Uso problemático generalizado da internet e sintomatologia depressiva

Introdução: O termo Uso Problemático Generalizado da Internet refere-se a um padrão comportamental que inclui a necessidade recorrente de se conectar à internet, tentativas sucessivas de cessar o uso da internet, a preferência pela conexão com a internet em detrimento das relações sociais e familiares, e o uso da internet como forma de evitar os problemas. A ausência de estudos no contexto português justifica a importância de analisar esta temática aprofundadamente devido à escassez de dados que nos permitam aprofundar o conhecimento de tal fenómeno. Objetivos: O principal objetivo deste estudo consistiu em explorar o papel preditivo do uso problemático generalizado da internet na sintomatologia depressiva. Para tal, foi explorada a relação entre o uso generalizado problemático da internet e a sintomatologia depressiva e ainda a existência de diferenças de género entre as duas variáveis. Amostra: A amostra é constituída por 300 alunos de nacionalidade portuguesa do ensino superior, sendo a sua maioria do sexo feminino (n=239;79,7%) com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 24 anos (M= 20.37, DP= 1.721), solteiros (n=287; 99,3%). Os dados foram recolhidos com recurso à Escala de Uso Generalizado Problemático da Internet (EUGPI) e a Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress (EADS-21). Resultados: Foram encontradas correlações estatisticamente significativas entre todas as dimensões do EUGPI e a subescala depressão, com magnitudes baixas (preferência pela interação social online e autorregulação deficiente) a moderadas (regulação do humor e consequências negativas). Encontramos diferenças estatisticamente significativas em função do género no uso problemático e generalizado da internet na dimensão Consequências Negativas, sendo que o género masculino apresentou pontuações mais elevadas, enquanto que na depressão não se verificaram quaisquer diferenças de género. As dimensões Consequências Negativas e a variável Regulação de Humor revelaram ser preditores significativos, positivos, de sintomatologia depressiva, cabendo às Consequências Negativas a maior contribuição preditiva. Conclusões: Este estudo sustenta o papel preditor que o uso problemático generalizado da internet exerce na sintomatologia depressiva. Os nossos resultados permitiram identificar uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre o uso problemático generalizado da internet e a sintomatologia depressiva, sustentando os efeitos negativos do uso problemático generalizado da internet.Introduction: The term generalized problematic use of the Internet refers to a behavioral pattern that includes the recurrent need to connect to the Internet, successive attempts to cease internet use, preference for internet connection to the detriment of social and family relationships , and the use of the Internet as a way to avoid problems. The absence of studies in the Portuguese context justifies the importance of analyzing this topic in depth due to the scarcity of data that allow us to deepen the knowledge of this phenomenon. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to explore the predictive role of the widespread problematic use of the internet in depressive symptomatology. For this, the relationship between the problematic generalized use of the internet and the depressive symptomatology was explored, as well as the existence of gender differences between the two variables. Sample: The sample is composed of 300 Portuguese students of higher education, most of them female (n = 239, 79.7%) aged 18-24 years (M = 20.37, SD = 1721), unmarried (n = 287, 99.3%). Data were collected using the Generalized Internet Use Scale (EUGPI) and the Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale (EADS-21). Results: Statistically significant correlations were found between all dimensions of the EUGPI and the subscale depression, with low magnitudes (preference for online social interaction and poor self-regulation) to moderate (mood regulation and negative consequences). We found statistically significant differences according to gender in the problematic and generalized use of the Internet in the Negative Consequences dimension, with the masculine gender having higher scores, whereas in the depression there were no gender differences. The Negative Consequences dimensions and the Mood Regulation variable proved to be significant positive predictors of depressive symptomatology, with Negative Consequences being the major predictive contribution. Conclusions: This study supports the predictive role that generalized problematic use of the internet exerts in depressive symptomatology. Our results allowed us to identify a statistically significant relationship between the widespread problematic use of the internet and the depressive symptomatology, sustaining the negative effects of the widespread problematic use of the internet

INIBIÇÃO À CORROSÃO DE AÇO-CARBONO EM MEIO SALINO PELO HETEROCICLO ISATINA VEICULADO EM MICROEMULSÕES

Polar microemulsion systems (SME) based on saponified coconut oil (OCS) as surfactant were prepared in order to increase the solubility of the heterocycle isatin (IST) aiming at its application as corrosion inhibitor against AISI 1020 mild steel, in saline medium. The adsorptions phenomena of the tested SME systems (SME-OCS1-IST and SME-OCS2-IST) in the liquid/gas interface were evaluated by surface tension measurements which do not show significant differences in the presence of ion Cl-. The free energy values of the micellization proved the occurrence of spontaneous process. The corrosion inhibition effectiveness of SME-OCS2, SME-OCS1-IST and SME-OCS2-IST samples was evaluated in 0.5% aqueous NaCl using voltammetry linear scan method (LPR). The maximum efficiency findings were 73.2% for SME-OCS2, 88.2% for SME-OCS2-IST and 97.6% for SME-OCS1-IST. The spontaneity of the adsorption phenomena was also observed in the liquid/metal interface by analyzes of the adsorption free energy. In addition, since computational calculations have been found as a very relevant tool in the corrosion field, a theoretical study was performed in attempt to give support to the observed experimental results, in which B3LYP and 6-311++G(d,p) were applied aiming at investigation of geometry, electronic density aspects, HOMO-LUMO energy gap, as well as the binding between isatin and metal surface

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function.Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien-Dindo classification system.Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9.2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4-7) and 7 (6-8) days respectively (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6.6 versus 8.0 per cent; P = 0.499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0.90, 95 per cent c.i. 0.55 to 1.46; P = 0.659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34.7 versus 39.5 per cent; major 3.3 versus 3.4 per cent; P = 0.110).Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Timing of nasogastric tube insertion and the risk of postoperative pneumonia: an international, prospective cohort study

Aim: Aspiration is a common cause of pneumonia in patients with postoperative ileus. Insertion of a nasogastric tube (NGT) is often performed, but this can be distressing. The aim of this study was to determine whether the timing of NGT insertion after surgery (before versus after vomiting) was associated with reduced rates of pneumonia in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Method: This was a preplanned secondary analysis of a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery between January 2018 and April 2018 were eligible. Those receiving a NGT were divided into three groups, based on the timing of the insertion: routine NGT (inserted at the time of surgery), prophylactic NGT (inserted after surgery but before vomiting) and reactive NGT (inserted after surgery and after vomiting). The primary outcome was the development of pneumonia within 30 days of surgery, which was compared between the prophylactic and reactive NGT groups using multivariable regression analysis. Results: A total of 4715 patients were included in the analysis and 1536 (32.6%) received a NGT. These were classified as routine in 926 (60.3%), reactive in 461 (30.0%) and prophylactic in 149 (9.7%). Two hundred patients (4.2%) developed pneumonia (no NGT 2.7%; routine NGT 5.2%; reactive NGT 10.6%; prophylactic NGT 11.4%). After adjustment for confounding factors, no significant difference in pneumonia rates was detected between the prophylactic and reactive NGT groups (odds ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.56–1.87, P = 0.932). Conclusion: In patients who required the insertion of a NGT after surgery, prophylactic insertion was not associated with fewer cases of pneumonia within 30 days of surgery compared with reactive insertion