Nivel de conocimiento, actitud y práctica sobre salud bucal en padres de una Institución Educativa, Calca - Cusco 2021

La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar el nivel de conocimiento, actitud y práctica sobre salud bucal de padres de familia de una Institución Educativa, Calca – Cusco, 2021. El estudio fue de tipo básico, de diseño no experimental y de corte transversal, con una muestra de 120 padres de familia a los que se aplicó un cuestionario de 28 preguntas. Los resultados muestran que el 47.5% de los padres de la institución educativa presentan un nivel de conocimiento sobre salud bucal regular, el 51.7% presenta un nivel de actitud regular en lo que respecta a la salud bucal y el 42.5% presenta un nivel de prácticas sobre salud bucal bajo, encontrándose una asociación positiva entre el nivel de conocimiento alcanzado y el grado de instrucción de los padres. Se concluye que los padres de la institución educativa tienen un nivel de conocimiento y actitud regular, sin embargo, tienen un nivel bajo en cuanto a la práctica sobre salud bucal

Pol?tica p?blica de seguran?a: uma an?lise do programa Para?ba unida pela paz no per?odo de 2012 a 2016

A ocorr?ncia de crimes violentos letais intencionais no Brasil vem aumentando a cada ano, entretanto, o Estado da Para?ba por cinco anos consecutivos, conseguiu redu??o desses crimes. A Secretaria Estadual de Seguran?a e Defesa Social assegura que o resultado desse sucesso ? a pol?tica p?blica de seguran?a denominada: (PUPP) Programa Para?ba Unida Pela Paz. Nesse cen?rio, surge a seguinte indaga??o: Por que a Para?ba ? o ?nico Estado da federa??o brasileira a conseguir reduzir a ocorr?ncia de mortes violentas letais intencionais por cinco anos consecutivos. O objetivo geral desse estudo ? analisar o surgimento, como foi implementada e quais os seus resultados dessa pol?tica p?blica de seguran?a. Os objetivos espec?ficos s?o: (i) analisar como uma pesquisa sobre pol?tica p?blica de seguran?a pode contribuir para a redu??o dos crimes cometidos com viol?ncia contra as pessoas; (ii) verificar como o Programa Para?ba Unida Pela Paz est? organizado no territ?rio Paraibano, bem como a quest?o do seu implemento no contexto das pr?ticas policiais e seu impacto na sociedade paraibana; (iii) compreender de que forma s?o realizadas a coletas de dados em rela??o as quest?es relacionadas a v?timas de crimes violentos no programa constitu?dos pelas Secretaria da Seguran?a e Defesa Social

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Status of QUBIC, the Q&U Bolometer for Cosmology

The Q&U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology (QUBIC) is a novel kind of polarimeter optimized for the measurement of the B-mode polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Back-ground (CMB), which is one of the major challenges of observational cosmology. The signal is expected to be of the order of a few tens of nK, prone to instrumental systematic effects and polluted by various astrophysical foregrounds which can only be controlled through multichroic observations. QUBIC is designed to address these observational issues with a novel approach that combines the advantages of interferometry in terms of control of instrumental systematics with those of bolometric detectors in terms of wide-band, background-limited sensitivity.Comment: Contribution to the 2022 Cosmology session of the 33rd Rencontres de Blois. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2203.0894

Detection chain and electronic readout of the QUBIC instrument

The Q and U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology (QUBIC) Technical Demonstrator (TD) aiming to shows the feasibility of the combination of interferometry and bolometric detection. The electronic readout system is based on an array of 128 NbSi Transition Edge Sensors cooled at 350mK readout with 128 SQUIDs at 1K controlled and amplified by an Application Specific Integrated Circuit at 40K. This readout design allows a 128:1 Time Domain Multiplexing. We report the design and the performance of the detection chain in this paper. The technological demonstrator unwent a campaign of test in the lab. Evaluation of the QUBIC bolometers and readout electronics includes the measurement of I-V curves, time constant and the Noise Equivalent Power. Currently the mean Noise Equivalent Power is ~ 2 x 10⁻¹⁶ W/√Hz

QUBIC VI: cryogenic half wave plate rotator, design and performances

Inflation Gravity Waves B-Modes polarization detection is the ultimate goal of modern large angular scale cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments around the world. A big effort is undergoing with the deployment of many ground-based, balloon-borne and satellite experiments using different methods to separate this faint polarized component from the incoming radiation. One of the largely used technique is the Stokes Polarimetry that uses a rotating half-wave plate (HWP) and a linear polarizer to separate and modulate the polarization components with low residual cross-polarization. This paper describes the QUBIC Stokes Polarimeter highlighting its design features and its performances. A common systematic with these devices is the generation of large spurious signals synchronous with the rotation and proportional to the emissivity of the optical elements. A key feature of the QUBIC Stokes Polarimeter is to operate at cryogenic temperature in order to minimize this unwanted component. Moving efficiently this large optical element at low temperature constitutes a big engineering challenge in order to reduce friction power dissipation. Big attention has been given during the designing phase to minimize the differential thermal contractions between parts. The rotation is driven by a stepper motor placed outside the cryostat to avoid thermal load dissipation at cryogenic temperature. The tests and the results presented in this work show that the QUBIC polarimeter can easily achieve a precision below 0.1{\deg} in positioning simply using the stepper motor precision and the optical absolute encoder. The rotation induces only few mK of extra power load on the second cryogenic stage (~ 8 K).Comment: Part of a series of 8 papers on QUBIC to be submitted to a special issue of JCA