslední část pojednává o pastoračních aspektech večeře Páně. Pracuje s údaji z dotazníkového průzkumu, dále z příběhů ze života a konečně z vybraných kázání vztahujících se k památce večeře Páně.This thesis, entitled "Observance of the Lord's Supper in Pentecostal Churches" attempts to introduce the observance of the Lord's Supper in the Apostolic Church, including its pastoral aspects. Included in this is an outlined discussion on the same theme. The first part of the work introduces characteristics of the Pentecostal Movement in general, and then its representative in the Czech Republic, the Apostolic Church, in the context of its historical- theological development. The second part adds some historical moments of the remembrance of the Lord's Supper in this context. The subsequent discussion then more closely examines the understanding of the ceremony of the Lord's Supper in the Pentecostal environment, especially within the Apostolic Church. The third part discloses the specific practice of the Lord's Supper in the churches of the Apostolic Church. This comes from foundational documents of the Church and survey-based research. The final part discusses the pastoral aspects of the Lord's Supper, working from information attained from the surveys, life experiences and finally from selected sermons related to the remembrance of the Lord's Supper.Katedra praktické teologieDepartment of Practical TheologyEvangelická teologická fakultaProtestant Theological Facult

Atmospheric impacts and regulation framework of shipping emissions:achievements, challenges and frontiers

Currently, over 80% of the international trade volume is carried by sea. Marked by persistent growth, evident atmospheric impacts, intricate mitigation challenges, international shipping has been recognized as one of the most “hard-to-abate” sectors gathering increasing attention from both academic community and governmental sectors in recent years. Against the backdrop of the ambitious climate and clean air objectives, the quantitative shipping emission characterization, impact assessment and policy effectiveness research are not only fundamental to understand the status quo and ramifications of shipping emissions but also beneficial for future emission regulations. Here, we summarized the achievements in shipping emission modelling and impact research in the past two decades, and identified the challenges lying in the transition pathway towards a clean and carbon-neutral shipping. To address the pressing demand for this, we proposed an innovative framework which aims to facilitate emission abatement. Finally, promising directions for future work were delineated, including the indirect effects of shipping emitted aerosols on the climate, the emissions and impacts of novel contaminants, synergies and conflicts among different emission reduction measures, projections on future shipping emission inventories, Arctic shipping emissions, etc

The impact of nitrogen and sulfur emissions from shipping on the exceedance of critical loads in the Baltic Sea region

The emissions of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) species to the atmosphere from shipping significantly contribute to S and N deposition near the coast and to acidification and/or eutrophication of soils and freshwater. In the countries around the Baltic Sea, the shipping volume and its relative importance as a source of emissions are expected to increase if no efficient regulations are implemented. To assess the extent of environmental damage due to ship emissions for the Baltic Sea area, the exceedance of critical loads (CLs) for N and S has been calculated for the years 2012 and 2040. The paper evaluates the effects of several future scenarios, including the implementation of NECA and SECA (Nitrogen And Sulfur Emission Control Areas). The implementation of NECA and SECA caused a significant decrease in the exceedance of CLs for N as a nutrient while the impact on the – already much lower – exceedance of CLs for acidification was less pronounced. The relative contribution from Baltic shipping to the total deposition decreased from 2012 in the 2040 scenario for both S and N. In contrast to exceedances of CLs for acidification, shipping still has an impact on exceedances for eutrophication in 2040. Geographically, the impact of shipping emissions is unevenly distributed even within each country. This is illustrated by calculating CL exceedances for 21 Swedish counties. The impact, on a national level, is driven by a few coastal counties, where the impact of shipping is much higher than the national summary suggests

8000 years of North Atlantic storminess reconstructed from a Scottish peat record: implications for Holocene atmospheric circulation patterns in Western Europe

North Atlantic storminess can affect human settlements, infrastructure and transport links, all of which strongly impact local, national and global economies. An increase in storm frequency and intensity is predicted over the North-East Atlantic in the 21st century because of a northward shift in storm tracks and a persistently positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), driven by recent atmospheric warming. Although documentary records of North Atlantic storminess exist, these are generally limited to the last c. 1000 years. This paper presents a continuous high-resolution proxy record of storminess spanning the last 8000 years from a 6 m-long core taken from a peat bog in northern Scotland. Bromine concentrations in the peat, derived from sea spray, are used to reconstruct storm frequency and storm intensity, and mire surface wetness is used as an indicator of longer-term climate shifts. The results suggest a relationship between positive phases of the NAO and increased North Atlantic storminess. However, subtle differences between bromine concentrations and mire surface wetness suggest that high-intensity but perhaps less frequent periods of storminess are not necessarily associated with a wetter climate

Perspectives on shipping emissions and their impacts on the surface ocean and lower atmosphere: An environmental-social-economic dimension

Shipping is the cornerstone of international trade and thus a critical economic sector. However, ships predominantly use fossil fuels for propulsion and electricity generation, which emit greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, and air pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds. The availability of Automatic Information System (AIS) data has helped to improve the emission inventories of air pollutants from ship stacks. Recent laboratory, shipborne, satellite and modeling studies provided convincing evidence that ship-emitted air pollutants have significant impacts on atmospheric chemistry, clouds, and ocean biogeochemistry. The need to improve air quality to protect human health and to mitigate climate change has driven a series of regulations at international, national, and local levels, leading to rapid energy and technology transitions. This resulted in major changes in air emissions from shipping with implications on their environmental impacts, but observational studies remain limited. Growth in shipping in polar areas is expected to have distinct impacts on these pristine and sensitive environments. The transition to more sustainable shipping is also expected to cause further changes in fuels and technologies, and thus in air emissions. However, major uncertainties remain on how future shipping emissions may affect atmospheric composition, clouds, climate, and ocean biogeochemistry, under the rapidly changing policy (e.g., targeting decarbonization), socioeconomic, and climate contexts

Perspectives on shipping emissions and their impacts on the surface ocean and lower atmosphere: An environmental-social-economic dimension

Shipping is the cornerstone of international trade and thus a critical economic sector. However, ships predominantly use fossil fuels for propulsion and electricity generation, which emit greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, and air pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds. The availability of Automatic Information System (AIS) data has helped to improve the emission inventories of air pollutants from ship stacks. Recent laboratory, shipborne, satellite and modeling studies provided convincing evidence that ship-emitted air pollutants have significant impacts on atmospheric chemistry, clouds, and ocean biogeochemistry. The need to improve air quality to protect human health and to mitigate climate change has driven a series of regulations at international, national, and local levels, leading to rapid energy and technology transitions. This resulted in major changes in air emissions from shipping with implications on their environmental impacts, but observational studies remain limited. Growth in shipping in polar areas is expected to have distinct impacts on these pristine and sensitive environments. The transition to more sustainable shipping is also expected to cause further changes in fuels and technologies, and thus in air emissions. However, major uncertainties remain on how future shipping emissions may affect atmospheric composition, clouds, climate, and ocean biogeochemistry, under the rapidly changing policy (e.g., targeting decarbonization), socioeconomic, and climate contexts

Anthropogenic contributions to global carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide and organosulfides fluxes

Previous studies of the global sulfur cycle have focused almost exclusively on oxidized species and just a few sulfides. This focus is expanded here to include a wider range of reduced sulfur compounds. Inorganic sulfides tend to be bound into sediments, and sulfates are present both in sediments and the oceans. Sulfur can adopt polymeric forms that include S-S bonds. This review examines the global anthropogenic sources of reduced sulfur, updating emission inventories and widening the consideration of industrial sources. It estimates the anthropogenic fluxes of key sulfides to the atmosphere (units Gg S a-1) as: carbonyl sulfide (total 591: mainly from pulp and pigment 171, atmospheric oxidation of carbon disulfide 162, biofuel and coal combustion, 133, natural 898 Gg S a-1), carbon disulfide (total 746: rayon 395, pigment 205, pulp 78, natural 330 Gg S a-1), methanethiol (total 2119: pulp 1680, manure 330, rayon and wastewater 102, natural 6473 Gg S a-1), dimethyl sulfide (total 2197: pulp 1462, manure 660 and rayon 36, natural 31 657 Gg S a-1), dimethyl disulfide (total 1103: manure 660, pulp 273; natural 1081 Gg S a-1). The study compares the magnitude of the natural sources: marine, vegetation and soils, volcanoes and rain water with the key anthropogenic sources: paper industry, rayon-cellulose manufacture, agriculture and pigment production. Industrial sources could be reduced by better pollution control, so their impact may lessen over time. Anthropogenic emissions dominate the global budget of carbon disulfide, and some aromatic compounds such as thiophene, with emissions of methanethiol and dimethyl disufide also relatively important. Furthermore, industries related to coal and bitumen are key sources of multi-ringed thiophenes, while food production and various wastes may account for the release of significant amounts of dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide

GC-MS analyses and chemometric processing to discriminate the local and long-distance sources of PAHs associated to atmospheric PM2.5

Purpose . This study presents a procedure to differentiate the local and remote sources of particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Methods. Data were collected during an extended PM2.5 sampling campaign (2009–2010) carried out for 1 year in Venice-Mestre, Italy, at three stations with different emissive scenarios: urban, industrial, and semirural background. Diagnostic ratios and factor analysis were initially applied to point out the most probable sources. In a second step, the areal distribution of the identified sources was studied by applying the discriminant analysis on factor scores. Third, samples collected in days with similar atmospheric circulation patterns were grouped using a cluster analysis on wind data. Local contributions to PM2.5 and PAHs were then assessed by interpreting cluster results with chemical data. Results. Results evidenced that significantly lower levels of PM2.5 and PAHs were found when faster winds changed air masses, whereas in presence of scarce ventilation, locally emitted pollutants were trapped and concentrations increased. This way, an estimation of pollutant loads due to local sources can be derived from data collected in days with similar wind patterns. Long-range contributions were detected by a cluster analysis on the air mass back-trajectories. Results revealed that PM2.5 concentrations were relatively high when air masses had passed over the Po Valley. However, external sources do not significantly contribute to the PAHs load. Conclusions. The proposed procedure can be applied to other environments with minor modifications, and the obtained information can be useful to design local and national air pollution control strategies

Czech novel at the time of the »friends of freedom«

Studie Český román v čase »kamarádů svobody« je věnována prvnímu období tvorby Fráni Šrámka a Jiřího Mahena ( 1905–1914). Oba autoři, pohybující se v prostředí anarchistické bohémy, vzbudili pozornost výrazně lyrickým stylem svých dramatických pokusů i raných próz. Jejich první rozsáhlejší práce, Šrámkovy romány Stříbrný vítr (1910) a Křižovatky (1914), a Mahenovi Kamarádi svobody (1909) představují novou variantu románu ztracených iluzí. Generace debutující na počátku 20. století tento románový typ, který do českém literárního kontextu uvedli v 90. létech příslušníci generace moderny (Mrštík, Svobodová, Svoboda, Sova), spojila s uvolňováním pevné kompozice a s výraznou lyrizací textu, směřující k zachycení citového rozpoložení a smyslového prožitku literárních postav.The study Český román v čase »kamarádů svobody« (Czech novel in the times of ´friends of friedom´) is devoted to the first period of writings of Fráňa Šrámek and Jiří Mahen (1905–1924). Both authors who belonged to the anarchistic bohemian goup roused interest by the expressively lyrical style of both their playwright and early prosaic works. Their first larger works, Šrámek´s novels Stříbrný vítr (Silver wind, 1910) and Křižovatky (Crossroads, 1914) and Mahen´s Kamarádi svobody (Friends of freedom,1909), represent a new variant of the novels of lost illusions. This type of novel was introduced to the Czech literary context during 90ths by the generation of “moderna” (Mrštík, Svobodová, Svoboda, Sova). The generation that debuted at the beginning of the 20th century connected this literary type with the easing of fixed composition and with aiming on capturing emotional state and sensual experience of the literary characters

Czech novel at the time of the »friends of freedom«

The study Český román v čase »kamarádů svobody« (Czech novel in the times of ´friends of friedom´) is devoted to the first period of writings of Fráňa Šrámek and Jiří Mahen (1905-1924). Both authors who belonged to the anarchistic bohemian goup roused interest by the expressively lyrical style of both their playwright and early prosaic works. Their first larger works, Šrámek´s novels Stříbrný vítr (Silver wind, 1910) and Křižovatky (Crossroads, 1914) and Mahen´s Kamarádi svobody (Friends of freedom,1909), represent a new variant of the novels of lost illusions. This type of novel was introduced to the Czech literary context during 90ths by the generation of „moderna” (Mrštík, Svobodová, Svoboda, Sova). The generation that debuted at the beginning of the 20th century connected this literary type with the easing of fixed composition and with aiming on capturing emotional state and sensual experience of the literary characters