Overview and future challenges of nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) design in Southern Europe

In times of great transition of the European construction sector to energy efficient and nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB), a market observation containing qualitative and quantitative indications should help to fill out some of the current gaps concerning the EU 2020 carbon targets. Next to the economic challenges, there are equally important factors that hinder renovating the existing residential building stock and adding newly constructed high performance buildings. Under these circumstances this paper summarises the findings of a cross-comparative study of the societal and technical barriers of nZEB implementation in 7 Southern European countries. The study analyses the present situation and provides an overview on future prospects for nZEB in Southern Europe. The result presents an overview of challenges and provides recommendations based on available empirical evidence to further lower those barriers in the European construction sector. The paper finds that the most Southern European countries are poorly prepared for nZEB implementation and especially to the challenge opportunity of retrofitting existing buildings. Creating a common approach to further develop nZEB targets, concepts and definitions in synergy with the climatic, societal and technical state of progress in Southern Europe is essential. The paper provides recommendations for actions to shift the identified gaps into opportunities for future development of climate adaptive high performance buildings. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Los beneficios del CRM móvil para la empresa desde la perspectiva del marketing relacional y el modelo TOE

Firms that achieve to establish reciprocal and successful relationships with their clients can obtain greater profitability in their relationship marketing inversions. This study adopts the TOE model to consider technological factors (technological competence), organizational factors (innovativeness and employee support) and environment factors (customer information management) to define the perceived benefits deriving from mobile CRM. The empirical study was performed with information obtained from 125 firms and analyzed with structural equation modeling. Results suggest that the firm perceives benefits from the m-CRM use if it is technologically competitive, shows propensity to innovativeness, manages customers’ information and has employees’ support. The main contribution is the simultaneous use of the TOE model and the relationship marketing approach to understand, from the Spanish firm perspective, the perception of the management of the relationship with customers through the mobile phone.Las empresas que logran establecer relaciones recíprocas y exitosas con sus clientes pueden obtener mayor rentabilidad de sus inversiones en marketing relacional. Este estudio aplica el modelo TOE para contemplar factores del contexto tecnológico (competencia tecnológica), organizacional (propensión a la innovación y apoyo de los empleados) y del entorno empresarial (gestión de la información de los clientes) para determinar la percepción de los beneficios de la gestión de las relaciones con los clientes a través del móvil (m-CRM). El estudio empírico fue realizado con información proporcionada por directivos de 125 empresas españolas, y fue analizado mediante ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados sugieren que la empresa percibe beneficios del uso de m-CRM siempre que se considere tecnológicamente competitivo, tienda a la innovación tecnológica, gestione la información de los clientes, y cuente con el apoyo de los empleados. La principal contribución de este estudio es la aplicación conjunta del modelo TOE y el enfoque del marketing relacional para entender, desde la perspectiva de la empresa española, la percepción de los beneficios de la gestión de las relaciones con los clientes a través del teléfono móvilMinistry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain) for its support of this research through the project ECO2014-53060-