Angiogenesis and current approaches to deal with its misregulation in related diseases

Abstract: Angiogenesis, which is the formation of blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, normally supply nutrition and oxygen to cells and tissues. In medicine point of view, regulation of angiogenesis is disrupted in many diseases such as cancers, psoriasis, age related macular degeneration, diabetes, proliferative retinopathies and rheumatoid arthritis. How to suppress, control and regulate the angiogenesis have been very challenging tasks in order to provide better and more effective treatments for related patients. With this regard, anti-angiogenic therapy has been considered as a potential approach to do so. However, anti-angiogenic agents are not completely safe and present side effects. Therefore, many attentions have been paid to understand more about molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in angiogenesis in order to prevent many life-threating side effects of anti-angiogenic agents. It may lead to discovering more desirable drugs to tackle angiogenesis. This review aims to give an overview about what angiogenesis is as well as present the most important factors involved in angiogenesis. It also attempts to describe current approaches and challenges in controlling angiogenesis

Angiogenesis and current approaches to deal with its misregulation in related diseases

Abstract: Angiogenesis, which is the formation of blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, normally supply nutrition and oxygen to cells and tissues. In medicine point of view, regulation of angiogenesis is disrupted in many diseases such as cancers, psoriasis, age related macular degeneration, diabetes, proliferative retinopathies and rheumatoid arthritis. How to suppress, control and regulate the angiogenesis have been very challenging tasks in order to provide better and more effective treatments for related patients. With this regard, anti-angiogenic therapy has been considered as a potential approach to do so. However, anti-angiogenic agents are not completely safe and present side effects. Therefore, many attentions have been paid to understand more about molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in angiogenesis in order to prevent many life-threating side effects of anti-angiogenic agents. It may lead to discovering more desirable drugs to tackle angiogenesis. This review aims to give an overview about what angiogenesis is as well as present the most important factors involved in angiogenesis. It also attempts to describe current approaches and challenges in controlling angiogenesis

Flavonoid genistein protects bone marrow sinusoidal blood vessels from damage by methotrexate therapy in rats

Cancer chemotherapy can cause significant damage to the bone marrow (BM) microvascular (sinusoidal) system. Investigations must now address whether and how BM sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) can be protected during chemotherapy. Herein we examined the potential protective effects of genistein, a soy-derived flavonoid, against BM sinusoidal damage caused by treatment with methotrexate (MTX). The groups of young adult rats were gavaged daily with genistein (20 mg/kg) or placebo. After 1 week, rats also received daily injections of MTX (0.75 mg/kg) or saline for 5 days and were killed after a further 4 days. Histological analyses showed that BM sinusoids were markedly dilated ( p < 0.001) in the MTX-alone group but were unaffected or less dilated in the genistein+MTX group. In control rats, genistein significantly enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; p < 0.01), particularly in osteoblasts, and angiogenesis marker CD31 ( p < 0.001) in bone. In MTX-treated rats, genistein suppressed MTX-induced apoptosis of BM SECs ( p < 0.001 vs MTX alone group) and tended to increase expression of CD31 and VEGF ( p < 0.05). Our in vitro studies showed that genistein in certain concentrations protected cultured SECs from MTX cytotoxic effects. Genistein enhanced tube formation of cultured SECs, which is associated with its ability to induce expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and production of nitric oxide. These data suggest that genistein can protect BM sinusoids during MTX therapy, which is associated, at least partially, with its indirect effect of promoting VEGF expression in osteoblasts and its direct effect of enhancing nitric oxide production in SECs

Release of CXCL12 from apoptotic skeletal cells contributes to bone growth defects following dexamethasone therapy in rats

Abstract not availableQian Tang, Yu-Wen Su, Chia-Ming Fan, Rosa Chung, Mohammadhossein Hassanshahi, Yaser Peymanfar, and Cory J Xia