Transferencia de conocimientos: Caso Apovinces

La presente investigación realiza un estudio sobre transferencia de conocimientos en la Asociación de productores de cacao Apovinces en Ecuador, organización que ha crecido de manera importante, generando asociatividad en los agricultores, para ello ha capacitado a sus socios y agricultores en todos los temas que favorezcan la producción de cacao; sus integrantes entienden la importancia de trabajar responsablemente el producto, dado que se exporta hacia Europa, mercado que es exigente en calidad. Apovinces y la Universidad de Guayaquil tienen un vínculo para desarrollar la productividad, esto es a través de la Facultad de Ciencias para el Desarrollo, se envían estudiantes a las haciendas para enseñar a trabajar la siembre y cosecha a los agricultores, de manera que obtengan independencia financiera y no migren hacia la ciudad.  De acuerdo a la literatura revisada el proceso de Apovinces responde al modelo de Transferencia de tecnología Triple Hélice. Se concluye que se debe difundir este caso exitoso para otros sectores agricultores del país, de manera que los productores puedan exportar sus productos directamente, evitando la cadena de intermediarios.&nbsp

Experiencia de asociatividad en Ecuador: Caso Apovinces

The association emerged as one of the mechanisms for cooperation between companies that are facing a process of globalization of their economies. Ecuador have implemented various types of partnerships, one of which is the inclusive business. These are socio-business initiatives in which small producers with dynamic markets work together. The rural associative enterprises are legally constituted, consisting of small rural producers, who have achieved favorable economic performance. The Association of Organic Producers of Vinces, is an example of rural enterprise, characterized by the production of fine flavor cocoa. The aim of this article is to determine the success factors of the partnership in terms of its management. The research design is descriptive and transversal. The research shows that the association has achieved some specific goals that allow it to stay in the market with efficient production processes.La asociatividad surge como uno de los mecanismos de cooperación entre las empresas para enfrentar procesos de globalización de las economías. En el Ecuador, se han implementado los negocios inclusivos como iniciativas socio empresariales por medio de las cuales se vincula a pequeños productores con mercados dinámicos. Las empresas asociativas rurales son asociaciones legalmente constituidas, conformadas por pequeños productores rurales, que han conseguido resultados económicos favorables. La Asociación de Productores Orgánicos de Vinces es un ejemplo de empresa asociativa rural que se caracteriza por el cultivo de cacao fi no de aroma. El objetivo de este artículo es determinar los factores de éxito de la Asociación en su gestión. El diseño de la investigación es transversal descriptivo. El estudio muestra que la Asociación ha alcanzado algunos logros puntuales que le permiten mantenerse en el mercado con eficientes procesos productivos

Small renal masses in Latin-American population : Characteristics and prognostic factors for survival, recurrence and metastasis - A multi-institutional study from LARCG database

To evaluate demographic, clinical and pathological characteristics of small renal masses (SRM) (≤ 4 cm) in a Latin-American population provided by LARCG (Latin-American Renal Cancer Group) and analyze predictors of survival, recurrence and metastasis. A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study of 1523 patients submitted to surgical treatment for non-metastatic SRM from 1979 to 2016. Comparisons between radical (RN) or partial nephrectomy (PN) and young or elderly patients were performed. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests estimated 10-year overall survival. Predictors of local recurrence or metastasis were analyzed by a multivariable logistic regression model. PN and RN were performed in 897 (66%) and 461 (34%) patients. A proportional increase of PN cases from 48.5% (1979-2009) to 75% (after 2009) was evidenced. Stratifying by age, elderly patients (≥ 65 years) had better 10-year OS rates when submitted to PN (83.5%), than RN (54.5%), p = 0.044. This disparity was not evidenced in younger patients. On multivariable model, bilaterality, extracapsular extension and ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) classification ≥3 were predictors of local recurrence. We did not identify significant predictors for distant metastasis in our series. PN is performed in Latin-America in a similar proportion to developed areas and it has been increasing in the last years. Even in elderly individuals, if good functional status, sufficiently fit to surgery, and favorable tumor characteristics, they should be encouraged to perform PN. Intending to an earlier diagnosis of recurrence or distant metastasis, SRM cases with unfavorable characteristics should have a more rigorous follow-up routine

Experiencia de asociatividad en Ecuador: Caso Apovinces

The association emerged as one of the mechanisms for cooperation between companies that are facing a process of globalization of their economies. Ecuador have implemented various types of partnerships, one of which is the inclusive business. These are socio-business initiatives in which small producers with dynamic markets work together. The rural associative enterprises are legally constituted, consisting of small rural producers, who have achieved favorable economic performance. The Association of Organic Producers of Vinces, is an example of rural enterprise, characterized by the production of fine flavor cocoa. The aim of this article is to determine the success factors of the partnership in terms of its management. The research design is descriptive and transversal. The research shows that the association has achieved some specific goals that allow it to stay in the market with efficient production processes.La asociatividad surge como uno de los mecanismos de cooperación entre las empresas para enfrentar procesos de globalización de las economías. En el Ecuador, se han implementado los negocios inclusivos como iniciativas socio empresariales por medio de las cuales se vincula a pequeños productores con mercados dinámicos. Las empresas asociativas rurales son asociaciones legalmente constituidas, conformadas por pequeños productores rurales, que han conseguido resultados económicos favorables. La Asociación de Productores Orgánicos de Vinces es un ejemplo de empresa asociativa rural que se caracteriza por el cultivo de cacao fi no de aroma. El objetivo de este artículo es determinar los factores de éxito de la Asociación en su gestión. El diseño de la investigación es transversal descriptivo. El estudio muestra que la Asociación ha alcanzado algunos logros puntuales que le permiten mantenerse en el mercado con eficientes procesos productivos

Transferencia de conocimientos: Caso apovinces

La presente investigación realiza un estudio sobre transferencia de conocimientos en la Asociación de productores de cacao Apovinces en Ecuador, organización que ha crecido de manera importante, generando asociatividad en los agricultores, para ello ha capacitado a sus socios y agricultores en todos los temas que favorezcan la producción de cacao; sus integrantes entienden la importancia de trabajar responsablemente el producto, dado que se exporta hacia Europa, mercado que es exigente en calidad. Apovinces y la Universidad de Guayaquil tienen un vínculo para desarrollar la productividad, esto es a través de la Facultad de Ciencias para el Desarrollo, se envían estudiantes a las haciendas para enseñar a trabajar la siembre y cosecha a los agricultores, de manera que obtengan independencia financiera y no migren hacia la ciudad. De acuerdo a la literatura revisada el proceso de Apovinces responde al modelo de Transferencia de tecnología Triple Hélice. Se concluye que se debe difundir este caso exitoso para otros sectores agricultores del país, de manera que los productores puedan exportar sus productos directamente, evitando la cadena de intermediarios

Experience of partnership in Ecuador: case apovinces

La asociatividad surge como uno de los mecanismos de cooperación entre las empresas para enfrentar procesos de globalización de las economías. En el Ecuador, se han implementado los negocios inclusivos como iniciativas socio empresariales por medio de las cuales se vincula a pequeños productores con mercados dinámicos. Las empresas asociativas rurales son asociaciones legalmente constituidas, conformadas por pequeños productores rurales, que han conseguido resultados económicos favorables. La Asociación de Productores Orgánicos de Vinces es un ejemplo de empresa asociativa rural que se caracteriza por el cultivo de cacao fi no de aroma. El objetivo de este artículo es determinar los factores de éxito de la Asociación en su gestión. El diseño de la investigación es transversal descriptivo. El estudio muestra que la Asociación ha alcanzado algunos logros puntuales que le permiten mantenerse en el mercado con eficientes procesos productivos.The association emerged as one of the mechanisms for cooperation between companies that are facing a process of globalization of their economies. Ecuador have implemented various types of partnerships, one of which is the inclusive business. These are socio-business initiatives in which small producers with dynamic markets work together. The rural associative enterprises are legally constituted, consisting of small rural producers, who have achieved favorable economic performance. The Association of Organic Producers of Vinces, is an example of rural enterprise, characterized by the production of fine flavor cocoa. The aim of this article is to determine the success factors of the partnership in terms of its management. The research design is descriptive and transversal. The research shows that the association has achieved some specific goals that allow it to stay in the market with efficient production processes

Coronal Heating as Determined by the Solar Flare Frequency Distribution Obtained by Aggregating Case Studies

Flare frequency distributions represent a key approach to addressing one of the largest problems in solar and stellar physics: determining the mechanism that counter-intuitively heats coronae to temperatures that are orders of magnitude hotter than the corresponding photospheres. It is widely accepted that the magnetic field is responsible for the heating, but there are two competing mechanisms that could explain it: nanoflares or Alfv\'en waves. To date, neither can be directly observed. Nanoflares are, by definition, extremely small, but their aggregate energy release could represent a substantial heating mechanism, presuming they are sufficiently abundant. One way to test this presumption is via the flare frequency distribution, which describes how often flares of various energies occur. If the slope of the power law fitting the flare frequency distribution is above a critical threshold, $\alpha=2$ as established in prior literature, then there should be a sufficient abundance of nanoflares to explain coronal heating. We performed $>$600 case studies of solar flares, made possible by an unprecedented number of data analysts via three semesters of an undergraduate physics laboratory course. This allowed us to include two crucial, but nontrivial, analysis methods: pre-flare baseline subtraction and computation of the flare energy, which requires determining flare start and stop times. We aggregated the results of these analyses into a statistical study to determine that $\alpha = 1.63 \pm 0.03$. This is below the critical threshold, suggesting that Alfv\'en waves are an important driver of coronal heating.Comment: 1,002 authors, 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, published by The Astrophysical Journal on 2023-05-09, volume 948, page 7

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research