ZAPOŠLJAVANJE, OBUKA I OBRAZOVANJE U PODUZEĆU METAL SINT D.D. : Završni rad

Kako je prethodno ustanovljeno, ljudski resursi predstavljaju najrelevantniji resurs u svakom poduzeću, oni su ti koji ostvaruju uspjeh, čine poduzeće funkcionalnim te ostvarivanjem boljih poslovnih rezultata povećavaju konkurentnost na tržištu rada. Upravo je stoga ključno rasporediti „prave ljude na pravo mjesto“, što ukazuje na važnost procesa zapošljavanja, koji uključuje kako regrutaciju, tako i selekciju, te se nastavlja na proces obuke i obrazovanja. Poduzeće Metal Sint d.d. suočava se s problemom neusklađenosti postojećih i potrebnih stručnih kadrova, dakle ima manjak zaposlenika. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti trenutačno stanje u poduzeću, kao i mogućnosti zapošljavanja novih, stručnih kadrova te pronaći načine kako smanjiti tu disproporciju. Korištenjem različitih metoda rada, ustanovljeno je da poduzeće Metal Sint d.d. ima manjak zaposlenika te je nužno ulagati više sredstava u obuku i obrazovanje postojećih zaposlenika, ako već nisu u mogućnosti pribaviti nove, stručnije, kvalitetnije kadrove.As previously established, human resources represent the most relevant resource in each enterprise, they are those who achieve success, make the company functional and by achieving better business results, they increase the competitiveness at the labor market. It is therefore crucial to allocate „real people on right places“, which points to the importance of the recruitment process, which includes both recruitment and selection, and continues on the process of training and education. The company Metal Sint d.d. faces the problem of mismatch between the existing and the required professional staff and has the lack of employees. The aim of this paper was to investigate the current situation in the company, as well as the opportunities for recruiting new, professional staff and to find ways to reduce disproportion. By using different methods of work, it has been established that Metal Sint d.d. has a shortage of employees and it is necessary to invest more resources in the training and education of existing employees, if they are not already able to obtain new, more professional, better quality staff

Studies of soil-vegetation-atmosphere feedback processes with WRF on the convection permitting scale

Land system models which can incorporate land-atmosphere and human-environment interactions are vital for reliable climate projections in heterogeneous agricultural landscapes. At resolutions fine enough to resolve detailed land use, models need a sophisticated representation of planetary boundary layer (PBL) and land surface processes in order to predict changes in key quantities like precipitation or temperatures. Assessment of turbulence schemes and land surface models (LSM) is fundamental therefore not only to advance model development, but also to understand important phenomena like feedbacks within the soil-vegetation-atmosphere (SVA) continuum. Up until now however, a lack of appropriate observations has impeded any comprehensive assessments. Here, through comparisons with so far unique profile measurements, the study investigates the impact of using different PBL schemes and LSMs, and explores how SVA feedbacks are simulated by the model. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, a six member ensemble was run, at a convection permitting resolution, with varying combinations of LSMs (NOAH and NOAH-MP) and PBL schemes (two local and two non-local approaches). The analysis was performed for two case studies a dry and a convective weather situation in three different locations in Germany. During the dry case, key convective PBL (CBL) features were analysed, and the simulations were compared with high resolution water vapour differential absorption lidar measurements. For the convective case, the focus was on exploring the model representation of the pre-convective environment and the ensuing convection and precipitation. In both cases, the nature of the simulated SVA feedback processes was assessed through an innovative mixing diagram approach. Results show that the nonlocal PBL schemes produce a drier and higher CBL than the local schemes. These results are sensitive to parameters calculated in the surface layer schemes, which are themselves often paired with PBL schemes. Furthermore, the NOAH‑MP LSM produces drier atmospheric conditions than NOAH, with a difference in mixing ratio profiles ranging up to 1.4 gkg-1. These variations are more pronounced in the upper CBL than close to the ground. The mixing diagrams indicate that these deviations are mainly related to entrainment fluxes. In the dry case, NOAH-MPs dry air entrainment is up to 6 times higher than with NOAH, while in the convective case the difference is not as pronounced (up to 1.5 higher with NOAH-MP). This suggests that the difference in the simulation of the CBL between the two LSMs is strongly linked to the surface energy partitioning the higher the Bowen ratio, the greater the difference between the LSMs. Thus, WRF appears to be more sensitive to the choice of LSM at higher Bowen ratios. NOAH and NOAH-MP exhibit marked differences in representing atmospheric variables such as moisture. Those differences are not constrained to the lower atmosphere close to the land surface, but extended to the lower troposphere. The variations in free tropospheric moisture between the LSMs strongly affects the nature of the simulated convection, and associated precipitation. The degree of sensitivity of the spatial variability and amount of the precipitation with respect to the selection of LSM and PBL scheme shows a strong dependence on the analysed region. A distinct finding of this thesis is the greater sensitivity of WRF with respect to the PBL development to the selection of the LSM, than to the PBL scheme. Furthermore, the impact of this sensitivity is not constrained to the lower CBL, but extends up to the interfacial layer and the lower troposphere - for both dry and convective weather conditions. On the other hand, it is clear that the simulated coupling strength between the land surface and atmosphere is very sensitive to the surface Bowen ratio. The synergies between high resolution measurements and model simulations, with an advanced representation of the land surface processes, will facilitate not only further development of parameterization schemes, but also an improvement in our understanding of land-atmosphere interactions.Landsystemmodelle, die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Land und Atmosphäre sowie Mensch und Umwelt berücksichtigen können, sind für verlässliche Klimaprojektionen in heterogenen, landwirtschaftlich geprägte Regionen von großer Bedeutung. Bei einer Auflösung, die fein genug ist, um eine detaillierte Landnutzung zu berücksichtigen, benötigen Modelle eine differenzierte Darstellung der Prozesse in der planetaren Grenzschicht (PBL) und an der Landoberfläche, um Änderungen von Schlüsselkomponenten wie Niederschlag oder Temperatur vorhersagen zu können. Die Bewertung von Turbulenzparametrisierungen und Landoberflächenmodellen (LSM) ist wesentlich für die Weiterentwicklung von Modellen, aber auch für das Verständnis wichtiger Phänomene wie Rückkopplungen im Boden-Vegetation-Atmosphäre (SVA) Kontinuum. Aufgrund fehlender geeigneter Beobachtungen wurden bisher jedoch aussagekräftige Bewertungen erschwert. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird basierend auf bisher einzigartigen Profilmessungen der Einfluss der Verwendung unterschiedlicher PBL-Parameterisierungen und LSMen untersucht. Außerdem wird ermittelt, wie SVA-Rückkopplungen im Modell simuliert werden. Mit dem Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Modell wurde ein Ensemble von sechs Modelläufen bei konvektionserlaubender Auflösung mit unterschiedlichen Kombinationen von LSMen (NOAH und NOAH-MP) und PBL-Parametrisierungen (zwei lokale und zwei nicht-lokale Ansätze) verwirklicht. Die Analyse wurde für zwei Fallstudien einer trockenen und einer konvektiven Wetterlage für drei unterschiedliche Standorte in Deutschland durchgeführt. Für die trockene Fallstudie wurden Haupteigenschaften der konvektiven PBL (CBL) analysiert und Simulationen mit hochauflösenden Wasserdampf-Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) Messungen verglichen. Bei der konvektiven Fallstudie lag der Schwerpunkt auf der Untersuchung der Modelldarstellung des Umfelds vor dem Konvektionsereignis mit anschliessender Konvektion und folgendem Niederschlag. In beiden Fällen wurde das Verhalten der simulierten SVA-Rückkopplungsprozesse basierend auf einem innovativen Mischungsdiagramm-Ansatz beurteilt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die nicht-lokalen PBL-Parametrisierungen eine trockenere und höhere CBL erzeugen als die lokalen PBL-Parametrisierungen. Diese Ergebnisse sind abhängig von Parametern, die in den Prandtl-Schicht-Parametrisierungen berechnet werden und häufig selbst mit den PBL-Parametrisierungen verbunden sind. Desweiteren erzeugt das LSM NOAH-MP trockenere Bedingungen in der Atmosphäre als NOAH; der Unterschied beträgt bis zu 1.4 gkg-1 in den Profilen der Mischungsverhältnisse. In der oberen CBL sind diese Unterschiede stärker ausgeprägt als in Bodennähe. Die Mischungsdiagramme weisen darauf hin, dass diese Abweichungen hauptsächlich auf die Entrainment-Flüsse zurückzuführen sind. Bei der trockenen Fallstudie ist das Entrainment der trockenen Luft bei NOAH-MP bis zu 6 mal größer als mit NOAH, während bei der konvektiven Fallstudie der Unterschied schwächer ist (bis zu 1.5 mal höher mit NOAH-MP). Dieses Ergebnis legt nahe, dass der Unterschied der Simulation der CBL zwischen den beiden LSMen stark mit der Aufteilung der Energie an der Landoberfläche verbunden ist je höher das Bowen-Verhältnis, desto höher der Unterschied zwischen den LSMen. Demnach scheint WRF auf die Wahl der LSMe empfindlicher zu reagieren, wenn das Bowen-Verhältnis höher ist. NOAH und NOAH-MP wiesen in Bezug auf den Feuchtegehalt der freien Troposphäre deutliche Unterschiede auf, welche wiederum das Verhalten der simulierten Konvektion und des damit verbundenen Niederschlags stark beeinflussen. Wie sensitiv die räumliche Variabilität und der Niederschlag bezüglich des LSM und der PBL Parametrisierung sind, hängt deutlich von der Region ab. Ein deutliches Ergebnis dieser Arbeit ist die Erkenntnis, dass WRF bei der Grenzschichtentwicklung empfindlicher auf die Wahl des LSMs als auf die Wahl der PBL-Parametrisierung reagiert. Zudem ist der Einfluss dieser Sensitivität nicht auf die untere CBL beschränkt, sondern reicht hoch bis zur Inversionsschicht und der unteren Troposphäre sowohl für trockene als auch konvektive Wetterlagen. Andererseits zeigte sich, dass die simulierte Stärke der Kopplung zwischen Landoberfläche und Atmosphäre stark vom Bowen-Verhältnis abhängt. Diese Synergien von hochauflösenden Messungen und Modellsimulationen in Verbindung mit einer verbesserten Darstellung der Landoberflächenprozesse wird nicht nur weitere Parametrisierungsentwicklungen unterstützen, sondern auch unser Verständnis des Zusammenspiels zwischen Landoberfläche und Atmosphäre erweitern

ZAPOŠLJAVANJE, OBUKA I OBRAZOVANJE U PODUZEĆU METAL SINT D.D. : Završni rad

Kako je prethodno ustanovljeno, ljudski resursi predstavljaju najrelevantniji resurs u svakom poduzeću, oni su ti koji ostvaruju uspjeh, čine poduzeće funkcionalnim te ostvarivanjem boljih poslovnih rezultata povećavaju konkurentnost na tržištu rada. Upravo je stoga ključno rasporediti „prave ljude na pravo mjesto“, što ukazuje na važnost procesa zapošljavanja, koji uključuje kako regrutaciju, tako i selekciju, te se nastavlja na proces obuke i obrazovanja. Poduzeće Metal Sint d.d. suočava se s problemom neusklađenosti postojećih i potrebnih stručnih kadrova, dakle ima manjak zaposlenika. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti trenutačno stanje u poduzeću, kao i mogućnosti zapošljavanja novih, stručnih kadrova te pronaći načine kako smanjiti tu disproporciju. Korištenjem različitih metoda rada, ustanovljeno je da poduzeće Metal Sint d.d. ima manjak zaposlenika te je nužno ulagati više sredstava u obuku i obrazovanje postojećih zaposlenika, ako već nisu u mogućnosti pribaviti nove, stručnije, kvalitetnije kadrove.As previously established, human resources represent the most relevant resource in each enterprise, they are those who achieve success, make the company functional and by achieving better business results, they increase the competitiveness at the labor market. It is therefore crucial to allocate „real people on right places“, which points to the importance of the recruitment process, which includes both recruitment and selection, and continues on the process of training and education. The company Metal Sint d.d. faces the problem of mismatch between the existing and the required professional staff and has the lack of employees. The aim of this paper was to investigate the current situation in the company, as well as the opportunities for recruiting new, professional staff and to find ways to reduce disproportion. By using different methods of work, it has been established that Metal Sint d.d. has a shortage of employees and it is necessary to invest more resources in the training and education of existing employees, if they are not already able to obtain new, more professional, better quality staff

On the need of bias adjustment for more plausible climate change projections of extreme heat

ABSTRACT: The assessment of climate change impacts in regions with complex orography and land-sea interfaces poses a challenge related to shortcomings of global climate models. Furthermore, climate indices based on absolute thresholds are especially sensitive to systematic model biases. Here we assess the effect of bias adjustment (BA) on the projected changes in temperature extremes focusing on the number of annual days with maximum temperature above 35°C. To this aim, we use three BA methods of increasing complexity (from simple scaling to empirical quantile mapping) and present a global analysis of raw and BA CMIP5 projections under different global warming levels. The main conclusions are (1) BA amplifies the magnitude of the climate change signal (in some regions by a factor 2 or more) achieving a more plausible representation of future heat threshold-based indices; (2) simple BA methods provide similar results to more complex ones, thus supporting the use of simple and parsimonious BA methods in these studies.Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Grant/Award Numbers: MdM-2017-0765, PID2019-111481RB-I00; H2020-ERA4CS INDECIS Consejería de Universidades, Igualdad, Cultura y Deporte del Gobierno de Cantabri

Implementation of FAIR principles in the IPCC: the WGI AR6 Atlas repository

The Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has adopted the FAIR Guiding Principles. We present the Atlas chapter of Working Group I (WGI) as a test case. We describe the application of the FAIR principles in the Atlas, the challenges faced during its implementation, and those that remain for the future. We introduce the open source repository resulting from this process, including coding (e.g., annotated Jupyter notebooks), data provenance, and some aggregated datasets used in some figures in the Atlas chapter and its interactive companion (the Interactive Atlas), open to scrutiny by the scientific community and the general public. We describe the informal pilot review conducted on this repository to gather recommendations that led to significant improvements. Finally, a working example illustrates the re-use of the repository resources to produce customized regional information, extending the Interactive Atlas products and running the code interactively in a web browser using Jupyter notebooks.Peer reviewe

The worldwide C3S CORDEX grand ensemble: A major contribution to assess regional climate change in the IPCC AR6 Atlas

peer reviewedAbstract The collaboration between the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) and the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) provides open access to an unprecedented ensemble of Regional Climate Model (RCM) simulations, across the 14 CORDEX continental-scale domains, with global coverage. These simulations have been used as a new line of evidence to assess regional climate projections in the latest contribution of the Working Group I (WGI) to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), particularly in the regional chapters and the Atlas. Here, we present the work done in the framework of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) to assemble a consistent worldwide CORDEX grand ensemble, aligned with the deadlines and activities of IPCC AR6. This work addressed the uneven and heterogeneous availability of CORDEX ESGF data by supporting publication in CORDEX domains with few archived simulations and performing quality control. It also addressed the lack of comprehensive documentation by compiling information from all contributing regional models, allowing for an informed use of data. In addition to presenting the worldwide CORDEX dataset, we assess here its consistency for precipitation and temperature by comparing climate change signals in regions with overlapping CORDEX domains, obtaining overall coincident regional climate change signals. The C3S CORDEX dataset has been used for the assessment of regional climate change in the IPCC AR6 (and for the interactive Atlas) and is available through the Copernicus Climate Data Store (CDS)

UTJECAJ PANDEMIJE COVID-19 NA POTRAŽNJU ZA DOBROVOLJNIM ZDRAVSTVENIM OSIGURANJEM : Diplomski rad

Osnovni cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati utjecaj pandemije COVID-19 na potražnju za dobrovoljnim zdravstvenim osiguranjem u Republici Hrvatskoj. Rezultati analize podataka prikupljenih anketnim upitnikom na uzorku od 279 ispitanika, pokazali su da ne postoji povezanost između potreba za korištenjem zdravstvenih usluga tijekom pandemije i potražnje za dobrovoljnim zdravstvenim osiguranjem. Prema tome, pandemija nije rezultirala u većoj potražnji za dobrovoljnim zdravstvenim osiguranjem. Također, došlo se do spoznaje da se pandemija COVID-19, iako dovodi do negativnih promjena u dohotku dijela ispitanika, nije odrazila na smanjenje potražnje za policama dobrovoljnog zdravstvenog osiguranja.The main goal of this paper was to examine if the COVID-19 pandemic has effect on the voluntary health insurance demand in the Republic of Croatia. The results of the analysis of data collected by the questionnaire based on the sample of 279 respondents, have shown that there is no correlation between the need for healthcare services during the pandemics and voluntary health insurance demand. Accordingly, pandemics did not result in greater voluntary health insurance demand. In addition, it was confirmed that the COVID-19 pandemic, although resulting in negative changes in income of some respondents, did not decrease demand for voluntary health insurance policies

ZAPOŠLJAVANJE, OBUKA I OBRAZOVANJE U PODUZEĆU METAL SINT D.D. : Završni rad

Kako je prethodno ustanovljeno, ljudski resursi predstavljaju najrelevantniji resurs u svakom poduzeću, oni su ti koji ostvaruju uspjeh, čine poduzeće funkcionalnim te ostvarivanjem boljih poslovnih rezultata povećavaju konkurentnost na tržištu rada. Upravo je stoga ključno rasporediti „prave ljude na pravo mjesto“, što ukazuje na važnost procesa zapošljavanja, koji uključuje kako regrutaciju, tako i selekciju, te se nastavlja na proces obuke i obrazovanja. Poduzeće Metal Sint d.d. suočava se s problemom neusklađenosti postojećih i potrebnih stručnih kadrova, dakle ima manjak zaposlenika. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti trenutačno stanje u poduzeću, kao i mogućnosti zapošljavanja novih, stručnih kadrova te pronaći načine kako smanjiti tu disproporciju. Korištenjem različitih metoda rada, ustanovljeno je da poduzeće Metal Sint d.d. ima manjak zaposlenika te je nužno ulagati više sredstava u obuku i obrazovanje postojećih zaposlenika, ako već nisu u mogućnosti pribaviti nove, stručnije, kvalitetnije kadrove.As previously established, human resources represent the most relevant resource in each enterprise, they are those who achieve success, make the company functional and by achieving better business results, they increase the competitiveness at the labor market. It is therefore crucial to allocate „real people on right places“, which points to the importance of the recruitment process, which includes both recruitment and selection, and continues on the process of training and education. The company Metal Sint d.d. faces the problem of mismatch between the existing and the required professional staff and has the lack of employees. The aim of this paper was to investigate the current situation in the company, as well as the opportunities for recruiting new, professional staff and to find ways to reduce disproportion. By using different methods of work, it has been established that Metal Sint d.d. has a shortage of employees and it is necessary to invest more resources in the training and education of existing employees, if they are not already able to obtain new, more professional, better quality staff