The Benefits of Port Liberalization: A Case Study from India

In contrast to the rest of India, where it is the government that predominantly owns and manages ports, the Indian state of Gujarat has implemented various forms of port liberalization since the 1990s. This has helped it become the country's fastest growing state. Gujarat's economy has grown at an average of 10.14 percent per year from fiscal year 2001 to fiscal year 2006, the last five years for which data are available. This is comparable with China's average growth rate since 1978, and is distinctly faster than the growth of the other Asian tigers in the 15 years before the Asian financial crisis of 1997. Gujarat has broken new ground with different forms of privatization, ranging from private provision of port services to completely private ownership of new ports. The process started in the 1980s and gathered momentum rapidly after the central government in New Delhi enacted major economic reforms in the early 1990s. Gujarat has taken advantage of a constitutional loophole to convert its minor ports into some of the biggest ports in the country, vastly improved the availability and efficiency of port infrastructure, and facilitated the development of industrial centers that otherwise would not have existed. Gujarat's port liberalization, along with its status as one of the economically freest states in India, should serve as a model for the rest of India and other developing countries, which can also benefit from the dynamic gains of port privatization

Novel piezo actuators for surface cleaning

Optical cameras are becoming increasingly common and are used in a variety of applications. With recent progress and transition toward more autonomous systems, the usage of optical systems will be common and widespread. Applications of the optical systems range from autonomous vehicles, home security systems, aviation, extraterrestrial vehicles, spacecraft, and satellites. Imaging systems are used in decision-making in many of these applications. Fouling of the field of view of the imaging system can impede the decision process. An active autonomous cleaning method for the optical surface of the optical systems reliably would be advantageous. The research work focuses on developing a novel piezo actuator that would keep a guard lens on an optical system clean of fouling contaminants using structural harmonic modes. Emphasis is given to camera systems in this work, with the view that the work can be easily expanded to other optical systems based on techniques developed here. The concept developed is to use ultrasonic vibrations and take advantage of the guard lens\u27 structural harmonic modes to remove the contaminants. A process for design, optimization, and prototyping of the systems is presented. The prototype’s efficacy is tested with various fluid and solid contaminants. Analytical models are developed in conjunction with this work to help understanding effects of eccentric load acting on circular plate --Abstract, page iii

Structural analysis of microsatellites

Satellite design, development, fabrication, testing and entry into service is a complex process. Each step of this process involves intricate steps to achieve the desired objective. This thesis summarizes a study relating to the area of development and testing of microsatellites to support qualification and eventually preparing a spacecraft for spaceflight. Students in the Space Systems Engineering laboratory (SSE Lab) in the Aerospace Engineering Program are in the process of developing a pair of microsatellites for a technology demonstration in space. After the initial design of the spacecraft is completed in the design phase a significant amount of time is spent on gaining confidence in the design. Various mathematical models are developed to represent the system and to verify its functionality. In the case of the primary structure of microsatellite a finite element model (FEM) is used to predict the behavior of the satellite structure and to verify strength requirements of design before its fabrication. Finite element model its application and results obtained form the majority of this thesis after which concentration is given to the testing phase of the microsatellite. After gaining confidence in the design and fabrication of the components it is important to validate the structure by subjecting it to structural testing. Structural testing is the only means to gain confidence in the design and certifying it for spaceflight. The results obtained from testing show how closely mathematical model (FEM) represents the physical system and provides an important learning experience for the satellite team and to help better understand and improve the design of the next generation of satellites on campus --Abstract, page iii

Correlation between central corneal thickness measurements using two uifferent ultrasonic pachymeters

Purpose: To assess correlation between central corneal thickness measurements using two different ultrasonic pachymeters. Material and Methods: This prospective study involved normal subjects aged 16 to 45 years. Central corneal thickness was measured in 47 eyes by two ultrasonic pachymeters – Tomey SP – 100 and Sonomed 300 AP. Correlations between CCT measurements assessed by the two pachymeters were tested by Pearson correlation. Results: Forty seven eyes were included in the study. The mean (± SD) age of the subjects was 27.79 years (± 6.88).The mean (± SD) Tomey Pachymeter CCT was 536.45 m (34.37) and the mean (SD) Sonomed CCT was 540.64 m (33.48).CCT measurements by the two modalities were very strongly correlated (r = 0.98; P \u3c0.0001). Conclusions: In healthy individuals, Tomey pachymeter measurements of corneal thickness were highly correlated with those obtained using Sonomed pachymeter, and hence the two may be used interchangeably

A critical edition of the unedited portion of the "Dadestan-i Dinik".

An attempt is made, in this work, to edit the unedited portion (Pursish 41-92) of Dd., according to the strict scientific principles, as evolved in the classical European Studies. In Chapter I, a general idea of the whereabouts of almost all the known MSS. of Dd. is given. Chapter II, deals with a detailed description of five important MSS. (D, K, R, M and T) used for the edition of the text; their peculiarities, their individual mistakes, their importance etc. are also stated in the same chapter. In Chapter III the relationship of these MSS. is discussed, and it has been shown that the Iranian MSS. (K and T) and the Indian MSS. (D, M and R) are respectively derived from the two independent sub-archetypes and N. Chapter IV gives us an idea of the arrangement of the text. My principal guide for this work of edition has been the admirable study by Paul Maas, Textkritik, (Bd. 3 Leipzig, 1957). It should be noted that individual mistakes of a MS. or MSS. are discarded by the editor. In order to demonstrate the new procedure, a double apparatus has been given for the first three Parsish: first an apparatus in the "traditional" style, comprising each and every deviation, and thereafter a correct apparatus with variants (properly understood) only. The photostat copies of the two more folios (255-256) of K, and the Colophons of B and R with their transcriptions and translations are given at the end of the text

Improved hematopoiesis in anemic Sl/Sld mice by splenectomy and therapeutic transplantation of a hematopoietic microenvironment

The ability of a clonal hematopoiesis-supportive bone-marrow stromal cell line GBlneor to engraft and alter the microenvironment-induced anemia of Sl/Sld mice was studied. Prior to stromal cell transplantation, Sl/Sld mice received 1 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) and 13 Gy to the right hind limb. Two months after intravenous (IV) injection of 5 x 10(5) GBlneor cells, 54.4% +/- 17.0% donor origin (G418r) colony-forming cells were recovered from the right hind limb of Sl/Sld mice. Long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMCs) established from GBlneor-transplanted mice produced 189.5 CFU-GEMM-forming progenitors/flask over 10 weeks compared with 52.7 +/- 6.2 CFU-GEMM forming progenitors/flask from irradiated nontransplanted Sl/Sld mice. A partial correction of macrocytic anemia was detected 2 months after GBlneor transplantation in splenectomized, irradiated Sl/Sld mice (HgB 7.2 +/- 0.4 g/dL; MCV 68.3 +/- 7.0 fL) compared to splenectomized, irradiated, nontransplanted Sl/Sld mice (HgB 5.5 +/- 1.1 g/dL; MCV 76 +/- 8.5 fL) or control Sl/Sld mice (HgB 5.4 +/- 0.5 g/dL; MCV 82.4 +/- 1.3 fL). Mean RBC volume distribution analysis showed a 2.5-fold increase in percentage of peripheral blood RBCs with MCV less than or equal to 45 fL and confirmed reduction of the MCV in splenectomized-GBlneor-transplanted mice compared to control Sl/Sld mice. A hematopoiesis-suppressive clonal stromal cell line derived from LTBMCs of Sl/Sld mice (Sldneor) engrafted as effectively (43.5% +/- 1.2% G418r CFU-F/limb) as did GBlneor cells (38.3% +/- 0.16% G418r CFU-F/limb) to the irradiated right hind limbs of C57Bl/6 mice. LTBMCs established after 2 or 6 months from Sldneor-transplanted mice showed decreased hematopoiesis (182 +/- 12 [2 months] and 3494.3 +/- 408.1 [6 months] CFU-GEMM forming progenitors/flask over 10 weeks) compared to those established from GBlneor-transplanted mice (5980 +/- 530 [2 months] and 7728 +/- 607, [6 months] CFU-GEMM progenitors forming/flask). Thus, transplantation of clonal bone-marrow stromal cell lines in vivo can stably transfer their physiologic properties to normal or mutant mice

Monotheism the Zoroastrian Way

This article examines seemingly monotheistic, polytheistic and dualistic features of Zoroastrianism from the point of view of the Zoroastrian creation myth. Exploring the personality of the principal deity, Ahura Mazdā, the origin of the spiritual and material worlds and the worship of the Yazatas, it is argued that Zoroastrianism has its own particular form of monotheism

Keeping stem cells under control: New insights into the mechanisms that limit niche‐stem cell signaling within the reproductive system

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134185/1/mrd22682.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134185/2/mrd22682_am.pd