Neue Versorgungsmodelle in der Psychosebehandlung

Zusammenfassung: In einem modernen psychiatrischen Versorgungssystem gilt die Empfehlung: ambulant vor teilstationär vor stationär. Die komplexen Behandlungserfordernisse einer gemeindenahen Betreuung für chronisch und schwerer psychisch Erkrankter sowie die Beteiligung verschiedener Sozialleistungsträger an der Finanzierung führen jedoch zu einer problematischen Versorgungsfragmentierung. Die Schizophrenie ist die teuerste psychiatrische Erkrankung in Deutschland. Die indirekten Kosten (in Geldwert umgerechnete Folgen der Schizophrenie) werden bis zu 5-mal höher als die direkten Behandlungskosten geschätzt. Von den verschiedenen neueren Versorgungskonzepten hat sich bisher vor allem das Konzept der aufsuchenden gemeindepsychiatrischen Teams bewährt. Dieser Ansatz führt zu einer Reduktion der Wiederaufnahmerate und der Verweildauer im Krankenhaus, zu einer besseren sozialen Integration und größerer Patientenzufriedenheit. Es gibt keine empirische Evidenz für eine "Psychiatrie ohne Betten". Eine bedenkenswerte Alternative zu einer stationären Behandlung kann jedoch für eine Teilgruppe die Behandlung in einem akuttagesklinischen Setting, in Krisenhäusern oder die Krisenversorgung im häuslichen Umfeld sei

Undesigning sound: AdriftPM’s Portable Soundscapes

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.In July 2015, Adrift Performance Makers developed the project Portable Soundscapes: An Acoustic Travelogue, travelling down from Portsmouth, UK, to Thessaloniki, Greece, through Paris, Munich, Zagreb, and Belgrade. Carrying pre-recorded Southsea sound clips in their luggage, they listened out for unexpected voicings, misplaced soundtracks, fleeting sonic passersby. The project was curated as a series of online responses to inadvertent encounters with unfamiliar sonic environments. AdriftPM developed DIY strategies of aural dramaturgy, such as sonic conflations, sonic invitations, impromptu compositions, short poetic responses, and dubious definitions of sound terminology. This project revealed sound design as the enabling condition of a theatre, as the very organizing principle of a performative dramaturgy of listening, therefore effecting a reversal of conventional understandings of theatre sound design, which presuppose theatre as the context and sound as the designed intervention. This article seeks to lend an attentive ear to such unspoken assumptions. What if the complexity of the project posits the listener as both the deviser of the audio project and the spectator of the ongoing process that is the project? What happens when both audience and performance are diffused across a variety of media? What practices of listening, designing and archiving are required when Europe is your stage

Using Vibrational Infrared Biomolecular Spectroscopy to Detect Heat-Induced Changes of Molecular Structure in Relation to Nutrient Availability of Prairie Whole Oat Grains on a Molecular Basis

BACKGROUND: To our knowledge, there is little study on the interaction between nutrient availability and molecular structure changes induced by different processing methods in dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of heat processing methods on interaction between nutrient availability and molecular structure in terms of functional groups that are related to protein and starch inherent structure of oat grains with two continued years and three replication of each year. METHOD: The oat grains were kept as raw (control) or heated in an air-draft oven (dry roasting: DO) at 120 °C for 60 min and under microwave irradiation (MIO) for 6 min. The molecular structure features were revealed by vibrational infrared molecular spectroscopy. RESULTS: The results showed that rumen degradability of dry matter, protein and starch was significantly lower (P <0.05) for MIO compared to control and DO treatments. A higher protein α-helix to β-sheet and a lower amide I to starch area ratio were observed for MIO compared to DO and/or raw treatment. A negative correlation (−0.99, P < 0.01) was observed between α-helix or amide I to starch area ratio and dry matter. A positive correlation (0.99, P < 0.01) was found between protein β-sheet and crude protein. CONCLUSION: The results reveal that oat grains are more sensitive to microwave irradiation than dry heating in terms of protein and starch molecular profile and nutrient availability in ruminants

Gender and Rapid Alterations of Hemispheric Dominance during Planning

Background: Mental planning and carrying out a plan provoke specific cerebral hemodynamic responses. Gender aspects of hemispheric laterality using rapid cerebral hemodynamics have not been reported. Method: Here, we applied functional transcranial Doppler sonography to examine lateralization of cerebral hemodynamics of the middle cerebral arteries of 28 subjects (14 women and 14 men) performing a standard planning task. There were easy and difficult problems, and mental planning without motor activity was separated from movement execution. Results: Difficult mental planning elicited lateralization to the right hemisphere after 2 or more seconds, a feature that was not observed during movement execution. In females, there was a dominance to the left hemisphere during movement execution. Optimized problem solving yielded an increased laterality change to the right during mental planning. Conclusions: Gender-related hemispheric dominance appears to be condition-dependent, and change of laterality to the right may play a role in optimized performance. Results are of relevance when considering laterality from a perspective of performance enhancement of higher cognitive functions, and also of psychiatric disorders with cognitive dysfunctions and abnormal lateralization patterns such as schizophrenia. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Base

The Impact of the Economic Crisis on Greek Consumer Behaviour towards Food Consumption

This study was focused on investigating the factors that affect consumers and their shopping attitudes in the turbulent economic period which characterizes the recent years. In particular, the main aim of this study was to investigate and contribute towards understanding consumer behavior and to explore the factors that affect consumers during their food shopping in adverse economic conditions. To address our research objective, the study is focused on identifying consumers’ current spending habits and investigating consumers’ food purchasing behavior. Data were obtained from an intercept survey conducted in a random selected sample consisting of 553 consumers between January and May 2016 in the Prefecture of Thessaloniki. In the data which were collected,initially, reliability and validation testing was performed with Factor Analysis (EFA) followed by a second checking ofvalidity with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using the statistical program LISREL 8.80. The results were used toformulate a conceptual model in order to investigate consumers’ behavior towards food. The empirical examination of this theoretical model was carried out by forming a model of structural equations. Results demonstrate that “objective resources” have been found to influence behavior both indirectly through the “attitudes” towards diet, but also directly. Income was found to affect the model directly and significantly. Also, consumption of food is affected by the number of adults in the household. At the same time, there is a rejection of the “quality” factor due to its higher price

Antibiotic use for upper respiratory tract infections in children: A cross-sectional survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of parents in Greece

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are common in children. The cause of URTIs is usually viral, but parents' attitudes often contribute to inappropriate prescription of antibiotics, promoting antibiotic resistance. The objective of this study was to document and analyse parental beliefs on antibiotic use for children with URTIs in Greece, a country with high levels of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A knowledge-attitude-practice questionnaire was developed and distributed to Greek parents caring for children who were 5-6 years old, between January and July of the same school year. The sample of the study contained parents from all geographic areas of Greece.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The majority of Greek parents (80%) believed that UTRIs are mostly self-limited, although 74% of them expected to receive antibiotics when such a diagnosis was given. Earache was the most common reason for which parents expected antibiotics (45%). Greek parents rarely gave antibiotics to their children without medical advice (10%) and most (88%) believed that unnecessary antibiotic use drives antibiotic resistance and they were happy to receive symptomatic therapy if instructed by their physician. Almost 70% of parents confused antibiotics with other medicines used for symptomatic therapy for a child with URTI.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Greek parents have a trusted relationship with their paediatrician and rarely give antibiotics without medical advice, indicating that parents contribute less than expected to antibiotic misuse. Parents also appreciate the benign course of most URTIs and the fact that unnecessary antibiotic use is harmful. More time needs to be invested in educating mostly physicians on the potential benefit from reducing antibiotic prescribing for children with URTI.</p